Organic fluorides: implications for psychiatry.
The widespread use of synthetic organic fluorides has recently received attention as a potential health hazard. There are a number of organic fluorides which have become important considerations in psychiatry. Therapeutically the organic fluorides include the neuroleptics trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, triflupromazine, and haloperidol, the benzodiazepine flurazepam and the polyfluorinated inhalant convulsant indoklon. On the negative side, deliberate inhalation of fluorocarbon aerosol propellants has become a modern form of drug abuse among the young. A review is presented on the biochemistry and toxicology of organic fluorides with special emphasis on implications to the field of psychiatry.
D000336:Aerosols; D000776:Anesthesiology; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D001711:Biotransformation; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology; D002621:Chemistry; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005463:Fluoroacetates / Q000633:toxicity; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000209:etiology; D005481:Flurothyl / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects
D000336:Aerosols; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D005463:Fluoroacetates; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D005481:Flurothyl