characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428088_bin.22_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


status: PUBLIC

tag: attribute

characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13428089 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

unit: DD

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lactobacillus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Lactobacillus sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Lactobacillaceae;g__Lactobacillus;s__Lactobacillus reuteri

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.10_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.11_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.12_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.13_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.14_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Parabacteroides goldsteinii

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Parabacteroides goldsteinii

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Tannerellaceae;g__Parabacteroides;s__Parabacteroides goldsteinii

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.16_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Porphyromonadaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.2_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Firmicutes bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Firmicutes bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.3_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: Acutalibacter muris

characteristic: organism

text: Acutalibacter muris

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Ruminococcaceae;g__Acutalibacter;s__Acutalibacter muris

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.6_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13428089 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnoclostridium sp.

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnoclostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Lachnoclostridium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428089_bin.8_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13428090 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: Enterococcus gallinarum

characteristic: organism

text: Enterococcus gallinarum

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Enterococcaceae;g__Enterococcus;s__Enterococcus gallinarum

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428090_bin.1_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428090_bin.4_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: Akkermansia muciniphila

characteristic: organism

text: Akkermansia muciniphila

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Verrucomicrobia;c__Verrucomicrobiae;o__Verrucomicrobiales;f__Akkermansiaceae;g__Akkermansia;s__Akkermansia muciniphila

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428090_bin.6_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Roseburia sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Roseburia sp.

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Roseburia;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428090_bin.7_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13428091 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428091_bin.11_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428091_bin.15_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Dorea sp.

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Dorea sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Dorea;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428091_bin.5_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13428092 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Enterococcus faecalis

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Enterococcus faecalis

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Enterococcaceae;g__Enterococcus;s__Enterococcus faecalis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.10_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Pseudoflavonifractor sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Pseudoflavonifractor sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Ruminococcaceae;g__Pseudoflavonifractor;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.11_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Anaerocolumna aminovalerica

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Anaerocolumna aminovalerica

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Anaerocolumna;s__Anaerocolumna aminovalerica

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.13_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Dorea sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Dorea sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.14_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Anaerotruncus sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Anaerotruncus sp.

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Ruminococcaceae;g__Anaerotruncus;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.15_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Dorea sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Dorea sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.19_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.20_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Flavonifractor sp.

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Flavonifractor sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Ruminococcaceae;g__Flavonifractor;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.21_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13428092 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Catabacteriaceae;g__Catabacter;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.23_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Erysipelotrichia;o__Erysipelotrichales;f__Erysipelotrichaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.25_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.28_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Turicibacter sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Turicibacter sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Erysipelotrichia;o__Erysipelotrichales;f__Erysipelotrichaceae;g__Turicibacter;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.3_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.6_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Firmicutes bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Firmicutes bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.8_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428092_bin.9_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13428093 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Eubacterium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Eubacterium sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Eubacteriaceae;g__Eubacterium;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428093_bin.19_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Acetatifactor sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Acetatifactor sp.

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Acetatifactor;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428093_bin.24_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428093_bin.7_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13428094 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Alistipes sp.

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Rikenellaceae;g__Alistipes;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428094_bin.27_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Clostridiaceae;g__Clostridium;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428094_bin.32_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428094_bin.46_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428094_bin.5_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428094_bin.6_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: Eubacterium plexicaudatum

characteristic: organism

text: Eubacterium plexicaudatum

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Eubacteriaceae;g__Eubacterium;s__Eubacterium plexicaudatum

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428094_bin.8_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13428096 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428096_bin.12_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: Turicimonas muris

characteristic: organism

text: Turicimonas muris

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Burkholderiales;f__Sutterellaceae;g__Turicimonas;s__Turicimonas muris

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428096_bin.15_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Porphyromonadaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428096_bin.16_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Porphyromonadaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428096_bin.19_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Muribaculaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Muribaculaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Muribaculaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428096_bin.39_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnoclostridium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

text: uncultured Lachnoclostridium sp.

text: NextSeq 500

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Lachnoclostridium;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13428096_bin.7_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257128 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Muribaculum intestinale

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Muribaculum intestinale

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Muribaculaceae;g__Muribaculum;s__Muribaculum intestinale

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257128_bin.31_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257128_bin.34_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257131 of study SRP301591.

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257131_bin.15_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257131_bin.18_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Eubacterium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Eubacterium sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Eubacteriaceae;g__Eubacterium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257131_bin.26_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257134 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Butyricicoccus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Butyricicoccus sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Clostridiaceae;g__Butyricicoccus;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.14_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured bacterium

text: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and time-scales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Here, using a cocktail of antibiotics administered to a murine model over a single generation along with a detailed, longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire AMR within a single generation. While the majority of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family develop resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotic cocktail in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and trace their origins within each genome. While mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, contribute to the spread of AMR, we observe that integrons represent the primary factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that antibiotic treatment alone may act as the selective pressure driving AMR acquisition and incidence in gut commensals on a generational timescale.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.16_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.17_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.18_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.20_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.21_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Firmicutes bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Firmicutes bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.23_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: metawrap v1.3

text: mouse digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: feces

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Luxembourg

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

characteristic: local environmental context

text: mouse gut metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Oscillibacter sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Oscillibacter sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Clostridiales;f__Oscillospiraceae;g__Oscillibacter;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.24_metawrap_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: metawrap v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: mouse digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR17257134 of study SRP301591.

characteristic: description

text: feces

text: Luxembourg

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: digestive tube

text: mouse gut metagenome

text: uncultured Lactobacillus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lactobacillus sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: The taxonomy of this metagenome-assembled genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Lactobacillaceae;g__Lactobacillus;s__Lactobacillus murinus

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR17257134_bin.4_metawrap_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title