Activities of citrate synthase, NAD+-linked and NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in nervous tissues from vertebrates and invertebrates.
1. The activities of citrate synthase and NAD+-linked and NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases were measured in nervous tissue from different animals in an attempt to provide more information about the citric acid cycle in this tissue. In higher animals the activities of citrate synthase are greater than the sum of activities of the isocitrate dehydrogenases, whereas they are similar in nervous tissues from the lower animals. This suggests that in higher animals the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction is far-removed from equilibrium. If it is assumed that isocitrate dehydrogenase activities provide an indication of the maximum flux through the citric acid cycle, the maximum glycolytic capacity in nervous tissue is considerably greater than that of the cycle. This suggest that glycolysis can provide energy in excess of the aerobic capacity of the tissue. 2. The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase are high in most nervous tissues and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase are high in all nervous tissue investigated. However, the activities of alanine aminotransferase are low in all tissues except the ganglia of the waterbug and cockroach. In these insect tissues, anaerobic glycolysis may result in the formation of alanine rather than lactate.
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000663:Amphibians / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006019:Glycolysis; D007313:Insecta / Q000201:enzymology; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009243:NAD; D009249:NADP; D008121:Nephropidae / Q000201:enzymology; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000201:enzymology*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000201:enzymology; D007652:Oxo-Acid-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012104:Reptiles / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D000637:Transaminases / Q000378:metabolism*
D009243:NAD; D009249:NADP; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D000637:Transaminases; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D007652:Oxo-Acid-Lyases