characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968699_bin.58_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


status: PUBLIC

tag: attribute

characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968699 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

unit: DD

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Gemella sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Gemella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Bacillales;f__;g__Gemella;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968699_bin.60_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Hoylesella marshii

characteristic: organism

text: Hoylesella marshii

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Prevotellaceae;g__Prevotella;s__Prevotella marshii

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968699_bin.62_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968701 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Brachybacterium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Brachybacterium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Micrococcales;f__Dermabacteraceae;g__Brachybacterium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968701_bin.15_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Eikenella corrodens

characteristic: organism

text: Eikenella corrodens

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Neisseriales;f__Neisseriaceae;g__Eikenella;s__Eikenella corrodens

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968701_bin.17_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Veillonella tobetsuensis

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Veillonella tobetsuensis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Veillonellales;f__Veillonellaceae;g__Veillonella;s__Veillonella tobetsuensis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968701_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968701_bin.8_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Neisseria elongata

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Neisseria elongata

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Neisseriales;f__Neisseriaceae;g__Neisseria;s__Neisseria elongata

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968701_bin.9_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968702 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

characteristic: organism

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

text: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Xanthomonadales;f__Xanthomonadaceae;g__Stenotrophomonas;s__Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968702_bin.1_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Veillonellales;f__Veillonellaceae;g__Veillonella;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968702_bin.10_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Serratia liquefaciens

characteristic: organism

text: Serratia liquefaciens

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Enterobacterales;f__Yersiniaceae;g__Serratia;s__Serratia liquefaciens

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968702_bin.13_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: [Eubacterium] sulci

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: [Eubacterium] sulci

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__;g__;s__[Eubacterium] sulci

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968702_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Negativicoccus succinicivorans

characteristic: organism

text: Negativicoccus succinicivorans

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Veillonellales;f__Veillonellaceae;g__Negativicoccus;s__Negativicoccus succinicivorans

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968702_bin.8_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968704 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Streptococcus salivarius

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Streptococcus salivarius

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus salivarius

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968704_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968705 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Streptococcus oralis

characteristic: organism

text: Streptococcus oralis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus oralis

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968705_bin.11_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnoanaerobaculum sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnoanaerobaculum sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Lachnoanaerobaculum;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968705_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968706 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968706_bin.19_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968707 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Bacteroidetes bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Bacteroidetes bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968707_bin.35_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968708 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Streptococcus cristatus

characteristic: organism

text: Streptococcus cristatus

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus cristatus

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968708_bin.11_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Haemophilus parainfluenzae

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Haemophilus parainfluenzae

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pasteurellales;f__Pasteurellaceae;g__Haemophilus;s__Haemophilus parainfluenzae

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968708_bin.16_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968708_bin.17_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Campylobacter sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Campylobacter sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Epsilonproteobacteria;o__Campylobacterales;f__Campylobacteraceae;g__Campylobacter;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968708_bin.24_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Campylobacter concisus

characteristic: organism

text: Campylobacter concisus

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Epsilonproteobacteria;o__Campylobacterales;f__Campylobacteraceae;g__Campylobacter;s__Campylobacter concisus

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968708_bin.28_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968709 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Paracoccus sanguinis

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Paracoccus sanguinis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Rhodobacterales;f__Rhodobacteraceae;g__Paracoccus;s__Paracoccus sanguinis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968709_bin.11_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Abiotrophia defectiva

characteristic: organism

text: Abiotrophia defectiva

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Aerococcaceae;g__Abiotrophia;s__Abiotrophia defectiva

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968709_bin.17_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Lachnoanaerobaculum sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Lachnoanaerobaculum sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Lachnoanaerobaculum;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968709_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Actinomyces oris

characteristic: organism

text: Actinomyces oris

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Actinomycetales;f__Actinomycetaceae;g__Actinomyces;s__Actinomyces oris

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968709_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Prevotella melaninogenica

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Prevotella melaninogenica

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Prevotellaceae;g__Prevotella;s__Prevotella melaninogenica

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968709_bin.8_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968710 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

text: uncultured Flavobacteriaceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968710_bin.11_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Stenotrophomonas rhizophila

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Stenotrophomonas rhizophila

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Xanthomonadales;f__Xanthomonadaceae;g__Stenotrophomonas;s__Stenotrophomonas rhizophila

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968710_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968711 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Streptococcus oralis

characteristic: organism

text: Streptococcus oralis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus oralis

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968711_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968712 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Haemophilus parainfluenzae

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Haemophilus parainfluenzae

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pasteurellales;f__Pasteurellaceae;g__Haemophilus;s__Haemophilus parainfluenzae

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968712_bin.11_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Prevotella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Prevotella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Prevotellaceae;g__Prevotella;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968712_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Bacillus cereus

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Bacillus cereus

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Bacillales;f__Bacillaceae;g__Bacillus;s__Bacillus cereus

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968712_bin.13_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

text: uncultured bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968712_bin.16_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Streptococcus salivarius

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Streptococcus salivarius

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus salivarius

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968712_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Granulicatella sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Granulicatella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Carnobacteriaceae;g__Granulicatella;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968712_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968713 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Pseudomonas sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Pseudomonas sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Pseudomonadaceae;g__Pseudomonas;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968713_bin.10_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Lelliottia amnigena

characteristic: organism

text: Lelliottia amnigena

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Enterobacterales;f__Enterobacteriaceae;g__Lelliottia;s__Lelliottia amnigena

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968713_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Veillonellales;f__Veillonellaceae;g__Veillonella;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968713_bin.19_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Pseudomonas sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Pseudomonas sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968713_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Corynebacterium durum

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Corynebacterium durum

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Corynebacteriales;f__Corynebacteriaceae;g__Corynebacterium;s__Corynebacterium durum

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968713_bin.23_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Capnocytophaga gingivalis

characteristic: organism

text: Capnocytophaga gingivalis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__Capnocytophaga gingivalis

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968713_bin.24_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968714 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Abiotrophia defectiva

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Abiotrophia defectiva

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Aerococcaceae;g__Abiotrophia;s__Abiotrophia defectiva

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968714_bin.14_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968714_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Treponema sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Treponema sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Spirochaetes;c__Spirochaetia;o__Spirochaetales;f__Treponemataceae;g__Treponema;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968714_bin.6_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968715 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Pseudomonas brenneri

characteristic: organism

text: Pseudomonas brenneri

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Pseudomonadaceae;g__Pseudomonas;s__Pseudomonas brenneri

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968715_bin.6_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Pseudomonadaceae;g__Pseudomonas;s__Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968715_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968716 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium

characteristic: organism

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Candidatus Saccharibacteria;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968716_bin.13_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968716_bin.15_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Fusobacterium nucleatum

characteristic: organism

text: Fusobacterium nucleatum

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Fusobacteriaceae;g__Fusobacterium;s__Fusobacterium nucleatum

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968716_bin.17_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968716_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968716_bin.35_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968717 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Pseudomonas sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Pseudomonas sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Pseudomonadaceae;g__Pseudomonas;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968717_bin.6_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968718 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Staphylococcus pasteuri

characteristic: organism

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

text: Staphylococcus pasteuri

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Bacillales;f__Staphylococcaceae;g__Staphylococcus;s__Staphylococcus pasteuri

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968718_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Streptococcus peroris

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Streptococcus peroris

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus peroris

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968718_bin.5_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968719 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Staphylococcus epidermidis

characteristic: organism

text: Staphylococcus epidermidis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Bacillales;f__Staphylococcaceae;g__Staphylococcus;s__Staphylococcus epidermidis

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968719_bin.13_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Streptococcus mitis

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Streptococcus mitis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus mitis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968719_bin.9_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968720 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Acinetobacter junii

characteristic: organism

text: Acinetobacter junii

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Moraxellaceae;g__Acinetobacter;s__Acinetobacter junii

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968720_bin.10_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Leptotrichia wadei

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Leptotrichia wadei

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Leptotrichiaceae;g__Leptotrichia;s__Leptotrichia wadei

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968720_bin.19_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title