characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnoclostridium sp.

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnoclostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Lachnoclostridium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.5_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


status: PUBLIC

tag: attribute

characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257135 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

unit: DD

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Porphyromonadaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257135_bin.12_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257135_bin.15_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Clostridiaceae;g__Clostridium;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257135_bin.25_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257135_bin.3_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Muribaculaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Muribaculaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Muribaculaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257135_bin.8_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257136 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Muribaculaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Muribaculaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257136_bin.23_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257136_bin.25_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257137 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257137_bin.10_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Angelakisella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Angelakisella sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Ruminococcaceae;g__Angelakisella;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257137_bin.26_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257137_bin.30_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257138 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257138_bin.23_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257139 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257139_bin.3_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Bacteroides sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Bacteroides sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Bacteroidaceae;g__Bacteroides;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257139_bin.6_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Porphyromonadaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257139_bin.7_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257140 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257140_bin.27_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257141 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Rikenellaceae;g__Alistipes;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257141_bin.1_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Acetatifactor sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Acetatifactor sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Acetatifactor;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257141_bin.11_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257141_bin.15_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257141_bin.16_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257141_bin.18_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257141_bin.2_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Catabacteriaceae;g__Catabacter;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257141_bin.3_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: Escherichia coli

characteristic: organism

text: Escherichia coli

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Enterobacterales;f__Enterobacteriaceae;g__Escherichia;s__Escherichia coli

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257141_bin.6_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257141 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257141_bin.9_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257142 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257142_bin.28_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Porphyromonadaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257142_bin.29_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Catabacteriaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257142_bin.32_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured bacterium

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257142_bin.9_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257143 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257143_bin.16_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257143_bin.29_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257143_bin.9_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257144 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257144_bin.24_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Clostridiaceae;g__Clostridium;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257144_bin.37_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Oscillibacter sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Oscillibacter sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Oscillospiraceae;g__Oscillibacter;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257144_bin.4_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: Mucispirillum schaedleri

characteristic: organism

text: Mucispirillum schaedleri

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Deferribacteres;c__Deferribacteres;o__Deferribacterales;f__Deferribacteraceae;g__Mucispirillum;s__Mucispirillum schaedleri

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257144_bin.43_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257145 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Rikenellaceae;g__Alistipes;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257145_bin.17_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257145_bin.29_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257145_bin.37_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257146 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Bacteroides sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Bacteroides sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Bacteroidaceae;g__Bacteroides;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257146_bin.7_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257148 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Porphyromonadaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257148_bin.8_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257149 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257149_bin.11_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Coriobacteriaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Coriobacteriaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Coriobacteriia;o__Coriobacteriales;f__Coriobacteriaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257149_bin.12_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridiaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Clostridiaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Clostridiaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257149_bin.31_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: not provided

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257150 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257150_bin.12_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: not provided

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257150_bin.16_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257152 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Ruminococcaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257152_bin.17_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257152_bin.34_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Rikenellaceae;g__Alistipes;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257152_bin.8_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257153 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Azospirillum sp.

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Azospirillum sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Rhodospirillales;f__Rhodospirillaceae;g__Azospirillum;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257153_bin.13_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Firmicutes bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Firmicutes bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257153_bin.21_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257154 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: Bifidobacterium pseudolongum

characteristic: organism

text: Bifidobacterium pseudolongum

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinobacteria;o__Bifidobacteriales;f__Bifidobacteriaceae;g__Bifidobacterium;s__Bifidobacterium pseudolongum

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257154_bin.5_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257155 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Clostridiaceae;g__Clostridium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257155_bin.2_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Muribaculaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Muribaculaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Muribaculaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257155_bin.33_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Roseburia sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Roseburia sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Roseburia;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257155_bin.8_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257156 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257156_bin.12_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Bacteroides acidifaciens

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Bacteroides acidifaciens

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Bacteroidaceae;g__Bacteroides;s__Bacteroides acidifaciens

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257156_bin.18_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257156_bin.19_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257157 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Porphyromonadaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257157_bin.1_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257157_bin.13_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title