characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.14.1

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

text: not provided

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR4757829 of study ERP118359.

text: Engineered

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (material)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Saccharomyces eubayanus

text: Cotter Lab FF study

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Saccharomyces eubayanus

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR4757829_bin.1_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


status: PUBLIC

tag: attribute

characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.14.1

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1, EukCC2

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: not provided

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR4757847 of study ERP118359.

characteristic: description

text: Engineered

text: Food production

text: Food production

text: not provided

text: not provided

unit: DD

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

text: Pichia kudriavzevii

characteristic: organism

text: Cotter Lab FF study

text: Pichia kudriavzevii

text: NextSeq 500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR4757847_bin.1_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: metaSPAdes v3.14.1

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1, EukCC2

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

text: not provided

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR4757856 of study ERP118359.

text: Engineered

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (material)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Pichia membranifaciens

text: Cotter Lab FF study

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Pichia membranifaciens

text: NextSeq 500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR4757856_bin.1_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes v3.14.1

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: not provided

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR4757857 of study ERP118359.

characteristic: description

text: Engineered

text: Food production

text: Food production

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

text: Kazachstania saulgeensis

characteristic: organism

text: Cotter Lab FF study

text: Kazachstania saulgeensis

text: NextSeq 500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR4757857_bin.32_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR1562005 of study SRP046072.

text: Engineered

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (material)

text: China

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Hypocreales

text: Chinese liquor is produced by a solid-state fermentation process used for hundreds of years. The process is carried out in rectangular soil pits, whose walls have been layered with a fermentation mud. The age of these this layer is believed to influence final liquor quality and the microbes resident here form the inoculum for fermentation. Microbial diversity in these layers is poorly understood. This is the first report which describes a deep metagenomic sequencing based study to reveal the microbial diversity from 24 pits of varying ages, 20, 30, 50, 140, 220, 350, 400 and 440 years.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Hypocreales

text: Illumina HiSeq 2000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR1562005_bin.67_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: not provided

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR3017086 of study SRP067433.

characteristic: description

text: Engineered

text: Food production

text: Food production

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

text: Debaryomyces hansenii CBS767

characteristic: organism

text:
Wine is a complex beverage, comprised of thousands of metabolites that are produced through the action of yeasts and bacteria in fermenting grape must. To ensure a robust and reliable fermentation, most commercial wines are produced via inoculation with large amounts of the major wine yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, there is a growing trend towards the use of uninoculated or “wild” fermentations, in which the yeasts and bacteria that are naturally associated with the vineyard or winery perform the fermentation. The varied metabolic contributions of the numerous non-Saccharomyces species in this microbial community are thought to impart complexity and desirable taste and aroma attributes to wild ferments when compared to their inoculated counterparts.

In order the map the microflora of spontaneous fermentation, metagenomic techniques were used to characterise and monitor the progression of fungal species in several wild fermentations. Both amplicon-based ITS phylotyping and shotgun metagenomics were used to assess community structure, in addition to the isolation, sequencing and de novo assembly of the first reference genomes for several dominant wine-associated species.

text: Debaryomyces hansenii CBS767

text: Illumina MiSeq

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR3017086_bin.52_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1, EukCC2

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

text: not provided

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR3017090 of study SRP067433.

text: Engineered

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (material)

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Rhodotorula graminis

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Rhodotorula graminis

text: Illumina MiSeq

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR3017090_bin.1_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: not provided

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Engineered

text: Food production

text: Food production

text: Australia

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

text: Hanseniaspora opuntiae

characteristic: organism

text: Hanseniaspora opuntiae

text: Illumina MiSeq

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR3017090_bin.8_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1, EukCC2

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR3017092 of study SRP067433.

text: Engineered

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (material)

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Metschnikowia aff. pulcherrima

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Metschnikowia aff. pulcherrima

text: Illumina MiSeq

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR3017092_bin.1_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR3017095 of study SRP067433.

characteristic: description

text: Engineered

text: Food production

text: Food production

text: Australia

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

text: Hanseniaspora uvarum

characteristic: organism

text: Hanseniaspora uvarum

text: Illumina MiSeq

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR3017095_bin.66_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR3017098 of study SRP067433.

text: Engineered

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (material)

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Hanseniaspora osmophila

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Hanseniaspora osmophila

text: Illumina MiSeq

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR3017098_bin.23_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR3017099 of study SRP067433.

characteristic: description

text: Engineered

text: Food production

text: Food production

text: Australia

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

text: Torulaspora delbrueckii

characteristic: organism

text: Torulaspora delbrueckii

text: Illumina MiSeq

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR3017099_bin.44_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1, EukCC2

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR3017103 of study SRP067433.

text: Engineered

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (material)

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Aureobasidium pullulans

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Aureobasidium pullulans

text: Illumina MiSeq

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR3017103_bin.1_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR3017105 of study SRP067433.

characteristic: description

text: Engineered

text: Food production

text: Food production

text: Australia

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

text: uncultured Saccharomyces

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Saccharomyces

text: Illumina MiSeq

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR3017105_bin.41_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR5438753 of study SRP103682.

text: Engineered

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Food production

characteristic: environment (material)

text: China

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: food production metagenome

text: food production metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Brettanomyces bruxellensis

text: The theoretical basis for the industrial production of Kombucha

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Brettanomyces bruxellensis

text: HiSeq X Ten

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR5438753_bin.5_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: SPAdes v3.11.1

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR6425773 of study SRP127637.

characteristic: description

text: Mixed

text: Mixed

text: Mixed

text: China

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: metagenome

text: metagenome

text: uncultured Pseudogymnoascus

characteristic: organism

text: Microbiota as a functional assemblage of microbes plays an important role in environment and in lives of multicellular organisms. Animal gut microbiota is strongly influenced by dietary factors while soil microbial flora can be shaped by various physical, chemical, and biological conditions.

text: uncultured Pseudogymnoascus

text: Illumina HiSeq 2000

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR6425773_bin.116_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR12240174 of study SRP272267.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Sphingomonadaceae bacterium

text: short, metagnomic reads from lichen thalli

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Sphingomonadaceae bacterium

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240174_bin.22_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Sphingomonadales bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Sphingomonadales bacterium

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240174_bin.26_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Bryobacterales bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Bryobacterales bacterium

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240174_bin.37_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR12240177 of study SRP272267.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Beijerinckiaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Beijerinckiaceae bacterium

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240177_bin.34_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR12240180 of study SRP272267.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Methylobacterium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Methylobacterium sp.

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240180_bin.30_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Mucilaginibacter sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Mucilaginibacter sp.

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240180_bin.4_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR12240181 of study SRP272267.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Solirubrobacter sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Solirubrobacter sp.

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240181_bin.11_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR12240182 of study SRP272267.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240182_bin.11_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR12240183 of study SRP272267.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Sphingomonas sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Sphingomonas sp.

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240183_bin.13_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Hymenobacter sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Hymenobacter sp.

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240183_bin.2_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Alphaproteobacteria bacterium

text: short, metagnomic reads from lichen thalli

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240183_bin.5_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR12240184 of study SRP272267.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Pedobacter sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Pedobacter sp.

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240184_bin.10_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR12240188 of study SRP272267.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Frankiaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Frankiaceae bacterium

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR12240188_bin.2_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685122 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Rhodospirillales bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: Reductions in genome size and complexity are a hallmark of obligate symbioses. The mitochondrial genome displays clear examples of these reductions, with the ancestral alpha-proteobacterial genome size and gene number having been reduced by orders of magnitude in most descendent modern mitochondrial genomes. Here, we examine patterns of mitochondrial evolution specifically looking at intron size, number, and position across 58 species from 21 genera of lichenized Ascomycete fungi, representing a broad range of fungal diversity and niches. Our results show that the cox1 gene always contained the highest number of introns out of all the mitochondrial protein-coding genes, that high intron sequence similarity can be maintained between different genera, and that lichens have undergone at least two instances of complete, genome-wide intron loss consistent with evidence for genome streamlining via loss of parasitic, noncoding DNA, in Phlyctis boliviensis and Graphis lineola. Notably, however, lichenized fungi have not only undergone intron loss but in some instances have expanded considerably in size due to intron proliferation (e.g., Alectoria fallacina and Parmotrema neotropicum), even between closely related sister species (e.g., Cladonia). These results shed light on the highly dynamic mitochondrial evolution that is occurring in lichens and suggest that these obligate symbiotic organisms are in some cases undergoing recent, broad-scale genome streamlining via loss of protein-coding genes as well as noncoding, parasitic DNA elements.

text: uncultured Rhodospirillales bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685122_bin.22_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685123 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Acidipila sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Acidipila sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685123_bin.23_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685123_bin.3_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685127 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685127_bin.9_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Multiple fragments where gaps span repetitive regions. Presence of the 23S, 16S, and 5S rRNA genes and at least 18 tRNAs

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685131 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Granulicella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Granulicella sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685131_bin.15_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685132 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685132_bin.25_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685139 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Beijerinckiaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Beijerinckiaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685139_bin.3_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685141 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Terriglobus sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Terriglobus sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685141_bin.1_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685145 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Terriglobus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: Reductions in genome size and complexity are a hallmark of obligate symbioses. The mitochondrial genome displays clear examples of these reductions, with the ancestral alpha-proteobacterial genome size and gene number having been reduced by orders of magnitude in most descendent modern mitochondrial genomes. Here, we examine patterns of mitochondrial evolution specifically looking at intron size, number, and position across 58 species from 21 genera of lichenized Ascomycete fungi, representing a broad range of fungal diversity and niches. Our results show that the cox1 gene always contained the highest number of introns out of all the mitochondrial protein-coding genes, that high intron sequence similarity can be maintained between different genera, and that lichens have undergone at least two instances of complete, genome-wide intron loss consistent with evidence for genome streamlining via loss of parasitic, noncoding DNA, in Phlyctis boliviensis and Graphis lineola. Notably, however, lichenized fungi have not only undergone intron loss but in some instances have expanded considerably in size due to intron proliferation (e.g., Alectoria fallacina and Parmotrema neotropicum), even between closely related sister species (e.g., Cladonia). These results shed light on the highly dynamic mitochondrial evolution that is occurring in lichens and suggest that these obligate symbiotic organisms are in some cases undergoing recent, broad-scale genome streamlining via loss of protein-coding genes as well as noncoding, parasitic DNA elements.

text: uncultured Terriglobus sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685145_bin.8_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685146 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Chloroflexi bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Chloroflexi bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685146_bin.37_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685148 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Granulicella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Granulicella sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685148_bin.7_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685149 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685149_bin.14_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685150 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Burkholderiales bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Burkholderiales bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685150_bin.0_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685151 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Friedmanniella sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Friedmanniella sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685151_bin.14_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Acidobacteria bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Acidobacteria bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685151_bin.25_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Nostoc sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Nostoc sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685151_bin.36_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685152 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Verrucomicrobia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Verrucomicrobia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685152_bin.38_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685154 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Sphingomonadales bacterium

text: Reductions in genome size and complexity are a hallmark of obligate symbioses. The mitochondrial genome displays clear examples of these reductions, with the ancestral alpha-proteobacterial genome size and gene number having been reduced by orders of magnitude in most descendent modern mitochondrial genomes. Here, we examine patterns of mitochondrial evolution specifically looking at intron size, number, and position across 58 species from 21 genera of lichenized Ascomycete fungi, representing a broad range of fungal diversity and niches. Our results show that the cox1 gene always contained the highest number of introns out of all the mitochondrial protein-coding genes, that high intron sequence similarity can be maintained between different genera, and that lichens have undergone at least two instances of complete, genome-wide intron loss consistent with evidence for genome streamlining via loss of parasitic, noncoding DNA, in Phlyctis boliviensis and Graphis lineola. Notably, however, lichenized fungi have not only undergone intron loss but in some instances have expanded considerably in size due to intron proliferation (e.g., Alectoria fallacina and Parmotrema neotropicum), even between closely related sister species (e.g., Cladonia). These results shed light on the highly dynamic mitochondrial evolution that is occurring in lichens and suggest that these obligate symbiotic organisms are in some cases undergoing recent, broad-scale genome streamlining via loss of protein-coding genes as well as noncoding, parasitic DNA elements.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Sphingomonadales bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685154_bin.11_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685156 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Parafilimonas sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Parafilimonas sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685156_bin.11_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Methylobacteriaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685156_bin.14_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Verrucomicrobia bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Verrucomicrobia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685156_bin.21_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Burkholderiales bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Burkholderiales bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685156_bin.24_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Scytonema sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Scytonema sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685156_bin.26_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685160 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685160_bin.16_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685165 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Beijerinckiaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Beijerinckiaceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685165_bin.29_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685166 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Terriglobus sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Terriglobus sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685166_bin.15_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685167 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Acetobacteraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685167_bin.2_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Granulicella sp.

text: Reductions in genome size and complexity are a hallmark of obligate symbioses. The mitochondrial genome displays clear examples of these reductions, with the ancestral alpha-proteobacterial genome size and gene number having been reduced by orders of magnitude in most descendent modern mitochondrial genomes. Here, we examine patterns of mitochondrial evolution specifically looking at intron size, number, and position across 58 species from 21 genera of lichenized Ascomycete fungi, representing a broad range of fungal diversity and niches. Our results show that the cox1 gene always contained the highest number of introns out of all the mitochondrial protein-coding genes, that high intron sequence similarity can be maintained between different genera, and that lichens have undergone at least two instances of complete, genome-wide intron loss consistent with evidence for genome streamlining via loss of parasitic, noncoding DNA, in Phlyctis boliviensis and Graphis lineola. Notably, however, lichenized fungi have not only undergone intron loss but in some instances have expanded considerably in size due to intron proliferation (e.g., Alectoria fallacina and Parmotrema neotropicum), even between closely related sister species (e.g., Cladonia). These results shed light on the highly dynamic mitochondrial evolution that is occurring in lichens and suggest that these obligate symbiotic organisms are in some cases undergoing recent, broad-scale genome streamlining via loss of protein-coding genes as well as noncoding, parasitic DNA elements.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Granulicella sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685167_bin.28_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685168 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Caulobacteraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Caulobacteraceae bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685168_bin.4_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685169 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Verrucomicrobia bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Verrucomicrobia bacterium

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685169_bin.9_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685171 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured candidate division WPS-2 bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685171_bin.7_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685176 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Terriglobus sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Terriglobus sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685176_bin.10_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685177 of study SRP305791.

characteristic: description

text: Algae

text: Green algae

text: Ectosymbionts

text: USA

text: not provided

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

text: uncultured Acidipila sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Acidipila sp.

text: NextSeq 550

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685177_bin.1_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run SRR13685178 of study SRP305791.

text: Algae

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Green algae

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Ectosymbionts

characteristic: environment (material)

text: USA

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: lichen metagenome

text: lichen metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Kineosporia sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Kineosporia sp.

text: NextSeq 550

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: SRR13685178_bin.15_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: MegaHit

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR1726919 of study ERP003628.

characteristic: description

text: Environmental

text: Aquatic

text: Marine

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: marine metagenome

text: marine metagenome

text: uncultured eukaryote

characteristic: organism

text: Seawater was filtered from different depths to retain small and large cell sizes. The DNA was extracted and submitted to high throughput sequencing.

text: uncultured eukaryote

text: Illumina HiSeq 2000

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR1726919_bin.5_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Megahit

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR2206769 of study ERP104730.

text: Environmental

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Aquatic

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Marine

characteristic: environment (material)

text: Baltic Sea

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: marine metagenome

text: marine metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Chlorellales

text: Two out of three datasets (the first one already published with Hugerth et al 2015) included in the Baltic Sea reference metagenome assembly. The assembly include herein is a coassembly of all three datasets, complete with annotated genes to facilitate further studies of the Baltic Sea with much less computational effort. The assembly is constructed using 2.6 billion metagenomic reads from 81 water samples, spanning both spatial and temporal dimensions, and contains 6.8 million genes that have been annotated for function and taxonomy. The assembly is useful as a reference, facilitating taxonomic and functional annotation of additional samples by simply mapping their reads against the assembly.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Chlorellales

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR2206769_bin.121_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: Megahit

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Environmental

text: Aquatic

text: Marine

text: Baltic Sea

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: marine metagenome

text: marine metagenome

text: Micromonas commoda

characteristic: organism

text: Micromonas commoda

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR2206769_bin.70_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Megahit

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1, EukCC2

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR2206775 of study ERP104730.

text: Environmental

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Aquatic

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Marine

characteristic: environment (material)

text: Baltic Sea

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: marine metagenome

text: marine metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Bathycoccus

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Bathycoccus

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR2206775_bin.1_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: Megahit

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: Environmental

text: Aquatic

text: Marine

text: Baltic Sea

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: marine metagenome

text: marine metagenome

text: uncultured Trebouxiophyceae

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Trebouxiophyceae

text: Illumina HiSeq 2500

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR2206775_bin.11_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

text: EBI

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaSPAdes

text: Default

text: CONCOCT v1.1

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: collection date

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR598983 of study ERP001736.

text: Environmental

characteristic: environment (biome)

text: Aquatic

characteristic: environment (feature)

text: Marine

characteristic: environment (material)

text: not provided

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: marine metagenome

text: marine metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Micromonas pusilla

text: Seawater was filtered from different depths to retain small cell sizes (Bacteria Organisms). The DNA was extracted and submitted to high throughput sequencing.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Micromonas pusilla

text: Illumina HiSeq 2000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR598983_bin.99_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EBI

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaSPAdes

characteristic: assembly software

text: Default

characteristic: binning parameters

text: CONCOCT v1.1

characteristic: binning software

text: EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI

characteristic: broker name

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR598991 of study ERP001736.

characteristic: description

text: Environmental

text: Aquatic

text: Marine

text: not provided

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: marine metagenome

text: marine metagenome

text: Ostreococcus sp. 'lucimarinus'

characteristic: organism

text: Ostreococcus sp. 'lucimarinus'

text: Illumina HiSeq 2000

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-assembled genome: ERR598991_bin.40_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG

characteristic: title