characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968972 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Brevundimonas diminuta

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Brevundimonas diminuta

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Caulobacterales;f__Caulobacteraceae;g__Brevundimonas;s__Brevundimonas diminuta

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968972_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


status: PUBLIC

tag: attribute

characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

unit: DD

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Selenomonas noxia

characteristic: organism

text: Selenomonas noxia

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Selenomonadales;f__Selenomonadaceae;g__Selenomonas;s__Selenomonas noxia

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968972_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Microbacterium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Microbacterium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Micrococcales;f__Microbacteriaceae;g__Microbacterium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968972_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Campylobacter sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Campylobacter sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Epsilonproteobacteria;o__Campylobacterales;f__Campylobacteraceae;g__Campylobacter;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968972_bin.5_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968973 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Actinomycetaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Actinomycetaceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Actinomycetales;f__Actinomycetaceae;g__Schaalia;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968973_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968974 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Agrobacterium tumefaciens

characteristic: organism

text: Agrobacterium tumefaciens

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Hyphomicrobiales;f__Rhizobiaceae;g__Agrobacterium;s__Agrobacterium tumefaciens

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968974_bin.13_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Shinella sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Shinella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Hyphomicrobiales;f__Rhizobiaceae;g__Shinella;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968974_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Fusobacterium nucleatum

characteristic: organism

text: Fusobacterium nucleatum

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Fusobacteriaceae;g__Fusobacterium;s__Fusobacterium nucleatum

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968974_bin.22_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Brevundimonas sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Brevundimonas sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Alphaproteobacteria;o__Caulobacterales;f__Caulobacteraceae;g__Brevundimonas;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968974_bin.8_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968974_bin.9_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968975 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Gemella haemolysans

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Gemella haemolysans

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Bacillales;f__;g__Gemella;s__Gemella haemolysans

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968975_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968976 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Haemophilus parainfluenzae

characteristic: organism

text: Haemophilus parainfluenzae

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pasteurellales;f__Pasteurellaceae;g__Haemophilus;s__Haemophilus parainfluenzae

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968976_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Streptococcus oralis

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Streptococcus oralis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus oralis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968976_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968977 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Pseudomonas helleri

characteristic: organism

text: Pseudomonas helleri

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Pseudomonadaceae;g__Pseudomonas;s__Pseudomonas helleri

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968977_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968978 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968978_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968979 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Capnocytophaga sputigena

characteristic: organism

text: Capnocytophaga sputigena

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__Capnocytophaga sputigena

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968979_bin.1_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Kingella sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Kingella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Neisseriales;f__Neisseriaceae;g__Kingella;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968979_bin.10_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Pseudomonas reactans

characteristic: organism

text: Pseudomonas reactans

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Pseudomonadaceae;g__Pseudomonas;s__Pseudomonas reactans

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968979_bin.14_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Leptotrichia sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Leptotrichia sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Leptotrichiaceae;g__Leptotrichia;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968979_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968980 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Eikenella halliae

characteristic: organism

text: Eikenella halliae

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Neisseriales;f__Neisseriaceae;g__Eikenella;s__Eikenella halliae

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968980_bin.1_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968980_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Streptococcus gordonii

characteristic: organism

text: Streptococcus gordonii

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus gordonii

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968980_bin.4_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968982 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Candidatus Saccharibacteria;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968982_bin.11_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Pseudomonas monteilii

characteristic: organism

text: Pseudomonas monteilii

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Pseudomonadaceae;g__Pseudomonas;s__Pseudomonas monteilii

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968982_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Clostridium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Clostridiaceae;g__Clostridium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968982_bin.17_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968983 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Cardiobacterium sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Cardiobacterium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Cardiobacteriales;f__Cardiobacteriaceae;g__Cardiobacterium;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968983_bin.6_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968985 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Acinetobacter schindleri

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Acinetobacter schindleri

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pseudomonadales;f__Moraxellaceae;g__Acinetobacter;s__Acinetobacter schindleri

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968985_bin.25_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Oribacterium asaccharolyticum

characteristic: organism

text: Oribacterium asaccharolyticum

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Oribacterium;s__Oribacterium asaccharolyticum

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968985_bin.28_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Leptotrichia sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Leptotrichia sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Leptotrichiaceae;g__Leptotrichia;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968985_bin.5_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968986 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Actinomyces oris

characteristic: organism

text: Actinomyces oris

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Actinomycetales;f__Actinomycetaceae;g__Actinomyces;s__Actinomyces oris

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968986_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Fusobacterium nucleatum

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Fusobacterium nucleatum

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Fusobacteria;c__Fusobacteriia;o__Fusobacteriales;f__Fusobacteriaceae;g__Fusobacterium;s__Fusobacterium nucleatum

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968986_bin.9_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968987 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Porphyromonas catoniae

characteristic: organism

text: Porphyromonas catoniae

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Porphyromonadaceae;g__Porphyromonas;s__Porphyromonas catoniae

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968987_bin.11_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Stomatobaculum longum

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Stomatobaculum longum

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Stomatobaculum;s__Stomatobaculum longum

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968987_bin.18_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Anaerospora hongkongensis

characteristic: organism

text: Anaerospora hongkongensis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Selenomonadales;f__Sporomusaceae;g__Anaerospora;s__Anaerospora hongkongensis

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968987_bin.21_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968988 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Capnocytophaga sputigena

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Capnocytophaga sputigena

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__Capnocytophaga sputigena

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968988_bin.25_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968989 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Haemophilus haemolyticus

characteristic: organism

text: Haemophilus haemolyticus

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Gammaproteobacteria;o__Pasteurellales;f__Pasteurellaceae;g__Haemophilus;s__Haemophilus haemolyticus

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968989_bin.11_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Veillonella sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Veillonellales;f__Veillonellaceae;g__Veillonella;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968989_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Actinomyces sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Actinomyces sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Actinomycetales;f__Actinomycetaceae;g__Actinomyces;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968989_bin.6_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968989_bin.9_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968990 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Capnocytophaga sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Capnocytophaga sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968990_bin.32_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Campylobacter sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Campylobacter sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Epsilonproteobacteria;o__Campylobacterales;f__Campylobacteraceae;g__Campylobacter;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968990_bin.35_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Abiotrophia defectiva

characteristic: organism

text: Abiotrophia defectiva

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Aerococcaceae;g__Abiotrophia;s__Abiotrophia defectiva

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968990_bin.5_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968991 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Veillonellaceae bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Veillonellaceae bacterium

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Veillonellales;f__Veillonellaceae;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968991_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Lachnoanaerobaculum sp.

characteristic: organism

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

text: uncultured Lachnoanaerobaculum sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Lachnoanaerobaculum;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968991_bin.19_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Prevotella jejuni

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Prevotella jejuni

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Prevotellaceae;g__Prevotella;s__Prevotella jejuni

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968991_bin.22_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Neisseria cinerea

characteristic: organism

text: Neisseria cinerea

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Neisseriales;f__Neisseriaceae;g__Neisseria;s__Neisseria cinerea

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968991_bin.23_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Actinomyces graevenitzii

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Actinomyces graevenitzii

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Actinomycetales;f__Actinomycetaceae;g__Actinomyces;s__Actinomyces graevenitzii

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968991_bin.5_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Prevotella histicola

characteristic: organism

text: Prevotella histicola

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Bacteroidia;o__Bacteroidales;f__Prevotellaceae;g__Prevotella;s__Prevotella histicola

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968991_bin.7_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Atopobium sp.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Atopobium sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Coriobacteriia;o__Coriobacteriales;f__Atopobiaceae;g__Atopobium;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968991_bin.8_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968991 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Stomatobaculum longum

characteristic: organism

text: Stomatobaculum longum

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Clostridia;o__Eubacteriales;f__Lachnospiraceae;g__Stomatobaculum;s__Stomatobaculum longum

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968991_bin.9_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968992 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Kingella oralis

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Kingella oralis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Proteobacteria;c__Betaproteobacteria;o__Neisseriales;f__Neisseriaceae;g__Kingella;s__Kingella oralis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968992_bin.5_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968993 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Capnocytophaga sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Capnocytophaga sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968993_bin.15_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MaxBin2, MetaBat2, Concoct with default parameter of the metaWRAP pipeline. Bin refinement module used from metaWRAP with default parameters.

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Candidatus Saccharibacteria;c__;o__;f__;g__;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968993_bin.16_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968994 of study ERP139515.

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Veillonella parvula

characteristic: organism

text: Veillonella parvula

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Negativicutes;o__Veillonellales;f__Veillonellaceae;g__Veillonella;s__Veillonella parvula

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968994_bin.12_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: Streptococcus mitis

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: Streptococcus mitis

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__Streptococcus mitis

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968994_bin.3_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: Schaalia odontolytica

characteristic: organism

text: Schaalia odontolytica

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Actinobacteria;c__Actinomycetia;o__Actinomycetales;f__Actinomycetaceae;g__Schaalia;s__Schaalia odontolytica

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968994_bin.5_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

text: public

text: metaspades v3.15.3

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

text: human digestive system

characteristic: broad-scale environmental context

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: broker name

characteristic: common name

characteristic: completeness score

text: CheckM

characteristic: completeness software

characteristic: contamination score

text: This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) metagenome-assembled genome assembled from the metagenomic run ERR9968995 of study ERP139515.

text: plaque biofilm

characteristic: environmental medium

text: Australia

text: metagenome-assembled genome

characteristic: investigation type

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

characteristic: local environmental context

text: oral metagenome

characteristic: metagenomic source

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. We characterised the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigated its role in dental caries in 221 twin children sampled over the first decade of life. From 535 oral metagenomes, we identified 309 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which significantly clustered by age, with the influence of host genetics on antimicrobial resistance increasing over time. Our results suggest the mobilisation potential of ARGs increased with age as Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs as children grew. Dental caries compared to health was associated with a depletion of ARGs and species, which was reversed when restored. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the paediatric oral resistome, and its potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

characteristic: project name

characteristic: sample derived from

text: uncultured Streptococcus sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

characteristic: sequencing method

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Firmicutes;c__Bacilli;o__Lactobacillales;f__Streptococcaceae;g__Streptococcus;s__

characteristic: taxonomic classification

text: multi-marker approach

characteristic: taxonomic identity marker

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968995_bin.19_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG

characteristic: title


characteristic: ENA-CHECKLIST

characteristic: ENA-FIRST-PUBLIC

characteristic: ENA-LAST-UPDATE

characteristic: External Id

text: EMG

characteristic: INSDC center name

characteristic: INSDC first public

characteristic: INSDC last update

text: public

characteristic: INSDC status

characteristic: SRA accession

characteristic: Submitter Id

text: Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics

characteristic: assembly quality

text: metaspades v3.15.3

characteristic: assembly software

characteristic: binning parameters

text: MetaWRAP v1.3

characteristic: binning software

text: human digestive system

text: EBI-EMG

characteristic: collection date

text: CheckM

characteristic: description

text: plaque biofilm

text: Australia

characteristic: geographic location (country and/or sea)

characteristic: geographic location (latitude)

characteristic: geographic location (longitude)

text: metagenome-assembled genome

text: oral metagenome

text: oral cavity

text: oral metagenome

text: uncultured Capnocytophaga sp.

characteristic: organism

text: uncultured Capnocytophaga sp.

text: Illumina NovaSeq 6000

text: The taxonomy of this Metagenome-Assembled Genome was originally computed with GTDBtk, which assigned the following taxonomic annotation: d__Bacteria;p__Bacteroidetes;c__Flavobacteriia;o__Flavobacteriales;f__Flavobacteriaceae;g__Capnocytophaga;s__

text: multi-marker approach

text: Metagenome-Assembled Genome: ERR9968995_bin.2_MetaWRAP_v1.3_MAG