characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968951_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


status: PUBLIC

tag: attribute

characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968952 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

unit: DD

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Capnocytophaga gingivalis

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Capnocytophaga gingivalis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__Capnocytophaga gingivalis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968952_bin.13_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Candidatus Saccharibacteria;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968952_bin.26_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Neisseria sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Neisseria sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Neisseriales;f__Neisseriaceae;g__Neisseria;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968952_bin.31_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: organism

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Candidatus Saccharibacteria;c__Candidatus Saccharimonia;o__Candidatus Nanosynbacterales;f__Candidatus Nanosynbacteraceae;g__Candidatus Nanosynbacter;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968952_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Capnocytophaga sputigena

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Capnocytophaga sputigena

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__Capnocytophaga sputigena

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968952_bin.5_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968953 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968953_bin.10_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Oribacterium sinus

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Oribacterium sinus

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Oribacterium;s__Oribacterium sinus

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968953_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Veillonellales;f__Veillonellaceae;g__Veillonella;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968953_bin.21_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Fusobacterium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Fusobacterium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Fusobacteriaceae;g__Fusobacterium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968953_bin.6_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Streptococcus salivarius

characteristic: organism

text: Streptococcus salivarius

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus salivarius

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968953_bin.8_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968954 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Rothia dentocariosa

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Rothia dentocariosa

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Micrococcales;f__Micrococcaceae;g__Rothia;s__Rothia dentocariosa

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968954_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968955 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968955_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Oribacterium sinus

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Oribacterium sinus

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968955_bin.20_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Solobacterium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Solobacterium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Erysipelotrichia;o__Erysipelotrichales;f__Erysipelotrichaceae;g__Solobacterium;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968955_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Leptotrichia sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Leptotrichia sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Leptotrichiaceae;g__Leptotrichia;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968955_bin.6_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968956 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Kingella oralis

characteristic: organism

text: Kingella oralis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Neisseriales;f__Neisseriaceae;g__Kingella;s__Kingella oralis

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968956_bin.22_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Veillonellales;f__Veillonellaceae;g__Veillonella;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968956_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968957 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968957_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968958 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Corynebacterium matruchotii

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Corynebacterium matruchotii

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Corynebacteriales;f__Corynebacteriaceae;g__Corynebacterium;s__Corynebacterium matruchotii

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968958_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Leptotrichia hofstadii

characteristic: organism

text: Leptotrichia hofstadii

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Leptotrichiaceae;g__Leptotrichia;s__Leptotrichia hofstadii

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968958_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968959 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Candidatus Saccharibacteria;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968959_bin.24_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Johnsonella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Johnsonella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Johnsonella;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968959_bin.41_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Propionibacteriaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Propionibacteriales;f__Propionibacteriaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968959_bin.43_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968960 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Granulicatella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Granulicatella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Carnobacteriaceae;g__Granulicatella;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968960_bin.15_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Haemophilus haemolyticus

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Haemophilus haemolyticus

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pasteurellales;f__Pasteurellaceae;g__Haemophilus;s__Haemophilus haemolyticus

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968960_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968961 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Selenomonas sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Selenomonas sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Selenomonadales;f__Selenomonadaceae;g__Selenomonas;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968961_bin.14_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Streptococcus oralis

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Streptococcus oralis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus oralis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968961_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968962 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Mogibacterium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Mogibacterium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__;g__Mogibacterium;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968962_bin.15_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Granulicatella adiacens

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Granulicatella adiacens

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Carnobacteriaceae;g__Granulicatella;s__Granulicatella adiacens

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968962_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Abiotrophia defectiva

characteristic: organism

text: Abiotrophia defectiva

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Aerococcaceae;g__Abiotrophia;s__Abiotrophia defectiva

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968962_bin.21_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968963 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Leptotrichiaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Leptotrichiaceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Leptotrichiaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968963_bin.16_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968963_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Gemella sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Gemella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Bacillales;f__;g__Gemella;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968963_bin.6_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968963_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968964 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Capnocytophaga sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Capnocytophaga sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968964_bin.16_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Candidatus Saccharibacteria;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968964_bin.23_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968964_bin.25_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Cardiobacterium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Cardiobacterium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Cardiobacteriales;f__Cardiobacteriaceae;g__Cardiobacterium;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968964_bin.26_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Selenomonas sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Selenomonas sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Selenomonadales;f__Selenomonadaceae;g__Selenomonas;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968964_bin.37_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Propionivibrio sp.

characteristic: organism

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

text: uncultured Propionivibrio sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Rhodocyclales;f__Rhodocyclaceae;g__Propionivibrio;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968964_bin.39_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Fusobacterium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Fusobacterium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Fusobacteriaceae;g__Fusobacterium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968964_bin.42_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968964 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Selenomonas sputigena

characteristic: organism

text: Selenomonas sputigena

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Selenomonadales;f__Selenomonadaceae;g__Selenomonas;s__Selenomonas sputigena

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968964_bin.44_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968965 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Haemophilus sputorum

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Haemophilus sputorum

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pasteurellales;f__Pasteurellaceae;g__Haemophilus;s__Haemophilus sputorum

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968965_bin.1_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Parvimonas sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Parvimonas sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Tissierellia;o__Tissierellales;f__Peptoniphilaceae;g__Parvimonas;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968965_bin.10_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968965_bin.13_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Johnsonella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

text: uncultured Johnsonella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Johnsonella;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968965_bin.20_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Lachnoanaerobaculum;s__Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968965_bin.28_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Acinetobacter johnsonii

characteristic: organism

text: Acinetobacter johnsonii

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Moraxellaceae;g__Acinetobacter;s__Acinetobacter johnsonii

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968965_bin.30_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Capnocytophaga leadbetteri

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Capnocytophaga leadbetteri

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__Capnocytophaga leadbetteri

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968965_bin.32_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968965 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Haemophilus parainfluenzae

characteristic: organism

text: Haemophilus parainfluenzae

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pasteurellales;f__Pasteurellaceae;g__Haemophilus;s__Haemophilus parainfluenzae

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968965_bin.34_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Solobacterium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Solobacterium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Erysipelotrichia;o__Erysipelotrichales;f__Erysipelotrichaceae;g__Solobacterium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968965_bin.42_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968966 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Alloprevotella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Alloprevotella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Prevotellaceae;g__Alloprevotella;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968966_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968968 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Streptococcus mitis

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Streptococcus mitis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus mitis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968968_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Massilia timonae

characteristic: organism

text: Massilia timonae

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Burkholderiales;f__Oxalobacteraceae;g__Massilia;s__Massilia timonae

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968968_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968970 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Streptococcus salivarius

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Streptococcus salivarius

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus salivarius

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968970_bin.16_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Fusobacterium periodonticum

characteristic: organism

text: Fusobacterium periodonticum

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Fusobacteriaceae;g__Fusobacterium;s__Fusobacterium periodonticum

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968970_bin.18_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968971 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Sphingomonas sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Sphingomonas sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Sphingomonadales;f__Sphingomonadaceae;g__Sphingomonas;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968971_bin.1_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Moraxella osloensis

characteristic: organism

text: Moraxella osloensis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Moraxellaceae;g__Moraxella;s__Moraxella osloensis

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968971_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG