NIH_SPENDING_CATS: Biodefense and Related Countermeasures;Emerging Infectious Diseases;Infectious Diseases;Nutrition;Rare Diseases;Tuberculosis

ORG_CITY: ITHACA

ORG_NAME: CORNELL UNIVERSITY

PHR: Project Narrative Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of Tuberculosis and is responsible for approximately 1.6 million deaths annually. A key component of this disease is the bacterium’s ability to persist for long periods of time in the human host. This proposed research will characterize mechanisms involved in nutrient acquisition by the bacterium during infection. These studies will allow us to better understand lipid import and lipid utilization by M. tuberculosis while determining if these pathways have therapeutic potential.

PI_NAMEs: VANDERVEN, BRIAN C (contact)

PROGRAM_OFFICER_NAME: ROBINSON, RICHARD THOMAS

PROJECT_TERMS: Anti-Inflammatory Agents;Arachidonic Acids;ATP phosphohydrolase;Bacteria;bacterial fitness;Biochemical;Biochemical Pathway;Carbon;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Chemicals;Cholesterol;Chronic;chronic infection;Complex;Data;Dedications;Degradation Pathway;Dinoprostone;Disease;drug development;Drug Targeting;Eicosanoids;Enzymes;fatty acid transport;Fatty Acids;Funding;Genes;Genetic;genetic approach;Granuloma;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immune signaling;immunoregulation;in vivo;Infection;Knowledge;Lipids;Lung;Macrophage;Mediating;Metabolic;Metabolic Pathway;Modeling;mouse model;Mus;mutant;Mycobacterium tuberculosis;novel;Nutrient;nutrition;Operon;pathogen;Pathogenesis;pathogenic bacteria;Pathway interactions;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phenotype;Play;polyketides;Positioning Attribute;Process;Protein Subunits;Proteins;Research;Role;Source;Starvation;Substrate Specificity;System;Therapeutic;Time;Tuberculosis;Virulence;Virulence Factors;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Characterization of the nutrient assimilation pathways in M. tuberculosis

STUDY_SECTION: BACP

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Bacterial Pathogenesis Study Section[BACP]


ADMINISTERING_IC: VA

ARRA_FUNDED: N

FUNDING_MECHANISM: OTHERS

IC_NAME: Veterans Affairs

ORG_CITY: SAN DIEGO

ORG_COUNTRY: UNITED STATES

ORG_FIPS: US

ORG_NAME: VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

ORG_STATE: CA

PHR: Few suicide prevention interventions are customized for people with serious mental illnesses, and despite VA/DoD recommendations to include peers in suicide prevention, there are limited, if any, peer-delivered suicide prevention interventions. This CDA-2 proposal will refine and pilot SUicide Prevention by Peers Offering Recovery Tactics (SUPPORT), a novel peer-delivered, suicide-focused, integrated recovery program that is specifically tailored for Veterans with serious mental illnesses to enhance functional and social recovery following a suicidal crisis. The project will examine feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of SUPPORT in improving recovery, reducing severity of suicidal ideation, and enhancing Veteran functioning. This CDA-2 is the first step toward developing a vital program of research within VHA focused on enhancing functioning, participation in society, and suicide related care for Veterans with serious mental illness.

PI_NAMEs: CHALKER, SAMANTHA  (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: acceptability and feasibility;acute care;Address;Advocate;Aftercare;Ambulatory Care;Area;Award;Bipolar Disorder;brief intervention;Caring;Clinical;Clinical Practice Guideline;Clinical Services;Clinical Trials;Cognitive;Cognitive deficits;cognitive training;Communities;coping;Coping Skills;Counseling;design;Development;Diagnosis;Effectiveness;Elements;Evidence based practice;Exclusion;Exclusion Criteria;experience;Feeling suicidal;follow-up;Foundations;functional independence;Goals;Group Therapy;Hospitalization;Impaired cognition;improved;innovation;Interest Group;Intervention;Interview;Learning;learning strategy;Lived experience;Maps;Memory;Mental disorders;Mental Health;Mentors;Mentorship;Methodology;military veteran;Mission;Modeling;novel;Outcome;Participant;Patients;peer;Persons;Phase;pilot trial;prevent;Prevention Research;preventive intervention;primary outcome;programs;Protocols documentation;psychosocial;Psychotic Disorders;Public Health;Quality of life;Randomized, Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Recovery;recruit;Research;Research Personnel;retention rate;Risk Assessment;Safety;satisfaction;secondary outcome;Services;severe mental illness;Severities;Site;skills;skills training;social;Social Functioning;Social support;Societies;Specialist;standard care;standard of care;Statistical Methods;suicidal;suicidal behavior;suicidal risk;Suicide;Suicide prevention;suicide rate;Telephone;tool;Training;uptake;user centered design;Veterans;Woman

PROJECT_TITLE: A Novel Peer-Delivered Recovery-Focused Suicide Prevention Intervention for Veterans with Serious Mental Illness

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Career Development Program - Panel II[RRD9]


ORG_CITY: CHARLESTON

ORG_NAME: RALPH H JOHNSON VA MEDICAL CENTER

ORG_STATE: SC

PHR: Fatigue affects up to 92% of individuals post-stroke and contributes to decreased physical and cognitive function leading to a reduced quality of life. There are currently no effective evidence-based treatments for post-stroke fatigue partially due to the unknown pathophysiology of fatigue. While the exact mechanisms/pathophysiology of post-stroke fatigue are unknown, changes in the structure and function of the nervous system likely play prominent roles. Since post-stroke fatigue originates within the central nervous system, neuromodulatory therapies may prove to be an effective treatment option. This proposal will explore the utility of using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat post-stroke fatigue and attempt to further elucidate the biomarkers and pathophysiology of post-stroke fatigue. Fatigue is not unique to stroke and is common a common sequela of many neurological conditions. Gaining a better understanding of post-stroke fatigue may provide greater insights into fatigue in other conditions, e.g. traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Long-COVID.

PI_NAMEs: KINDRED, JOHN HARVEY (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Acceleration;active duty;Affect;American Heart Association;Anxiety;Appointment;Attention;Award;Behavior;Bilateral;Bioenergetics;Biological Markers;career;career development;Caregivers;Central Nervous System;Characteristics;Chronic Fatigue Syndrome;chronic stroke;Cladribine;Clinical;Clinical assessments;Cognition Disorders;cognitive function;Coin;college;Colorado;Communities;Contract Services;cost;Data;Development;Diagnostic;Dimensions;disability;Doctor of Philosophy;effective intervention;effective therapy;Effectiveness;efficacy testing;Environment;evidence base;Evidence based treatment;experience;expiration;Fatigue;FDA approved;Foundations;Frequencies;frontal lobe;Functional disorder;Glutamates;Goals;Human;improved;Individual;insight;Intervention;K-Series Research Career Programs;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Left;Lesion;Location;Long COVID;Lower Extremity;Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy;Manuscripts;marine;Measures;Medical;Medical center;member;Mental Depression;Mental disorders;Mentorship;Methods;military veteran;Motor;Motor Cortex;multidisciplinary;Multiple Sclerosis;Nature;Nervous System;Nervous System Disorder;Nervous System Physiology;neural circuit;Neurocognitive;neuroimaging;Neurologic;neurophysiology;neuropsychiatry;neuroregulation;noninvasive brain stimulation;Nonpharmacologic Therapy;novel;novel therapeutic intervention;Peer Review;Performance;Persons;pharmacologic;Physical activity;Physical Function;Physiologic pulse;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;post stroke;Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders;Postdoctoral Fellow;Prefrontal Cortex;Prevalence;programs;Psyche structure;psychologic;Publications;Publishing;Quality of life;Recording of previous events;rehabilitation research;Rehabilitation therapy;repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation;Research;research and development;Research Personnel;response;Role;Scientist;Services;Severities;Signal Transduction;skills;social;South Carolina;statistics;Stroke;stroke rehabilitation;Structure;System;Testing;Therapeutic;therapy design;tool;Training;Transcranial magnetic stimulation;Traumatic Brain Injury;United States;Universities;Update;Upper Extremity;Veterans;Veterans Health Administration;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Neuromodulation for Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Fatigue: An rTMS Pilot Study

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Career Development Program - Panel I[RRD8]


FUNDING_MECHANISM: NON-SBIR/STTR RPGS

ORG_CITY: HOUSTON

ORG_NAME: MICHAEL E DEBAKEY VA MEDICAL CENTER

ORG_STATE: TX

PHR: Obesity affects more veterans than the general population and even more so among veterans using VA health care services. Moreover, the number of obese older veterans has markedly increased because of both the increase in the aging of the veteran population and the percentage of older veterans who are obese. In older veterans, obesity aggravates the age-related decline in physical function resulting in frailty that leads to loss of independence in activities of daily living. However, lifestyle therapy resulting in weight loss in obese older adults remains controversial because of concerns about harmful effects of weight loss on muscle and bone mass in this population. Metformin, a drug widely used to treat diabetes, could slow the aging process and improve health span, the part of a person’s life during which they are in good health. It is possible that the addition of metformin to lifestyle therapy will reverse frailty and preserve muscle and bone mass in obese older veterans, thereby prevent their loss of independence and decrease need for admission to a VA nursing home care.

PI_NAMEs: VILLAREAL, DENNIS T. (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Activities of Daily Living;Admission activity;adult obesity;Affect;age acceleration;age related;age related decline;Aging;aging process;Anabolism;Animals;Biguanides;Blood;Body mass index;Body Weight decreased;bone;Bone Density;bone mass;bone quality;Cell Aging;Cell Cycle Arrest;Chronic;Clinical;comparative efficacy;Data;Diabetes Mellitus;Diet;Drug usage;Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry;Elderly;Exercise;exercise training;extend lifespan;Failure;Finite Element Analysis;Frail Elderly;frailty;functional independence;functional loss;functional outcomes;functional status;Future;Gait speed;General Population;Goals;Head;head-to-head comparison;Health;health care service;Health Personnel;Healthcare Systems;healthspan;high risk population;Home Nursing Care;Human;human old age (65+);Immunohistochemistry;Impairment;improved;Intervention;lean body mass;Length;Life;life span;lifestyle intervention;Lifestyle Therapy;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Mediating;Medical;Metformin;military veteran;mortality;multi-component intervention;Muscle;muscle form;muscle strength;Muscular Atrophy;Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus;novel;Nursing Homes;obese patients;Obesity;Obesity Epidemic;Observational Study;older adult;older patient;Older Population;Oral;Osteopenia;Outcome;Overweight;Performance;performance tests;Peripheral;Persons;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phenotype;Physical Function;Physical Performance;Placebo Control;Population;preservation;Prevalence;prevent;programs;Quality of life;Randomized, Controlled Trials;Recommendation;reduced muscle mass;Reporting;Resolution;response;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Risk;sarcopenia;sarcopenic obesity;secondary analysis;senescence;senescence associated secretory phenotype;senescent cell;Skeletal Muscle;standard care;standard of care;telomere;Testing;Thigh structure;treatment group;Uncertainty;Veterans;Veterans Health Administration;Weight Gain;Weight maintenance regimen;Western Blotting;X-Ray Computed Tomography

PROJECT_TITLE: Lifestyle Intervention plus Metformin to Treat Frailty in Older Veterans with Obesity


ORG_CITY: ANN ARBOR

ORG_NAME: VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

ORG_STATE: MI

PHR: PROJECT NARRATIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent condition that is significantly greater in Veterans and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Natural killer cells (NKs) are innate cells that are highly cytotoxic in COPD subjects and are suspected of driving parenchymal destruction. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are able to suppress NK cytotoxicity, but lung Tregs are decreased in COPD. This project will investigate whether targeted transfer of autologous Tregs could be used to control lung NKs in COPD. The study will use human circulating Tregs and autologous lung NKs from subjects with no airway obstruction (NAO) and subjects with COPD to determine the potential of Treg therapy in vitro. A murine model of cigarette smoke exposure will also be used to model Treg therapy in an in vivo setting. Successful completion of this study will determine whether functional regulation of NKs by Tregs in the lungs might be beneficial to prevent or treat COPD resulting from cigarette smoke.

PI_NAMEs: BASMAJIAN, CHRISTINE M. (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: adaptive immune response;Address;Adoptive Transfer;Affect;airway obstruction;Animal Model;Apoptosis;Apoptotic;Area;Autoimmune Diseases;Autologous;Automobile Driving;Back;Biological Assay;Biological Process;Blood specimen;CASP3 gene;Cell Death;Cell Physiology;cell type;Cells;Chronic Inflammatory Infiltrate;Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease;cigarette smoke;Clinical Trials;Coculture Techniques;cytotoxic;cytotoxicity;Data;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Environment;Epithelial Cells;exposure to cigarette smoke;FOXP3 gene;functional plasticity;functional restoration;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Goals;Human;Immunity;Immunologic Surveillance;Immunotherapy;improved;In Vitro;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;Inflammation;inflammatory milieu;inhibitor;Innate Immune Response;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Link;Lung;lung injury;Measures;Mediating;Memory;migration;Modeling;Morbidity - disease rate;mortality;mouse model;mRNA Expression;Mus;Natural Killer Cell toxicity;Natural Killer Cells;NCAM1 gene;novel;novel therapeutic intervention;novel therapeutics;Organ Transplantation;overexpression;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;peripheral blood;Phenotype;Population;pre-clinical;prevent;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Publishing;Pulmonary Emphysema;pulmonary function;Regulation;Regulatory T-Lymphocyte;Role;Sampling;SIRT1 gene;Smoker;Smoking;smoking cessation;Stains;Structure of parenchyma of lung;T cell therapy;T-Lymphocyte;T-Lymphocyte Subsets;targeted treatment;Testing;therapeutically effective;Translations;trial design;tumor;Veterans

PROJECT_TITLE: Regulatory T Cell Inhibition of Natural Killer Cells in COPD


ORG_CITY: MINNEAPOLIS

ORG_NAME: MINNEAPOLIS VA  MEDICAL CENTER

ORG_STATE: MN

PHR: More than 2.7 million military personnel have been deployed to southwest Asia (Iraq, Afghanistan, and neighboring countries) since 2001. During deployment, these veterans were exposed to levels of airborne pollution that were approximately 10 times higher than pollution levels in the US. Afterwards, deployed veterans reported more chronic lung symptoms (coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath) than were reported by non-deployed veterans. Airborne pollution is known to cause and worsen lung symptoms and lung diseases. How airborne pollution causes lung problems is not fully understood. Our results may identify a new mechanism—the human microbiota—whereby airborne pollution leads to lung disease. Discovery of a new lung disease mechanism may identify veterans at high risk of developing lung disease after deployment. Our work may also suggest new targets for treatment or prevention of lung disease in this high-risk veteran population.

PI_NAMEs: PRAGMAN, ALEXA A (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Acute;Affect;Afghanistan;Airborne Particulate Matter;airway inflammation;Ancillary Study;Area;Asthma;Autoimmunity;Award;beta diversity;Biological Models;Boston;burn pit;Case/Control Studies;Chronic;Chronic Disease;Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease;Classification;Cohort Studies;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;cooperative study;Coughing;Country;Data;Disease;Doctor of Medicine;Doctor of Philosophy;dust storms;dysbiosis;Epithelium;Exposure to;Feces;fine particles;Funding;Guidelines;gut microbiota;Health;high risk;high risk population;human microbiota;human model;immune activation;Immune response;Immune Tolerance;Immunity;Industrialization;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;inflammatory marker;Iraq;K-Series Research Career Programs;Link;Literature;Lung;Lung Diseases;lung health;lung microbiota;Measures;Mediating;Mediator;Medical History;microbial;microbiota;microorganism;Military Personnel;military veteran;Minnesota;Oral;Organ;Participant;Particulate Matter;Pathway interactions;patient oriented;Persons;Phenotype;Physicians;pollutant;Pollution;Population;Prevention;Primary Prevention;professor;prospective;Publications;Publishing;pulmonary function;Pulmonary Inflammation;pulmonary symptom;recruit;Reporting;Research;research and development;Resources;respiratory;Respiratory Disease;respiratory microbiota;Respiratory Signs and Symptoms;Risk;Risk Factors;Rodent Model;saliva sample;Sampling;Schedule;Seasons;Secondary Prevention;Services;Shortness of Breath;Site;Smoke;Sputum;stool sample;Structure of parenchyma of lung;Symptoms;systemic inflammatory response;Tissues;United States Environmental Protection Agency;Universities;Veterans;Wheezing;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Microbial Dysbiosis Among Veterans Following Deployment-Related Airborne Exposures


ORG_CITY: PITTSBURGH

ORG_STATE: PA

PHR: Contrast-associated acute kidney injury occurs frequently after coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Although, periprocedural administration of intravenous fluid, has been the standard intervention to prevent contrast- associated acute kidney injury, patients with congestive heart failure may not tolerate intravenous fluid. Unfortunately, there is no alternative therapy to prevent contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients with congestive heart failure. This project will determine the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on contrast-associated acute kidney injury in Veterans with congestive heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction who cannot tolerate intravenous fluid. It will characterize the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on functional capacity and major adverse kidney events in Veterans with congestive heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction undergoing coronary angiography.

PI_NAMEs: OLAFIRANYE, OLADIPUPO  (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Activities of Daily Living;Acute Renal Failure with Renal Papillary Necrosis;Adult;Alternative Therapies;Angiography;Blood flow;Blood Pressure;Blood Vessels;Brain natriuretic peptide;Cardiac;Cell Cycle Arrest;Cessation of life;clinical practice;Clinical Trials;Complication;Congestive Heart Failure;contrast enhanced;Contrast Media;cooperative study;Coronary;Coronary Angiography;Coronary Arteriosclerosis;cost;Cytoprotection;Data;Data Analyses;design;Diagnosis;Diagnostic Imaging;Double-Blind Method;Elderly;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exclusion;Exposure to;Free Radicals;Generations;Growth;Heart;Heart failure;Heart Rate;Helicopter;hemodynamics;high risk;Hospital Mortality;Hospitalization;imaging study;improved;Incidence;Intervention;Intravenous;intravenous administration;Ischemia;ischemic injury;Ischemic Preconditioning;Isotonic Exercise;IV Fluid;Kidney;kidney cell;kidney dysfunction;Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction;Length of Stay;Life;Limb structure;Long-Term Effects;media use;Mediating;military veteran;Molecular;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;mortality;Multicenter Trials;Myocardial;Myocardial Infarction;Nature;Nitrites;novel therapeutics;Organ;Outcome;Participant;patient population;Patients;percutaneous coronary intervention;Persons;Plasma;Population;pressure;Prevalence;prevent;Prevention;Preventive therapy;primary outcome;Procedures;Process;programs;prophylactic;Proteins;Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials;randomized, clinical trials;renal ischemia;Renal Replacement Therapy;Reperfusion Therapy;Research Project Grants;Risk;Role;Safety;Saline;secondary outcome;Serum;Subgroup;Symptoms;Testing;Time;Toxic effect;Translations;Tubular formation;United States Department of Veterans Affairs;vasoconstriction;Vasodilation;Veterans;Walking

PROJECT_TITLE: Remote ischemic preconditioning for renal and cardiac protection in congestive heart failure (RICH) trial


ORG_CITY: NEW ORLEANS

ORG_NAME: SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA VETERANS HEALTH CARE

ORG_STATE: LA

PHR: PROJECT NARRATIVE  The proposed research is relevant to women veterans and public health because it focuses on developing novel and alternative strategies to treat or prevent metabolic dysfunction and associated comorbidities in postmenopausal women with prediabetes and early diabetes. Once such strategies have been established, there is the potential for momentous progress in prevention or treatment of estrogen deficiency-induced metabolic dysfunction, ultimately decreasing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Thus, the proposed research is relevant to the part of the VA's Research mission that refers to improving Veterans' health and well-being by reducing disease and disability.

PI_NAMEs: LOVRE, DRAGANA  (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Age;Applications Grants;Area;Award;Basic Science;Beta Cell;blood glucose regulation;Cardiovascular Diseases;cardiovascular disorder risk;Cardiovascular system;career;Cause of Death;Cell Physiology;Clinical;Clinical Research;Clinical Trials;Communication;comorbidity;Conjugated Estrogens;Data;Development;Diabetes Mellitus;disability;Disease;effective therapy;Effectiveness;efficacy validation;Endocrinologist;Environment;Estrogen deficiency;Estrogen Therapy;Estrogens;Evolution;expectation;Fasting;Fatty Acids;Fatty Liver;FDA approved;Future;Glucose;Goals;Gonadal Steroid Hormones;Health;Healthcare Systems;Hepatic;Hepatocyte;High Risk Woman;Homeostasis;human female;Hyperlipidemia;Hypertriglyceridemia;improved;Innovative Therapy;insight;insulin secretion;islet;K-Series Research Career Programs;Knowledge;Life Expectancy;lipid biosynthesis;lipid metabolism;lipidomics;Lipids;Louisiana;menopausal hormone therapy;Menopausal Symptom;Menopause;Mentors;Metabolic dysfunction;Metabolic syndrome;Mission;Molecular;non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus;novel;novel therapeutics;Obesity;Oral;Personal Satisfaction;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postmenopause;Prediabetes syndrome;Predisposition;Premature Menopause;prevent;Prevention;Production;programs;prospective;Public Health;Research;Research Design;Research Technics;Risk Factors;Science;Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators;Serum;skills;Time;Training;Translational Research;translational scientist;Triglycerides;Very low density lipoprotein;Veterans;Woman;Women's mortality;women's treatment;Writing

PROJECT_TITLE: Effects of Novel Estrogens on Glucose and Lipids in Postmenopausal Prediabetic Women Veterans


ORG_CITY: St. Louis

ORG_NAME: ST. LOUIS VA MEDICAL CENTER

ORG_STATE: MO

PHR: Project Narrative Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder strongly linked to advancing age that ultimately results in decline in mobility and thinking. Approximately 100,000 veterans with PD receive care from the Department of Veterans Affairs, and this number is expected to grow in the coming decades. Inflammation in the brain may play an important role in the progression of these impairments, but we lack easily accessible tools to identify and measure inflammation in the brain. The main goal of this project is to use a novel brain imaging test, diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI), to examine brain inflammation in veterans with PD. We will compare DBSI to other measures of inflammation and use it to predict clinical progression in PD. This will help us understand the role of inflammation in PD and lead to development of a readily-available, noninvasive brain imaging measure of inflammation, which will be useful in clinical trials of agents that target the immune system.

PI_NAMEs: WHITE, ROBERT L (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: adaptive immune response;Adaptive Immune System;Affect;age related neurodegeneration;alpha synuclein;Alzheimer's Disease;Anatomy;Animal Model;Astrocytes;Autopsy;axon injury;Binding;Biological Markers;biomarker validation;Blood;Brain;Brain Diseases;Brain imaging;Brain region;brain tissue;Calcium Binding;Caring;catalyst;Cell Fraction;Cells;Cellularity;Cerebrospinal Fluid;Clinical;clinical application;clinical predictors;Clinical Trials;Clonal Expansion;Cognition Disorders;Cognitive;cognitive function;cognitive impairment in Parkinson's;Cyclotrons;Data;Dementia;Development;diagnostic biomarker;Diffusion;Disease;Disease Progression;dopaminergic neuron;Edema;Elderly;Encephalitis;Evaluation;experience;Flow Cytometry;Formalin;Functional disorder;Genetic Transcription;glial activation;Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein;Gliosis;Goals;Histologic;Histopathology;Hospitals;Human;imaging biomarker;imaging modality;Imaging Techniques;Immune response;Immune system;Immune Targeting;immunohistochemical markers;Immunohistochemistry;Impaired cognition;Impairment;improved;in vivo;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Innate Immune Response;Innate Immune System;interest;Investigation;ionization;Life;Link;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Measurement;Measures;Methods;Microglia;Mobility decline;Monitor;Motor;motor disorder;motor symptom;Movement;Multiple Sclerosis;Nerve Degeneration;Nervous System Disorder;neuroimaging;neuroinflammation;neuropathology;new therapeutic target;non-demented;non-motor symptom;novel;novel therapeutics;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Parkinsonian Disorders;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pathologic;Pathologic Processes;Pathology;patient stratification;peripheral blood;Persons;Phenotype;Play;Population;Positron-Emission Tomography;progressive neurodegeneration;prospective;Proteins;Radiation exposure;recruit;Research;response;Role;Severity of illness;single-cell RNA sequencing;Source;Specimen;spectrograph;Staging;Stains;Standardization;Structure;Substantia nigra structure;Surrogate Markers;T cell response;T-Lymphocyte;targeted agent;Testing;therapy development;Thinking;Tissues;tool;Tremor;United States Department of Veterans Affairs;United States Food and Drug Administration;Variant;Veterans

PROJECT_TITLE: Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging for Measurement of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson Disease


PHR: The goal of this study is to validate a 3D Short TR Adiabatic Inversion Recovery UTE (STAIR-UTE) sequence for myelin imaging, and a 3D UTE quantitative susceptibility mapping (3D UTE-QSM) technique for iron imaging, then characterize longitudinal changes in demyelination and iron accumulation in brains of mice subjected to open-field low-intensity blast (LIB), and finally apply the 3D STAIR-UTE and UTE-QSM techniques to evaluate cross-sectional changes in demyelination and iron accumulation in two groups of Veterans, one group with history of mTBI and the other group with no history of mTBI.

PI_NAMEs: DU, JIANG  (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: 3-Dimensional;Affect;Anxiety;Axon;axon injury;Axonal Transport;behavior test;Behavioral;Blast Injuries;Brain;C57BL/6 Mouse;Cadaver;Clinical;Cognitive;combat;Complex;Data;Demyelinations;density;Deposition;Detection;diagnostic value;Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Emotional;Equilibrium;Evaluation;executive function;Exposure to;Goals;Health;Hemorrhage;Hemosiderin;Histology;Human;Image;Imaging Techniques;Injury;Iron;Iron Overload;Learning;Macrophage;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;magnetic resonance imaging biomarker;Maps;Measures;Memory;mild traumatic brain injury;military veteran;Modeling;Monitor;Morphology;Motor Activity;mouse model;Mus;Myelin;Myelin Water Imaging;Nervous System Physiology;Neurodegenerative Disorders;neuroimaging;Neurologic;Neurons;Neuropsychology;Pathologic;Physiologic pulse;Predisposition;prognostic value;Protons;psychologic;Recording of previous events;Recovery;Reference Standards;remyelination;research clinical testing;Safety;service member;Signal Transduction;Specimen;Symptoms;System;targeted treatment;Techniques;Therapeutic;Time;Traumatic Brain Injury;Veterans;Water;white matter

PROJECT_TITLE: Developing MRI Biomarkers of Myelin and Iron in Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury


ADMINISTERING_IC: AI

ED_INST_TYPE: SCHOOLS OF MEDICINE

IC_NAME: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES

NIH_SPENDING_CATS: Antimicrobial Resistance;Genetics;Infectious Diseases;Malaria;Orphan Drug;Rare Diseases;Vector-Borne Diseases

ORG_CITY: WASHINGTON

ORG_DEPT: BIOCHEMISTRY

ORG_NAME: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY

ORG_STATE: DC

PHR: Project Narrative Mutations in the pfcrt gene has been linked to resistance to antimalarial drugs, and at least 61 PfCRT protein isoforms have been found across the globe. This project quantitatively compares the function of novel PfCRT isoforms associated with a new form of drug resistance (“MDRdcp”), using yeast and malarial parasite model systems, and will solve structures of these proteins via cryoEM and synthetically evolved nanobody (SEN) methods.

PI_NAMEs: ROEPE, PAUL D. (contact)

PROGRAM_OFFICER_NAME: MO, ANNIE X  Y

PROJECT_TERMS: Affect;Africa;Amino Acid Substitution;Amodiaquine;analog;Anti-malarial drug resistance;Anti-malarials;Artemisinins;Asia;benflumetol;Binding;Biological Models;Chemicals;Chloroquine;Chloroquine resistance;Combined Modality Therapy;Cryoelectron Microscopy;Data;Diagnosis;Drug resistance;Drug Transport;Drug usage;Engineering;Falciparum Malaria;Genes;Genetic;Geography;imaging modality;improved;Laboratories;Link;live cell imaging;Malaria;Mediating;Methods;Molecular;molecular dynamics;Multi-Drug Resistance;mutant;Mutation;nanobodies;novel;Parasite resistance;Parasites;Pattern;PfCRT protein;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pharmacotherapy;Phenotype;Physiology;Plasmodium falciparum;Policies;preference;pressure;Production;Protein Biochemistry;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;proteoliposomes;quinoline;Recombinant Proteins;reconstitution;Resistance;Resistance development;resistant Plasmodium falciparum;resistant strain;Resolution;Reverse engineering;reverse genetics;South American;southeast Asian;structural biology;Structure;success;Testing;Yeasts

PROJECT_TITLE: The Function of Antimalarial Drug Resistance Proteins

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-AIDC-Y(83)]


NIH_SPENDING_CATS: Genetics

ORG_CITY: SCOTTSDALE

ORG_NAME: MAYO CLINIC ARIZONA

ORG_STATE: AZ

PHR: PROJECT NARRATIVE Nearly every stage of T cell development critically depend on Tcf-1, a multifunctional protein, expressed in distinct isoforms, that regulates of the chromatin landscape, conformation and gene expression. The proposed studies will address the hypothesis that Tcf-1 participates in distinct regulatory protein complexes and cooperates with Lef-1 and HEB to dynamically modulate chromatin conformation and expression profiles that guide thymocyte development. Determining how these regulators co-ordinate to establish epigenetic and chromatin conformation states will provide a novel and comprehensive molecular model of how DP thymocyte programs are modulated.

PI_NAMEs: GOUNARI, FOTINI  (contact)

PROGRAM_OFFICER_NAME: PRABHUDAS, MERCY R

PROJECT_TERMS: 3-Dimensional;Ablation;beta catenin;Binding;Binding Proteins;Binding Sites;CD8B1 gene;cdc Genes;Cell Lineage;Cell Proliferation;Cells;Chromatin;Chromatin Structure;Complex;Data;Development;Developmental Process;Differentiated Gene;Disease;DNA;DNA Binding;DNA Binding Domain;DNA Sequence;DNA-Binding Proteins;E-Box Elements;Enhancers;Epigenetic Process;Eukaryota;Event;Family;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;gene repression;Genes;genetic regulatory protein;Genetic Transcription;genome-wide;Goals;Immune;Immunity;Individual;Internet;Knowledge;Length;Literature;lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1;Mediating;member;Molecular;Molecular Conformation;molecular modeling;Mus;Mutate;novel;Nuclear;Outcome;Process;programs;promoter;Promoter Regions;protein complex;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;recruit;Regulation;Regulatory Element;Research;Role;Series;Shapes;Site;T cell differentiation;T cell transcription factor 1;T-Cell Development;T-Lymphocyte;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;thymocyte;Thymocyte Development;Thymus Gland;Tissues

PROJECT_TITLE: Molecular functions of Tcf-1 in DP thymocytes

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IMM-J(03)]


PHR: Peripheral nerve damage can result from traumatic injury to the limbs or as a secondary outcome following cervical spinal cord injury. Functional recovery from nerve damage is often poor, resulting in impaired motor function, sensory loss, and pain; the prognosis for recovery further deteriorates with time. We propose novel quantitative ultrasound (US)- and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based strategies to provide a quantitative, high-resolution assessment of nerve quality that will guide and improve a surgeon’s diagnosis of the extent of nerve damage, his/her decision on what type of surgery to perform, and his/her ability to predict and monitor the success of the nerve repair.

PI_NAMEs: SHAH, SAMEER B. (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Acute;Anatomy;Architecture;Axon;Biological;Biomechanics;Cadaver;Carpal Tunnel Syndrome;Cervical spinal cord injury;Chronic;Clinic;Clinical;clinical efficacy;Complex;Data;Decision Making;Deterioration;Development;Diagnosis;Disease;efficacy testing;Environment;Excision;experience;Extracellular Matrix;Fascicle;functional outcomes;Funding;General Population;Geometry;Growth;Human;human model;iatrogenic injury;Image;imaging approach;Imaging Techniques;improved;Individual;Injury;injury and repair;innovation;limb injury;Limb structure;long term recovery;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;median nerve;Medical Imaging;Methods;military veteran;Modality;Modeling;Monitor;Morphology;motor impairment;Muscle;Muscular Atrophy;muscular structure;Myelin;Natural regeneration;Nerve;nerve damage;Nerve Degeneration;nerve injury;Nerve Regeneration;nerve repair;Nerve Transfer;neuromuscular;Neuromuscular Diseases;Neuropathy;novel;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Pain;patient population;Patients;peripheral nerve damage;Peripheral nerve injury;peripheral nerve regeneration;Peripheral Nerves;Physical therapy;pre-clinical;predictive tools;Prognosis;prognostic tool;prospective;Prospective Studies;Protocols documentation;quantitative ultrasound;Rattus;Recovery;Recovery of Function;regenerative;Rehabilitation therapy;repaired;Research;Resolution;sciatic nerve injury;secondary outcome;Sensory;Soldier;Spinal cord injury;Structure;Structure of ulnar nerve;success;Surgeon;System;Testing;Time;Tissues;tool;Traumatic injury;Ultrasonography;ultrasound;Veterans;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Medical Imaging of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair


PHR: Neuropsychological and neurobehavioral outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are considerably heterogeneous, and despite there being an “expected” recovery, there are many individual factors that can influence post-injury outcome. While extensive effort has been placed on delineating the impact of various environmental contributions on TBI outcome, the literature pertaining to neurobiological underpinnings of poor clinical outcome in the aftermath of TBI is comparatively limited. The proposed study seeks to use data from the Million Veteran Program—a very large genetic and clinical database—to examine the influence of genetic factors and neuroendocrine abnormalities on cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in Veterans with TBI histories. Determining the extent to which underlying neurobiological factors contribute to post-injury outcome would offer critical information to healthcare providers and patients, and findings could have profound relevance to treatments that are currently being developed and optimized using a personalized approach to medicine.

PI_NAMEs: MERRITT, VICTORIA C. (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Acute;Adopted;Adult;Alleles;Alzheimer's Disease;Amnesia;apolipoprotein E-4;Baseline Surveys;Big Data;Biological Factors;Biological Markers;Biometry;Bipolar Disorder;Brain;Brain Injuries;Candidate Disease Gene;care outcomes;career;Characteristics;Childhood;Chronic;Classification;Clinical;clinical database;clinically relevant;Cognition;Cognition Disorders;Cognitive;cognitive testing;cohort;combat;comparative;Competence;Complex;cost;Data;Dementia;Demographic Factors;Development;Diagnosis;Disabling;Disparate;Dose;Education;Electronic Health Record;executive function;expectation;experience;Familiarity;Fellowship;Frequencies;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Databases;Genetic Markers;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Genetic study;genome wide association study;genome-wide;Genotype;Goals;Head circumference;Headache;health care service utilization;Health Personnel;Healthcare Systems;Heritability;Individual;Infant;Informatics;Infrastructure;Injury;Intelligence;interest;K-Series Research Career Programs;Learning;life span;Life Style;Literature;Major Depressive Disorder;Medical;Medicine;Memory;Mental disorders;Mentorship;Methods;mild traumatic brain injury;Military Personnel;military veteran;Modeling;Moods;Multiple Trauma;neurobehavioral;Neurobehavioral Manifestations;Neurobiology;Neurocognitive;neurocognitive disorder;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neuroendocrinology;neuropsychiatry;Neuropsychology;Neurosecretory Systems;observational cohort study;Outcome;Outcome Measure;Patients;Pattern;Performance;personalized approach;Persons;Phenotype;Play;polygenic risk score;Postdoctoral Fellow;precision medicine;Preparation;Process;programs;psychiatric comorbidity;Psychiatric Diagnosis;psychiatric symptom;psychosocial;Quality of life;Recording of previous events;Recovery;Research;Research Personnel;response;Risk;Role;Sample Size;Sampling;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Sleep disturbances;Surveys;Symptoms;Techniques;Testing;tool;Training;trait;Traumatic Brain Injury;Unconscious State;Veterans;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Examination of Biological Markers Associated with Neurobehavioral and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Military Veterans with a History of Traumatic Brain Injury


ORG_CITY: MADISON

ORG_NAME: WM S. MIDDLETON MEMORIAL VETERANS HOSP

ORG_STATE: WI

PHR: Smoking is a common and treatable addictive disorder that remains the leading preventable cause of death and disease. Veterans smoke at a higher rate than the US population, and therefore suffer disproportionately from smoking–related illness. The VA offers evidence-based cessation treatments for smokers who are willing to quit. However, at any point in time, the great majority of smokers are not willing to make a quit attempt. Thus, most Veterans who smoke leave VA healthcare visits without treatment for their tobacco dependence. This project will generate new knowledge about the effectiveness of an intervention designed to enhance smoking treatment use and long-term abstinence in smokers initially unwilling to quit. Results from this project will offer the VA a blueprint for motivating more smokers to use evidence-based treatment and quit successfully, thereby decreasing smoking-related death and disease.

PI_NAMEs: COOK, JESSICA MEGAN (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: 2 arm randomized control trial;Abstinence;Acceleration;addiction;Address;Affect;behavior change;Biochemical;brief advice;Caring;Cause of Death;Cessation of life;Chronic Care;Clinic Visits;Clinical;clinical practice;cost;cost effectiveness;Counseling;Data;design;disability;Disease;Economics;effective therapy;Effectiveness;Effectiveness of Interventions;effectiveness testing;Elements;Eligibility Determination;Evaluation;evidence base;Evidence based intervention;Evidence based treatment;Gender;Health;Health Care Visit;Health Services Accessibility;Healthcare;hybrid type 1 design;implementation efforts;implementation research;improved;information gathering;innovation;Intervention;Knowledge;long term abstinence;Maintenance;Methods;Morbidity - disease rate;mortality;motivational intervention;Participant;Patients;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Population;premature;primary outcome;programs;psychiatric comorbidity;Public Health;Race;Randomized;Readiness;Recommendation;Research;routine practice;satisfaction;Smoke;Smoker;Smoking;smoking abstinence;smoking cessation;Smoking Cessation Intervention;smoking prevalence;Smoking treatment;standard care;success;successful intervention;therapy design;Time;Tobacco;Tobacco Dependence;Tobacco use;treatment strategy;United States;Veterans

PROJECT_TITLE: Identifying Effective Treatment for Veterans Unwilling to Quit Smoking


ORG_CITY: LEEDS

ORG_NAME: NORTHAMPTON VA MEDICAL CENTER

ORG_STATE: MA

PHR: The proposed research will help us to enhance and tailor our treatments for women Veterans with alcohol misuse, with and without co-occurring PTSD. The importance of understanding, and identifying strategies to reduce, stress-induced drinking among women Veterans is critical because (1) stressful events and acute trauma create a more influential pathway to alcohol misuse among women compared to men, and (2) women experience serious health and interpersonal consequences due to alcohol misuse, over a shorter period of time, compared to men (a phenomenon referred to as “telescoping”). Given that the rates of problem drinking are quickly rising among women, research that informs the enhancement and personalization care for this population is needed. Ultimately, interventions for women’s alcohol misuse and other behavioral health conditions may be personalized by directly teaching emotion regulation and directly targeting fluctuations in, or low levels of, progesterone.

PI_NAMEs: HOLZHAUER, CATHRYN GLANTON (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Acceleration;Acute;addiction;Alcohol abuse;Alcohol consumption;alcohol craving;alcohol misuse;alcohol use disorder;Alcohols;Allopregnanolone;Arousal;Behavior Control;Behavioral;behavioral health;career development;Caring;Clinical;Cognitive;cognitive control;cognitive process;cognitive reappraisal;comparison control;Control Groups;coping;craving;Data Collection;design;Development;drinking;drinking behavior;Educational process of instructing;Effectiveness;emotion regulation;Emotions;Exhibits;experience;Female;Goals;Grant;Health;heart rate variability;high risk;Homelessness;Hormonal;improved;Influentials;innovation;Intervention;K-Series Research Career Programs;Knowledge;Laboratories;Laboratory Finding;Learning;male;Measures;Medical;men;Menstrual cycle;Mental Health;Mentors;Metabolism;Methodology;Methods;military veteran;Neurobiology;novel;novel strategies;Outcome;Outcome Measure;Outcome Study;Ovarian hormone;Participant;Pathway interactions;personalized care;personalized medicine;Persons;Phase;Physiological;Pilot Projects;Population;Populations at Risk;Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders;prevent;Process;Progesterone;programs;Protocols documentation;psychiatric comorbidity;Randomized;randomized trial;Research;Research Methodology;Research Personnel;response;Schedule;Serum;Severities;skills;statistics;Strategic Planning;Stress;stress reactivity;stress reduction;Stressful Event;stressor;substance misuse;substance use;suicidal;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Training;Trauma;Treatment Effectiveness;Underserved Population;Veterans;Veterans Health Administration;Woman;women versus men;Women's Health;women's treatment

PROJECT_TITLE: Understanding and targeting stress reactivity in women Veterans with alcohol misuse


ORG_CITY: PHILADELPHIA

ORG_NAME: PHILADELPHIA VA MEDICAL CENTER

PHR: Project Narrative Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and insomnia are more prevalent in Veterans than in the general community. Furthermore, insomnia is comorbid in 36-91% of individuals with AUD and jeopardizes recovery by increasing their risk for relapse and complicating their clinical profile. The VA/DoD guidelines recommend four medications for the treatment of AUD. Among them, topiramate (TOP) has demonstrated promise in improving abstinence and decreasing heavy drinking but without any clinical improvement in sleep continuity. The recommended treatment for insomnia is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), and it has shown efficacy in improving insomnia but with minimal benefit in improving abstinence. The proposed study will evaluate whether augmenting TOP with CBT-I bolsters recovery in AUD, by improving abstinence and decreasing insomnia. If this strategy shows good clinical results and the findings are replicated in a multi-center trial then the combination of TOP with CBT-I should be considered a standard component of the initial management of AUD with insomnia.

PI_NAMEs: CHAKRAVORTY, SUBHAJIT  (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Abstinence;acamprosate;actigraphy;affective disturbance;Aftercare;alcohol abstinence;alcohol abuse therapy;alcohol comorbidity;Alcohol consumption;alcohol craving;alcohol use disorder;Alcohols;Anticonvulsants;Anxiety;arm;Back;Beck depression inventory;Behavior Therapy;Behavioral;behavioral sleep intervention;Caring;Clinical;Cognitive Therapy;Combined Modality Therapy;Communities;Comorbid Insomnia;comorbidity;craving;daily functioning;design;Development;diaries;Disulfiram;dosage;drinking;drinking behavior;Education;Epilepsy;Equipment and supply inventories;Exhibits;FDA approved;follow-up;gabapentin;General Population;Guidelines;Heavy Drinking;high risk;Hygiene;hypnotic;Impairment;improved;improvement on sleep;indexing;Individual;innovation;Intervention;Interview;Measures;Meta-Analysis;Migraine;Multicenter Trials;Naltrexone;off-label drug;Outcome;Outcome Measure;Pathologic;Patients;personalized intervention;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Placebo Control;Placebos;post intervention;Prevalence;prevent;primary outcome;Protocols documentation;Quality of life;Randomized;recidivism;Recommendation;Recovery;Relapse;relapse risk;Reporting;Risk;Sampling;Severities;side effect;Sleep;Sleep disturbances;sleep health;Sleeplessness;sobriety;Stimulus;suicidal behavior;suicidal risk;Suicide;Testing;Time;timeline;Titrations;topiramate;trait;Trazodone;treatment effect;treatment guidelines;validation studies;Veterans;Visit

PROJECT_TITLE: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-I) Augmentation of Topiramate in promoting abstinence in alcohol use disorder (AUD).


PHR: Patients with advanced cirrhosis with high portal vein pressure frequently develop complications such as internal bleeding and retention of fluid in the abdomen. Development of these complications marks a change in a patient’s status from “compensated” (no symptoms) cirrhosis to “decompensated” (symptomatic) cirrhosis, and is associated with a high risk of death. Several retrospective studies suggesting that statins, a class of medications usually used to lower cholesterol and reduce heart disease, may also reduce death in patients with cirrhosis. However, many primary care providers will not use these medications in patients with liver disease due to fears of liver toxicity. This study will prospectively test in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial whether or not simvastatin, a commonly used and inexpensive statin drug, lowers the risk of cirrhosis complications and death, and is safe to use, in patients with compensated cirrhosis.

PI_NAMEs: KAPLAN, DAVID E (contact);TADDEI, TAMAR

PROJECT_TERMS: Abdomen;Address;adverse outcome;Age;Alcoholic Fatty Liver;Alcohols;Ascites;Autoimmune;Bilirubin;Cardiovascular system;Caring;Cessation of life;Cholesterol;Chronic;chronic liver disease;Chronic viral hepatitis;Circulation;Cirrhosis;Clinical;clinical efficacy;clinically significant;Compensation;cost;Cost Savings;Data;Development;Double-Blind Method;Encephalopathies;endothelial dysfunction;Exposure to;Fibrosis;follow-up;Fostering;Fright;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Polymorphism;Health Benefit;Health Expenditures;health related quality of life;Healthcare Systems;Heart Diseases;Hemorrhage;Hepatic;Hepatic Encephalopathy;Hepatitis B;Hepatitis B Virus;Hepatitis C;Hepatitis C virus;Hepatotoxicity;high risk;Hospitalization;Human;Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors;improved;Incidence;Individual;Infection;Inflammation;Intention;Intervention;intrahepatic;Length of Stay;Liquid substance;Liver;liver development;Liver diseases;Liver Fibrosis;liver function;liver inflammation;liver transplantation;Malignant neoplasm of liver;Mediating;Medical;mortality;mortality risk;Multicenter Studies;Myopathy;Nitric Oxide;non-alcoholic fatty liver;Outcome;Pathway interactions;patient population;Patients;Perfusion;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Placebo Control;Placebos;Portal Hypertension;Portal Pressure;Portal vein structure;pressure;prevent;Primary carcinoma of the liver cells;primary care provider;Prophylactic treatment;prospective;Prospective Studies;prospective test;Quality of life;Randomized;randomized placebo controlled trial;randomized trial;randomized, clinical trials;Randomized, Controlled Trials;Recurrence;Reporting;Research Design;response;Retrospective Studies;Rhabdomyolysis;Risk;Safety;secondary endpoint;side effect;Simvastatin;study population;Symptoms;Testing;Toxic effect;Varicosity;vasoconstriction;Vasodilator Agents;Veterans;Virus Diseases

PROJECT_TITLE: Effect of simvastatin on hepatic decompensation and death in subjects with high-risk compensated cirrhosis


ORG_CITY: Aurora

ORG_NAME: VA EASTERN COLORADO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

ORG_STATE: CO

PHR: The overall goal of this project is to recruit and characterize a VA-based cohort of veterans with post-9/11 southwest Asia, Afghanistan, and Djibouti (SWAAD) deployment with and without deployment-related lung disease (DLD) and to identify deployment and clinical characteristics associated with DLD, to find cellular markers of activation and inflammation in those with DLD, and to monitor longitudinal respiratory health outcomes in those with and without post-9/11 SWAAD DLD. Southwest Asia, Afghanistan, and Djibouti deployment is associated with exposure to burn pits and desert dust that have been linked to post-9/11 deployment-related asthma and small airways lung diseases (e.g. bronchiolitis). Deployment and clinical characteristics that predict DLD, and long-term prognosis of DLD is unknown. Given the influx of post-9/11 deployers leaving the military and enrolling in VA healthcare, VA-based clinical/translational research programs are needed to identify clinical biomarkers of DLD and to monitor long-term lung function and health outcomes.

PI_NAMEs: KREFFT, SILPA DHOMA (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: accurate diagnosis;acute care;Admission activity;Afghanistan;Airway Disease;Asia;Asthma;biobank;Biological Markers;Biopsy;Blood;Blood specimen;Bronchiolitis;burn pit;Carbon Monoxide;Cardiopulmonary;Caring;Categories;Cells;Characteristics;Chest;Chest imaging;Chronic;Clinic;Clinical;clinical biomarkers;Clinical Markers;clinical phenotype;clinical translation;Clinical Trials;cohort;combat;Complex;Computerized Medical Record;cost;Cytometry;Detection;Diagnosis;Diagnostic Procedure;Diagnostic tests;diagnostic tool;Diffusion;disability;Disease;disease diagnosis;Distal;Djibouti;Dust;Enrollment;eosinophil;eosinophilic asthma;eosinophilic inflammation;Eosinophilic Pneumonia;Evaluation;Evidence based treatment;Exercise Test;Exhibits;Exposure to;Foundations;Freedom;functional decline;Future;Gases;Goals;hazard;Health;Healthcare;Healthcare Systems;improved;indexing;Inflammation;Inhalation;Inhalation Exposure;insight;Intervention;Iraq;Link;Location;Lung;lung basal segment;Lung Diseases;lung health;lung injury;lung volume;Lymphocyte;Macrophage;Measurement;Medical;Methods;military men;military operation;Military Personnel;military service;military women;Monitor;Newly Diagnosed;novel;Occupations;operation;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Outcome Assessment;Outcomes Research;Participant;Particulate;Patient Self-Report;peripheral blood;Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phenotype;Population;post 9/11;primary outcome;Prognosis;Protocols documentation;pulmonary function;pulmonary function decline;Pulmonary Function Test/Forced Expiratory Volume 1;Pulmonary function tests;Questionnaires;recruit;Research;respiratory;Respiratory Disease;respiratory examination;respiratory health;Respiratory Signs and Symptoms;Role;secondary outcome;Sentinel;small airways disease;Smoking Status;Spirometry;Standardization;Structure of parenchyma of lung;Study Subject;Symptoms;Syndrome;System;Techniques;Testing;Time;translational research program;translational study;United States;United States Department of Veterans Affairs;Veterans;Veterans Health Administration;Visit;Work;X-Ray Computed Tomography

PROJECT_TITLE: Clinical Markers and Monitoring for Post-9-11 Deployment Lung Diseases


ORG_CITY: GAINESVILLE

ORG_STATE: FL

PHR: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the 4th most common diagnosis amongst US veterans costing VHS, $18 billion annually. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest killer for these patients. At present time we do not have an effective strategy capable of reducing the exceedingly high CVD mortality in those with CKD. We propose a novel therapy for this deadly disease and plan to conduct the first human proof-of-efficacy study to examine whether it can impact the parameters of CVD in Veterans with CKD. Based on multiple in vivo, in vitro, and population-based data, as well as our recently concluded validatory animal and human feasibility studies, we believe that [hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)], a traditional, safe, and cheap anti-inflammatory drug will have significant benefits relevant to CVD in CKD. The outcome of this study has the potential to provide an entirely new line of therapy for the treatment of CVD, not only in CKD, but in general population as well, and in the process, may establish a new field of research to attack CVD.

PI_NAMEs: SEGAL, MARK S.;SHUKLA, ASHUTOSH M (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Acceleration;Adverse event;Affect;Agreement;Animal Model;Animals;Anti-Inflammatory Agents;Aorta;Area;Atherosclerosis;Autoimmune Diseases;Biochemical;Biological Markers;Blood Vessels;C-reactive protein;Cardiac;Cardiovascular Diseases;cardiovascular risk factor;Cardiovascular system;Carotid Artery Plaques;Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease;Cessation of life;Chronic Kidney Failure;Clinical;Clinical Research;cohort;Congestive Heart Failure;cost;Creatinine;Data;design;Diabetes Mellitus;Diagnosis;Disease;effective therapy;efficacy study;End stage renal failure;endothelial dysfunction;Endothelium;Enrollment;epidemiologic data;Evaluation;Event;Feasibility Studies;Funding;Future;General Population;Hospitalization;Human;Hydroxychloroquine;Hypertension;In Vitro;in vivo;Incidence;Inflammation;Inflammatory;insight;insulin sensitivity;Intervention;Kidney;Kidney Diseases;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Measures;medication safety;Metabolic syndrome;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;mortality;Myocardial Infarction;novel therapeutics;Outcome;Outcome Measure;Outcome Study;Patient Selection;Patients;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physiologic pulse;Placebos;Population;population based;primary outcome;Process;Randomized, Controlled Trials;Refractory;Research;risk stratification;Role;Safety;safety outcomes;Sample Size;secondary outcome;Stenosis;Stroke;Surface;Therapeutic;Time;trend;Uremia;vascular factor;Veterans

PROJECT_TITLE: Hydroxychloroquine for the Management of CVD in CKD

STUDY_SECTION: CARB

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Cardiovascular Studies B[CARB]


PHR: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major problem, including high death risk, in returning Veterans. Although therapies are available (methadone and buprenorphine), often these don’t work especially because patients discontinue treatment. Our understanding of the brain mechanisms of OUD and OUD treatment success is lacking, which precludes the development of improved therapies. We propose to use brain imaging and limited genetics to understand the brain circuitry behind OUD and treatment outcomes, and to create a machine learning algorithm to predict which patients entering the clinic are most and less likely to succeed. This knowledge would allow for improved personalized therapy and for optimal resource allocation.

PI_NAMEs: SALAS, RAMIRO  (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: addiction;Algorithms;Alleles;Anatomy;Big Data;Biological Markers;Brain;brain circuitry;Brain imaging;Buprenorphine;buprenorphine treatment;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Classification;Clinic;Clinical;Complex;Corpus striatum structure;Data;Development;Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging;disorder risk;dosage;Dose;Drops;Drug usage;Epidemic;Feeling suicidal;fentanyl overdose;follow-up;Future;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Risk;genetic variant;Genotype;Habenula;Human;illicit opioid;Image;improved;Insula of Reil;interest;Knowledge;Machine Learning;machine learning algorithm;machine learning model;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Maintenance;Maintenance Therapy;Measures;Medicine;Mental Health;Methadone;methadone treatment;Methods;Modality;morphometry;mortality risk;neural circuit;Nicotinic Receptors;Opiate Addiction;Opioid;opioid abuse;Opioid abuser;Opioid Receptor;opioid use;opioid use disorder;opioid user;Outcome;outcome prediction;Outcome Study;Pain management;Patients;personalized medicine;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Prediction of Response to Therapy;prospective;Psychiatry;rational design;Relapse;Resource Allocation;Resources;Rest;Rewards;Risk;Scanning;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;SNP genotyping;Structure;success;suicidal;Suicide attempt;Testing;Therapeutic;Training;treatment adherence;treatment duration;Treatment outcome;Urine;Variant;Veterans;volunteer;white matter;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Brain connectivity and genetics as predictors of opioid abuse treatment outcomes


PHR: Veterans returned from the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War (GW1) often suffer from headaches, muscle and joint pain, depression and other debilitating physical symptoms. These multi-symptom illnesses are described as Gulf War Veterans’ Illness (GWVI). However, the current pharmacological treatment options for GWVI related chronic headaches, and body muscle and joint pain conditions (GWVI-HAP), and depression are quite limited. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers an effective non-invasive treatment option for pain, headache and depression. The treatment, which usually is non-painful and requires no anesthesia, utilizes a coil to non-invasively create a small current in a specific brain region for pain relief. Our preliminary studies indicate the treatment can be potentially beneficial for both GWVI-HAP and depression. This multi-center clinical trial study aims to further: 1) valid the long-term efficacy of the treatment for GWVI-HAP and depression; and 2) assess site specificity of the treatment in patients with or without severe form of depression. !

PI_NAMEs: CLARK, DAVID J.;LEUNG, ALBERT Y. (contact);MCGREGOR, KEITH MATTHEW

PROJECT_TERMS: Address;Adopted;affective disturbance;Analgesics;Anesthesia procedures;anti-depressive agents;Arthralgia;associated symptom;Award;brain magnetic resonance imaging;Brain region;Chronic Headaches;chronic pain;chronic pain patient;chronic painful condition;Clinical;Clinical Trials;comorbidity;Contralateral;debilitating symptom;depressive symptoms;design;Development;Diagnosis;Diffuse;efficacy evaluation;Etiology;Evaluation;FDA approved;Functional disorder;Funding;Gulf War;Gulf War veteran;Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression;Headache;improved;innovation;Investigation;Left;Location;Maintenance;Major Depressive Disorder;Mental Depression;Meta-Analysis;Migraine;mild traumatic brain injury;Military Personnel;military veteran;Motor Cortex;Multi-Institutional Clinical Trial;Myalgia;Narcotics;Neuroanatomy;Neuronavigation;Neuropsychology;Pain;Pain management;pain relief;pain symptom;painful neuropathy;Painless;Patients;Persian Gulf;Persian Gulf Syndrome;Pharmacological Treatment;Phase;physical symptom;Prefrontal Cortex;Prevalence;Prevention;Psychophysiologic Disorders;Quality of life;Randomized;randomized, controlled study;rehabilitation strategy;repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation;Research;Severities;sham-controlled study;side effect;Site;Specificity;Symptoms;System;Transcranial magnetic stimulation;treatment effect;Treatment Efficacy;Treatment Protocols;treatment strategy;Veterans

PROJECT_TITLE: rTMS in alleviating Pain and Co-morbid symptoms in GWVI


PHR: Among veterans both the rate of incidence and the rate of mortality due to lung cancer are twice higher than the entire population, making this an urgent unmet clinical problem in veterans. This is partly due to higher smoking rates among veterans that can result in higher incidence of NSCLC in this population. Immune checkpoint blockade strategy has emerged as an effective therapy for lung cancer with long lasting clinical benefits. However, only 20% of patients respond to these agents and currently available only to patients whose tumors express checkpoint ligand, PDL1. Therefore, there is an urgent need of alternatives for a large fraction of patients including those that are PDL1 negative. We recently identified a protein called CADM1, expressed on lung tumor cells and render them susceptible to natural killer (NK) cells of the host immune system. This project will investigate the role of this protein in lung tumor immune surveillance, its mechanism of action and will develop a novel NK cell based immune therapy for lung cancer.

PI_NAMEs: KESHAMOUNI, VENKATESHWAR G (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Activated Natural Killer Cell;Adhesives;Binding;Calcium;cancer cell;Cancer Etiology;cancer immunotherapy;Cancer Patient;cancer risk;carbohydrate structure;Cell Adhesion Inhibition;Cell Adhesion Molecules;Cell Line;Cell Physiology;Cell Surface Proteins;Cells;Clinical;cohort;cytotoxicity;Data;Death Rate;design;Disease;Disease Progression;effective therapy;efficacy testing;Enzyme Inhibition;Epithelium;Genetic;glycosylation;Host Defense;Human;Hypermethylation;immune checkpoint blockade;Immune Evasion;Immune system;Immunoglobulins;Immunologic Surveillance;immunological synapse;Immunotherapy;in vitro activity;Incidence;Infiltration;Ligands;Loss of Heterozygosity;LoxP-flanked allele;Lung;Lung Neoplasms;Lymphoid Cell;Malignant neoplasm of lung;Malignant Neoplasms;Mammals;Mediating;men;Mesenchymal;MHC Class I Genes;Modification;mortality;mouse model;Mus;mutant;Natural Killer Cells;NCAM1 gene;Neoplasm Metastasis;neoplastic cell;Nodal;Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma;novel;patient prognosis;Patients;peripheral blood;Polysialic Acid;Population;Predisposition;prevent;programmed cell death ligand 1;promoter;Property;Proteins;Regulation;Role;Sialyltransferases;Smoking;synthetic biology;T-Lymphocyte;therapeutically effective;Toxic effect;tumor;Tumor Burden;tumor initiation;tumor progression;Tumor Promotion;Tumor Tissue;tumorigenesis;United States;Veterans;Virus Diseases;Woman

PROJECT_TITLE: Immunesurveillance of Lung Cancer by Natural Killer Cells


ORG_CITY: NASHVILLE

ORG_STATE: TN

PHR: Approximately 30 million adults have diabetes (DM) in the United States and DM confers a risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Between 2013-2017 multiple clinical trials of newer agents (SGLT2 or GLP1RA) were conducted versus placebo that demonstrated cardiovascular or renal benefit with a pronounced effect among those with pre-existing CVD. There is less data available among those without CVD. Evidence on the advantages and risks of these newer agents relative to other commonly used medications remains unknown because data from real world cohorts is methodologically limited for many reasons. We propose to conduct a large longitudinal national study using administrative, clinical and laboratory data to quantify the relative risks and benefits of newer antidiabetic agents among Veterans. We will include cardiovascular and renal outcomes and risks of amputations and fractures in 2 distinct cohorts, those with and without CVD. This study would be the largest methodologically rigorous evaluation of newer antidiabetic medications in Veterans to date.

PI_NAMEs: ROUMIE, CHRISTIANNE L. (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Accounting;Adult;Adverse effects;adverse event risk;aged;Agonist;Algorithms;American;Amputation;Ankle;Anti-diabetic Drugs;Benefits and Risks;blood pressure intervention;bone;Cardiovascular Diseases;cardiovascular disorder risk;cardiovascular effects;cardiovascular risk factor;Cardiovascular system;Caring;Cessation of life;Clinical;Clinical Trials;cohort;Community Healthcare;comparative effectiveness;Contracts;cost;Cox Proportional Hazards Models;Data;Data Set;data warehouse;Diabetes Mellitus;Dipeptidyl Peptidases;Drug Costs;Drug Prescriptions;Echocardiography;Effectiveness;effectiveness evaluation;Eligibility Determination;European;Evaluation;Event;Excretory function;Formularies;Fracture;fracture risk;GLP-2;GLP-I receptor;Glucose;glycemic control;Glycosylated hemoglobin A;Hearing;Heart failure;Hypoglycemia;Impairment;indexing;inhibitor;interest;Investments;Kidney;Laboratories;Lipids;liraglutide;Longitudinal Studies;Medical;Medicare/Medicaid;Methodology;Morbidity - disease rate;mortality;Myocardial Infarction;New Agents;Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus;novel therapeutics;Observational Study;Outcome;Patients;Peripheral arterial disease;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pharmacologic Substance;pharmacy benefit;Pharmacy facility;Phase;Physicians;Placebos;Policies;post-market;prevent;Probability;Productivity;Publications;Regimen;relative effectiveness;Relative Risks;Reporting;Research;revascularization;Risk;Risk Reduction;rosiglitazone;Safety;Side;Sodium;Stroke;symporter;Testing;Time;trial design;United States;United States Food and Drug Administration;Veterans;Veterans Health Administration;Vital Status;Weight

PROJECT_TITLE: Effectiveness of Hypoglycemic Medications Among Veterans with CKD


PHR: Nearly a quarter of Veterans have diabetes, which costs the VA $1.5 billion annually. Diabetes is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia, and in turn, cognitive impairment is a risk factor for poorer medication adherence and hypoglycemic events. Current diagnostic approaches to identify Veterans at risk for future cognitive decline are often invasive, expensive, or not sensitive enough to capture early cognitive changes prior to objective impairment. The proposed study will use innovative neuropsychological methods (process scores) to detect subtle cognitive changes and inefficiencies in Veterans with diabetes to improve prediction of future cognitive decline. Furthermore, this work will identify a potential biomarker (cerebral blood flow) for cognitive inefficiency in diabetes. Early identification of Veterans at risk for future cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer’s disease, will provide opportunities for earlier behavioral, lifestyle, and pharmaceutical interventions as well as improved clinical decision-making. !

PI_NAMEs: THOMAS, KELSEY R (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Affect;Age;Alzheimer disease detection;Alzheimer's Disease;Alzheimer's disease diagnosis;Alzheimer's disease risk;Alzheimer’s disease biomarker;American;Amyloid beta-Protein;Anticoagulants;arterial spin labeling;Attention;Behavior;Behavioral;Biological;Biological Markers;Blood brain barrier dysfunction;Blood Glucose;Blood Vessels;brain behavior;California;care costs;career;Caring;Cerebrospinal Fluid;Cerebrovascular Circulation;Cerebrovascular Disorders;Cerebrum;Chronic;Clinical;clinical care;clinical decision-making;clinical diagnosis;Cognition Disorders;Cognitive;Cognitive aging;cognitive change;combat;comorbidity;Competence;cost;Dementia;dementia risk;Detection;detection method;Diabetes Mellitus;diabetic;Diagnosis;diagnostic strategy;Disease;Disease Marker;early detection biomarkers;Early identification;Endocrinologist;Event;Frequencies;functional decline;Future;Glycosylated hemoglobin A;Goals;Health;Health Expenditures;Healthcare Systems;Herbicides;human old age (65+);Hypoglycemia;hypoperfusion;Imaging Techniques;Impaired cognition;Impairment;improved;Injections;innovation;Intervention;K-Series Research Career Programs;Lead;Learning;Life Style;Location;Long-Term Care;longitudinal analysis;Magnetic Resonance;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Measures;Medical;medical complication;medication compliance;memory recall;Mentors;Methods;mild cognitive impairment;Modeling;multidisciplinary;neurocognitive disorder;neuroimaging;Neuropsychological Tests;Neuropsychology;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathologic;Pathology;patient oriented research;Performance;Perfusion;Persons;Pharmacologic Substance;Phase;Positron-Emission Tomography;Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders;potential biomarker;pre-clinical;Prevalence;prevent;Process;progression risk;prospective;Radioactive Tracers;recruit;response;Rest;Risk;Risk Factors;rural setting;Scientist;skills;Spinal Puncture;tau Proteins;tau-1;Training;training opportunity;Training Programs;United States;Universities;vascular risk factor;Veterans;White Matter Hyperintensity;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Impact of Diabetes on Cognitive and Perfusion Inefficiencies in Preclinical AD


NIH_SPENDING_CATS: Genetics;Infectious Diseases;Neurosciences;Stem Cell Research;Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Human

ORG_DEPT: OPHTHALMOLOGY

ORG_NAME: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH

PHR: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a human alphaherpesvirus, establishes lifelong latent neuronal infection in the ganglia of the majority of humans worldwide, reactivating in one-third to cause shingles, debilitating pain and stroke. Recently, we identified a novel, protein-coding spliced viral transcript, VZV Latency Transcript (VLT), which together with VZV gene 63 (ORF63) are the sole virus transcripts present in latently VZV-infected human ganglia. Our application will determine the role of both viral genes in the establishment, maintenance and egress from VZV latency in human neurons ex vivo, in situ and in vitro.

PI_NAMEs: KINCHINGTON, PAUL R. (contact);VERJANS, GEORGES MICHEL

PROGRAM_OFFICER_NAME: DUPUY, LESLEY CONRAD

PROJECT_TERMS: Ablation;Address;Affect;Afferent Neurons;Animal Model;Apoptosis;Autopsy;Binding;Biology;Blindness;Cadaver;Chickenpox;Chromatin;chromatin immunoprecipitation;chromatin modification;Chronic;Clinical;Code;debilitating pain;design;Detection;Development;Disease;Elderly;Elements;FDA approved;Ganglia;Gene Expression;gene function;Genes;genetic regulatory protein;Genetic Transcription;Genomics;Goals;Herpes zoster disease;Herpesviridae;Herpesvirus Type 3;histone methylation;Histones;Homologous Gene;Human;human data;human embryonic stem cell;human pathogen;In Situ;In Vitro;Infection;insight;Intervention;Knowledge;latency associated transcript;latent infection;Lytic;Lytic Phase;Lytic Virus;Maintenance;Maps;Methods;Modeling;Modification;Molecular;mutant;Mutation;Myocardial Infarction;nerve stem cell;Neurons;neurotropic;novel;novel therapeutic intervention;Open Reading Frames;Orthologous Gene;Pain;Phosphorylation;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Process;promoter;Promoter Regions;Proteins;Quality of life;reactivation from latency;Recombinants;Research Personnel;RNA;RNA Polymerase II;RNA Splicing;Role;Simplexvirus;Site;Societies;Stroke;Structure of trigeminal ganglion;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Trans-Activators;Transcript;Vaccines;Viral;Viral Drug Resistance;Viral Genes;Viral Genome;viral RNA;Virus;Virus Diseases;Virus Latency;Work;Zoster Vaccine

PROJECT_TITLE: Role of VZV Latency Transcript (VLT) and ORF63 in latency and reactivation

STUDY_SECTION: VIRA

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Virology - A Study Section[VIRA]


ORG_CITY: BOSTON

ORG_NAME: VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

PHR: The proposed research is relevant to Veteran health because it focuses on innovative ways to electronically measure frailty and multimorbidity in older Veterans with multiple myeloma using data from the integrated national VA health system. This work will lead to tools for VA oncologists to identify age-related vulnerabilities that can inform decision making regarding intensity and type of initial treatment for myeloma. Moreover, these electronic measures will allow VA investigators to study the safety and effectiveness of current and future myeloma treatment regimens as they are applied to older Veterans with frailty and multimorbidity. The proposed research seeks to combine geriatric measures with cancer-specific measures toward better individualizing care for older Veterans, intersecting the missions of the VA Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC) and the National VA Precision Oncology Program.

PI_NAMEs: DUMONTIER, CLARK WILLIAM (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Acceleration;Adopted;Age;age related;American Society of Clinical Oncology;Attenuated;Award;base;big-data science;Body System;chemotherapy;Chemotherapy-Oncologic Procedure;Chronic;Chronic Disease;Clinic;clinical center;clinical decision support;Clinical Investigator;Code;cohort;Collaborations;Communication;comparative effectiveness;Cytogenetics;Data;data integration;data warehouse;Databases;Death Rate;Decision Making;Development;Diagnostic;Disease;education research;Effectiveness;Elderly;electronic health data;Electronic Health Record;Electronics;epidemiology study;experience;frailty;Future;Genetic;Genotype;Geriatric Assessment;Geriatrics;Goals;Health;Health system;Healthcare;Hospitalization;hospitalization rates;human old age (65+);indexing;Information Centers;innovation;Integrated Health Care Systems;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;K-Series Research Career Programs;Leadership;Machine Learning;Malignant Neoplasms;Massachusetts;Measures;Mentors;Mentorship;Mission;Modeling;mortality;multiple chronic conditions;Multiple Myeloma;New England;older adult;older patient;Older Population;Oncologist;Oncology;oncology program;Outcome;Pattern;Performance Status;personalized cancer therapy;personalized care;personalized medicine;Phenotype;Physiological;precision oncology;predictive modeling;Prognosis;prognostic;Program Description;Recommendation;Regimen;Research;Research Personnel;Resources;Risk;risk prediction model;risk stratification;routine care;safety study;Severities;skills;sociodemographic variables;Statistical Data Interpretation;stressor;support tools;survival prediction;Survival Rate;Testing;Time;tool;Toxic effect;Training;Training Programs;Translating;Treatment Protocols;Triplet Multiple Birth;tumor;Veterans;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Integration of Geriatric Measures Alongside Disease-Based Measures to Advance Precision Oncology for Older Veterans with Multiple Myeloma


PHR: Low testosterone and diabetes mellitus are each associated with increased risk for fractures. Men with diabetes mellitus are commonly found to have low testosterone as well. Testosterone has been shown to improve the bone health of patients with low testosterone but has not been tested in patients who also have diabetes mellitus in addition to low testosterone. To date, there is no treatment that is specifically recommended for bone disease among patients with diabetes. This study will evaluate the effect of testosterone on the bone health of male veterans who have both diabetes and low testosterone, both of which are highly prevalent in this subset of the population.

PI_NAMEs: VILLAREAL, REINA C (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: age related decline;Androgens;Apoptosis;Area;Aromatase;bone;Bone Density;Bone Diseases;bone geometry;bone health;bone loss;bone mass;bone metabolism;bone quality;Bone remodeling;Bone Resorption;bone strength;bone turnover;C-telopeptide;Data;Diabetes Mellitus;diabetic;Diagnosis;Elderly man;Enrollment;Enzymes;Estradiol;Finite Element Analysis;Fracture;fracture risk;fragility fracture;Gel;glucose metabolism;Health;high risk;Hip Fractures;Hip region structure;Hypogonadism;impaired glucose tolerance;improved;Intervention;male;male health;Measures;Mediating;men;non-diabetic;Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus;Obesity;osteoblast differentiation;Osteoblasts;Osteocalcin;Osteoclasts;Osteocytes;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Outcome;Patients;Peripheral;Placebos;Population;primary endpoint;Production;progenitor;Proliferating;Quality of life;Radial;Randomized;randomized placebo controlled study;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Resolution;response;Risk;Risk Factors;skeletal;Skeleton;standard care;Suggestion;Testing;Testosterone;tibia;trend;Veterans;Woman;X-Ray Computed Tomography;young man

PROJECT_TITLE: Testosterone Therapy and Bone Quality in Men with Diabetes and Hypogonadism


ORG_CITY: SAN FRANCISCO

ORG_NAME: VETERANS AFFAIRS MED CTR SAN FRANCISCO

PHR: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection, (COVID), continues to rage throughout the world with 115,000,000 confirmed cases and over 2,500,000 deaths (as of Mar 3, 2021). This translates to millions of people surviving COVID19 infection. While the lungs are ground zero, COVID19 tears through organ systems from brain to blood vessels. We are now beginning to see people recover but complain of ongoing problems, including lingering cognitive problems, depression, and anxiety. We have brought together 2 laboratories with complementary techniques including psychological testing and neuroimaging methods together with markers in the blood that may signal damage in the brain. A close look at these problems is timely and imperative if we are to understand the pathophysiology of “COVID brain” and prepare for downstream problems.

PI_NAMEs: FORD, JUDITH M (contact);PULLIAM, LYNN

PROJECT_TERMS: Age;Aging;Amyloid beta-Protein;Anxiety;Attention;Auditory;Behavioral;Biological;Biological Assay;Biological Markers;Blood;Blood Vessels;Body System;Brain;Brain imaging;cell injury;Cells;Cessation of life;Clinic;Clinical;Cognition;Cognitive;Cognitive deficits;cognitive function;Collaborations;comorbidity;computerized;COVID-19;COVID-19 complications;COVID-19 impact;COVID-19 pandemic;COVID-19 survivors;cytokine;Data;Diabetes Mellitus;Electroencephalography;Event;Event-Related Potentials;experience;experimental study;extracellular vesicles;Functional disorder;Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging;gray matter;healthcare burden;Hemorrhage;high risk;HIV;Impaired cognition;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Internet;Laboratories;Laboratory Study;Light;long-term sequelae;Lung;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;magnetic resonance imaging/electroencephalography;Measures;Memory;Mental Depression;Methods;Myelin;Nerve Degeneration;Nervous System Trauma;neural;Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1;Neurocognitive;Neurocognitive Deficit;neurofilament;neuroimaging;neuroinflammation;Neurologic;Neuronal Dysfunction;Neurons;neurophysiology;Neurophysiology - biologic function;Neuropsychology;novel coronavirus;Obesity;P300 Event-Related Potentials;Parents;Pathologic;Patient Recruitments;Peripheral;Persons;Pilot Projects;Plasma;post SARS-CoV-2 infection;Precipitation;Premature aging syndrome;Proteins;Psychological Tests;Reporting;response;Rest;San Francisco;SARS-CoV-2 infection;SARS-CoV-2 positive;Signal Transduction;Smoking;tau Proteins;Techniques;Time;Translating;Veterans;white matter;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Neural and cognitive consequences of COVID-19 survival.


ADMINISTERING_IC: DC

ED_INST_TYPE: ORGANIZED RESEARCH UNITS

IC_NAME: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

ORG_CITY: CAMBRIDGE

ORG_DEPT: MISCELLANEOUS

ORG_NAME: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PHR: Project Narrative Our ability to communicate with each other and to navigate through acoustically rich environments depends on the detection and exquisite analysis of sounds by the inner ear. Numerous genetic studies have shown that the tectorial membrane plays a key role in shaping this analysis, but the important mechanisms are not well understood. The proposed research to clarify these underlying mechanisms will improve our understanding of both normal and impaired hearing, and will be important for the design of speech-processing devices such as cochlear implants, hearing aids, and speech-communication and speech-recognition systems.

PI_NAMEs: FREEMAN, DENNIS M (contact)

PROGRAM_OFFICER_NAME: CYR, JANET

PROJECT_TERMS: Acoustics;Affect;Apical;Atomic Force Microscopy;base;Bathing;Behavior;Buffers;Calcium;Calcium ion;cantilever;Cavia;chemical property;Chemicals;Cochlea;Cochlear Implants;Communication;design;Detection;Devices;Diameter;DNA Sequence Alteration;Dyes;Egtazic Acid;Elasticity;Endolymph;Environment;experimental study;Frequencies;Gel;Generations;Genetic Diseases;Genetic study;Gerbils;Hair;Hair Cells;Hearing;Hearing Aids;hearing impairment;Hearing problem;Image;Impairment;improved;inner ear diseases;insight;Ion Channel;Ions;Knowledge;Labyrinth;Liquid substance;Location;Mammals;Maps;Measures;mechanical properties;Mechanics;meter;Methods;Microscopic;Modeling;Molecular Weight;Motion;Mus;nanoscale;Nature;normal hearing;novel;Optics;Osmosis;Pathology;Phase;Play;Polyethylene Glycols;Positioning Attribute;practical application;Process;Property;Proteins;Pulsatile Flow;Radial;ratiometric;receptor;Receptor Cell;Research;response;Rodent;Role;Sampling;Sensory Receptors;Series;shape analysis;Solid;sound;Speech;speech processing;speech recognition;Structure;sugar;Suggestion;Surface;System;Techniques;tectorial membrane;Testing;Theoretical Studies;Tissues;viscoelasticity;Viscosity;Water;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Experimental Theoretical Studies of Cochlear Mechanisms

STUDY_SECTION: AUD

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Auditory System Study Section[AUD]


NIH_SPENDING_CATS: Neurosciences

ORG_CITY: Los Angeles

ORG_DEPT: OTOLARYNGOLOGY

ORG_NAME: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

PHR: NARRATIVE Diversity in the ion channel composition of auditory and vestibular neurons is important for how they convey sensory information. The properties of ion channels are not fixed but can modulated by inputs from other cells to protect the neurons from damage. By understanding how this modulation works, our research will aid future therapies aimed at protecting the vulnerable neurons in the hearing and balance systems.

PI_NAMEs: KALLURI, RADHA  (contact)

PROJECT_TITLE: The role of ion channels in shaping the function of inner ear neurons


ORG_CITY: WEST HAVEN

ORG_NAME: VA CONNECTICUT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

ORG_STATE: CT

PHR: Project Narrative Severe chronic pain and opioid use disorder (OUD) occur at significantly higher rates in Veterans compared to the general population. Chronic pain often persists despite engagement in opioid agonist treatment (OAT), the first line treatment for OUD. Recent VA guidelines strongly recommend non-pharmacologic treatment for chronic pain, but individuals with OUD are frequently excluded from pain treatment studies. There is a need for evidence-based pain treatments that compliment OAT for Veterans with chronic pain and OUD. In this study, we will determine feasibility and acceptability for a behaviorally focused pain treatment that includes pain education and a pedometer assisted adaptive walking program for Veterans receiving OAT for OUD. Treatment outcomes will be assessed using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), where behavior is repeatedly assessed using a mobile device, and study-provided pedometers. By offering pain treatment within OAT clinical care, we hope to decrease stigma and increase access for Veterans with chronic pain and OUD.

PI_NAMEs: MACLEAN, ROBERT ROSS (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: acceptability and feasibility;Aftercare;Award;Behavior;Behavior Therapy;Behavioral;biopsychosocial;Buprenorphine;care seeking;Caring;chronic pain;chronic pain management;chronic pain patient;Clinic;Clinical;clinical care;Clinical Trials;Cognitive Therapy;Coping Skills;cost;Data Analyses;Diagnosis;disability;Dose;drug seeking behavior;Ecological momentary assessment;Education;Effectiveness;Elements;Epidemic;Evaluation;evidence base;Evidence based treatment;Exclusion;experience;Exposure to;Feasibility Studies;follow up assessment;follow-up;Foundations;Future;General Population;Goals;Guidelines;handheld mobile device;Health education;improved;Individual;innovation;Intervention;Knowledge;Measurement;Measures;medical specialties;Mentors;Methadone;Methodology;Movement;Nonpharmacologic Therapy;opioid agonist therapy;opioid overdose;opioid use;opioid use disorder;Outcome Study;overdose death;Pain;Pain interference;Pain management;Pain Measurement;pain reduction;Participant;patient engagement;Patients;pedometer;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pilot Projects;Population;Prayers;prescription opioid;Prevalence;primary outcome;Procedures;Quality of life;Randomized;Recommendation;Reporting;Research;Resource-limited setting;Resources;Sampling;satisfaction;Scientist;screening;Self Care;social stigma;Strategic Planning;Substance Use Disorder;Surveys;Testing;therapy development;Time;Training;treatment group;Treatment outcome;United States;Veterans;Veterans Health Administration;Visit;Walking;walking intervention;walking program

PROJECT_TITLE: An adaptive walking intervention to manage chronic pain in veterans with opioid use disorder engaged in opioid agonist treatment


PHR: PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE        Over 40,000 Veterans who served in the 1991 Gulf War have chronic multisymptom illness that defines Gulf War Veterans Illness (GWVI). There are no proven treatments to provide relief to these sufferers, so it is critical to find efficacious and acceptable treatments for GWVI. Our goal is to develop a safe and effective mind-body treatment to reduce pain and enhance wellness in Veterans with GWVI without the side-effects of drug treatments. Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese mind-body therapy that has been practiced for centuries. Our team has demonstrated that Tai Chi can improve physical health and psychological well-being for individuals with a variety of chronic conditions. Providing GW Veterans even moderate relief from chronic and debilitating symptoms of GWVI could have a profound impact on improving their overall sense of well-being and quality of life, the ultimate measure of treatment efficacy.

PI_NAMEs: MORI, DEANNA L.;NILES, BARBARA L. (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Aftercare;Chinese;Chronic;chronic pain management;Cognition;cognitive function;comparison intervention;debilitating symptom;Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Drug Side Effects;Education;Educational process of instructing;effective therapy;Effectiveness;Exercise;experience;Fatigue;follow up assessment;follow-up;Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Goals;Gulf War;Gulf War veteran;Healthcare;Home;improved;Individual;Intervention;intervention participants;Investigation;Length;Measures;meetings;Mind-Body Intervention;MRI Scans;neurobiological mechanism;novel;pain reduction;pain symptom;Participant;Patients;persistent symptom;Pharmacotherapy;physical conditioning;Physical Function;Pilot Projects;public health relevance;Quality of life;Randomized;randomized trial;reduce symptoms;Reporting;Research;Research Design;Rest;Stretching;symptom treatment;Symptoms;Tai Ji;Treatment Efficacy;Veterans;Well in self;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Novel Interventions for Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses

STUDY_SECTION: SPLD

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Special Emphasis - Research on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses[SPLD]


ADMINISTERING_IC: GM

ED_INST_TYPE: SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

IC_NAME: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES

ORG_CITY: PASADENA

ORG_NAME: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PHR: Project Narrative  Studies proposed in this renewal application for the GM031530 grant will address several new regulatory aspects of the Arg/N-degron pathway of protein degradation, a universally present and important proteolytic system. Specific proposed studies address a coupling between a C-degron and stability of a protein’s mRNA, the new phenomenon of superchanneling, and a functional (as well as mechanistic) link between human caspases and the Arg/N-degron pathway. Our studies of this proteolytic system will contribute to advances in fundamental biology and may also lead to therapies for specific human diseases.

PI_NAMEs: VARSHAVSKY, ALEXANDER J (contact)

PROGRAM_OFFICER_NAME: BARSKI, OLEG

PROJECT_TERMS: Acetylation;adaptive immunity;Address;amidase;Amino Acids;Aminopeptidase;Apoptosis;Autophagocytosis;biological adaptation to stress;Biological Process;Biology;C-terminal;Calpain;Cardiovascular system;Caspase;Cell Cycle;Cell Differentiation process;cell motility;CHEK1 gene;Chromosome Cohesion;Circadian Rhythms;Code;Complex;Coupling;Cytoskeleton;Cytosol;Data;deamidation;Defect;Disease;Dissection;DNA;DNA Repair;Enzymes;Eukaryotic Cell;Genes;Genetic Code;Genetic Transcription;Gluconeogenesis;Goals;Grant;GTP-Binding Proteins;Health;Heme;Human;human disease;Immune system;Immunity;Inflammation;insight;Length;Link;lipid metabolism;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Meiosis;Messenger RNA;misfolded protein;Modification;Molecular Chaperones;multicatalytic endopeptidase complex;Mutation;N-terminal;Names;Natural Immunity;Nerve Degeneration;neurogenesis;Nitric Oxide;novel;oxidation;Oxygen;Pathway interactions;Peptide Hydrolases;Peptide Transport;Phosphotransferases;Physiological;Plants;Play;Process;protein degradation;Proteins;Proteolysis;recognins;Regulation;Research;RNA;Role;Route;segregation;Signal Transduction;Site;Specificity;Spermatogenesis;stem;Syndrome;System;Testing;Translations;Ubiquitin;ubiquitin ligase;ubiquitin-protein ligase;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Superchanneling, Regulation of Caspases, and Site-Specific Control of RNA

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Cell Structure and Function 1 Study Section[CSF1]


ORG_CITY: SAN DIEGO

ORG_NAME: VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

PHR: Post 9/11 Veterans who enroll in VA health care frequently present with suicidal ideation and/or recent suicidal behavior. Most of these Veterans are not screened that day, and their risk goes undetected. Studies show that screening for suicide risk, and associated mental health factors, can lead to early detection and referral to effective treatment thereby decreasing suicide risk. Many studies also show that technology can improve screening efforts. Building off 7 years of prior work, in this trial we will evaluate an innovative VHA technology, eScreening, to improve rate and speed of suicide risk screening and referral to mental health care compared to current screening methods used by transition care managers. This study will also evaluate a strategy designed to help programs implement eScreening in new sites. The results of the study could help identify best practices for screening in suicide prevention for Post-9/11Veterans enrolling in VHA and provide information on how best to implement technology-based screening into clinical care programs.

PI_NAMEs: PITTMAN, JAMES  (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: Address;Adoption;alcohol use disorder;Alcohols;Area;Caring;Case Manager;Clinical;clinical care;comparative;Computer software;cost;Data;Depressive disorder;design;Detection;Diagnosis;Diffusion;Documentation;Early Diagnosis;Early identification;Educational workshop;effective therapy;Effectiveness;effectiveness evaluation;effectiveness research;Electronics;Enrollment;Evaluation;Evidence based practice;Feedback;Feeling suicidal;Goals;Health;Health system;Healthcare;Homogeneously Staining Region;Hybrids;implementation efforts;implementation research;implementation science;implementation strategy;improved;innovation;Intervention;Interview;Maintenance;Managed Care;Managed Care Programs;Manuals;Medical Records;Mental Depression;Mental disorders;Mental Health;Mental Health Associations;Mental Health Services;Methodology;Methods;military veteran;Names;Online Systems;Outcome;Paper;Patients;Performance;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;post 9/11;post intervention;Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders;Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model;pragmatic trial;Process;process improvement;programs;Questionnaires;Randomized;Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance;Reporting;Research;research to practice;response;Risk;scale up;screening;screening program;Site;Speed;suicidal behavior;suicidal risk;Suicide;Suicide prevention;suicide rate;Symptoms;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Training;user centered design;verbal;Veterans;web-based assessment;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Effectiveness and Implementation of eScreening in Post 9/11 Transition Programs

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: HSR-4  Mental and Behavioral Health[HSR4]


ADMINISTERING_IC: ES

IC_NAME: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES

NIH_SPENDING_CATS: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems;Tobacco

ORG_CITY: BIRMINGHAM

ORG_DEPT: PATHOLOGY

ORG_NAME: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM

ORG_STATE: AL

PHR: The proposed research is relevant to public health because it focuses on measuring the cellular effects of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) exposure in pulmonary and cardiovascular models to better understand the inhalation exposure effects of DHA. DHA generated by e-cigarettes is inhaled by vapers, enters cells, and is incorporated into metabolic pathways causing metabolic changes and mitochondrial damage. This work will establish critical links between DHA exposure and disease for e-cigarette users by understanding DHA’s ability to alter cell homeostasis, cause severe declines in cellular function, and induce cell death. .

PI_NAMEs: GASSMAN, NATALIE ROSE (contact)

PROGRAM_OFFICER_NAME: SHAUGHNESSY, DANIEL

PROJECT_TERMS: absorption;Acute;Address;Advanced Glycosylation End Products;Affect;Animals;Antioxidants;biomarker validation;Blood Circulation;Cardiovascular Models;Cardiovascular system;Cell Cycle Arrest;Cell Death;Cell Death Induction;Cell Line;Cell model;Cell Physiology;Cells;Cellular Stress;Chronic;cofactor;cytotoxic;Dihydroxyacetone;Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate;Disease;DNA Damage;DNA Repair;Dose;e-cigarette aerosols;Electronic cigarette;electronic cigarette use;electronic cigarette user;electronic liquid;Endothelial Cells;Epidemiology;Epithelial Cells;Equilibrium;Exposure to;Free Radicals;Future;Genetic Transcription;genotoxicity;Glycerol;Glycolysis;Goals;Homeostasis;Human;Inhalation;Inhalation Exposure;innovation;Ion Channel;Isotope Labeling;Kidney;kidney cell;Link;Liver;Lung;lung microvascular endothelial cells;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolic dysfunction;Metabolic Pathway;Metabolic stress;Metabolism;meter;Mitochondria;mitochondrial dysfunction;Modeling;Organelles;Outcome;oxidation;Oxidation-Reduction;Oxidative Stress;Oxidative Stress Induction;Permeability;programs;Propylene Glycols;Protein Glycosylation;Proteins;Public Health;Reactive Oxygen Species;Research;Schedule;Signal Transduction;Skin;Skin tanning;stress reduction;sugar;Testing;Time;Tissues;Translating;Umbilical vein;vaper;vaping;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Dihydroxyacetone exposure induces metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction

STUDY_SECTION: XNDA

STUDY_SECTION_NAME: Xenobiotic and Nutrient Disposition and Action Study Section[XNDA]


ADMINISTERING_IC: HD

ED_INST_TYPE: UNIVERSITY-WIDE

FUNDING_MECHANISM: TRAINING, INDIVIDUAL

IC_NAME: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

NIH_SPENDING_CATS: Biotechnology;Congenital Structural Anomalies;Dietary Supplements;Genetics;Human Genome;Neurosciences;Nutrition;Pediatric;Stem Cell Research;Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human

ORG_STATE: CA

PHR: Project Narrative The neural plate border is the site of specification for diverse cell types including neural crest and ectodermal placode cells, and cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite the involvement of neural plate border cells and their derivatives in human health and disease—craniofacial and cardiovascular defects, cancers including melanoma and neuroblastoma, and congenital deafness can all result from their dysfunction—a detailed understanding of their early specification and lineage commitment is lacking. The goal of this proposal is to investigate the epigenetic regulation of miRNAs during specification of neural plate border cells in order to understand how this diverse pool of progenitors becomes differentially primed for the acquisition of distinct fates.

PI_NAMEs: EDENS, BRITTANY MEGAN (contact)

PROGRAM_OFFICER_NAME: STEIN, KATHRYN K

PROJECT_TERMS: Activities of Daily Living;Affect;Ascorbic Acid;Ascorbic Acid Deficiency;ATAC-seq;Binding;Cardiovascular system;cell fate specification;cell type;Cells;Central Nervous System;Cephalic;Chick Embryo;Chromatin;cofactor;Complex;Congenital Abnormality;congenital deafness;Congenital Heart Defects;Core Facility;CpG Islands;craniofacial;craniofacial structure;CRISPR/Cas technology;Defect;demethylation;Development;Developmental Biology;Dioxygenases;Disease;Disparate;DNA;DNA Methylation;DNA Modification Methylases;Ectoderm;Elements;Embryo;Embryology;Embryonic Development;embryonic stem cell;Epidermis;Epigenetic Process;epigenetic regulation;experimental study;folate-binding protein;Folic Acid;Functional disorder;Ganglia;Gastrula;Gene Expression;Genetic;genetic approach;Genetic Transcription;Genome;Goals;Health;Human;in vivo;Individual;insight;Investigation;knock-down;Knowledge;malformation;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Melanoma;Messenger RNA;methyl group;Methylation;methylation pattern;MicroRNAs;Microscopy;miRNA expression profiling;Molecular;mRNA Expression;Multipotent Stem Cells;nerve stem cell;neural;Neural Crest;neural plate;Neural tube;Neuroblastoma;Pathology;Play;Process;progenitor;promoter;Regulatory Element;Role;Sensory;single cell ATAC-seq;single cell sequencing;Site;Small RNA;spatiotemporal;Specific qualifier value;stem cell fate;Structure;Syndrome;Techniques;Technology;Territoriality;Testing;Tissues;transcription factor;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;vertebrate embryos;Vitamins

PROJECT_TITLE: Analysis of transcriptional priming of progenitors in the vertebrate neural plate border


PHR: VA has mandated that all Veterans be screened for PTSD annually for the first five years after military separation and every five years thereafter to identify Veterans with undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and provide them with evidence-based interventions. Despite these efforts, nearly half of Veterans who receive a new positive PTSD screen in primary care receive no follow-up VA-based mental health care. To improve access to care for these Veterans, information is needed regarding who is being lost to follow-up, where in the process they are being lost, and why these Veterans are not receiving VA care. The immediate goals of this HSR&D IIR project are to map the pathways Veterans follow after screening positive for PTSD that may eventually lead to VA mental health care, and to understand the factors that may facilitate or hinder this process. Our findings will directly inform the development of policy guidance and the implementation of targeted access interventions, thereby improving access to VA mental health care for all Veterans with PTSD.

PI_NAMEs: BOVIN, MICHELLE  (contact)

PROJECT_TERMS: adverse outcome;Area;Caring;Classification;Clinic;Clinical;Community Healthcare;Consult;Data;Data Analyses;data warehouse;development policy;Enrollment;Ensure;Evidence based intervention;Evidence based treatment;experience;falls;follow-up;Funding;Goals;Guidelines;health care availability;Health Services Accessibility;Healthcare;Homogeneously Staining Region;Impairment;implementation strategy;Improve Access;improved;Individual;individual variation;innovation;insight;Intake;Intervention;Interview;Lead;Leadership;Link;Maps;Media Campaign;Medical;medical specialties;Mental disorders;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Methodology;Methods;Military Personnel;Pathway interactions;Patients;Pilot Projects;Policies;Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders;Predictive Factor;predictive modeling;Primary Care;primary care clinic;Process;Provider;Quality of life;Research Design;response;Role;Running;Schedule;screening;Series;Site;Structure;suicidal;Suicide;Symptoms;System;Testing;Veterans;Work

PROJECT_TITLE: Understanding Pathways to Care for Veterans who Screen Positive for PTSD: The PTSD Access To Healthcare (PATH) Study