Regulation of release from isolated adrenergic secretory vesicles by ATP-mediated changes in transmembrane potential and anion permeability.
Isolated chromaffin granules release their contents when exposed to calcium, magnesium, ATP, and high levels of chloride ions. The mechanism of release is not well-understood, but changes in anion permeability may be involved. We found that another anion, thiocyanate (SCN-), also activated release in a fashion similar to chloride, while isethionate (HO-CH2-CH2SO3-) an impermeant anion, was inactive. Mg++-ATP was found to activate the uptake of 36Cl and 14C-SCN, leading us to conclude that activation of anion uptake might be involved in the release process. The 36Cl and the 14C-SCN compartments were then compared by studying displacement of the trace anions by excess cold mass. Chloride and SCN displaced large amounts of both 36Cl and 14C-SCN, while isethionate displaced little of either tracer anion. We suggest, on the basis of these data, that ATP-mediated anion uptake may be the basis for the release mechanism. Release may occur as a consequence of anion and subsequent water uptake into granules, resulting in osmotic imbalance and osmotic shock. This may also be of physiologic importance, and we propose a cellular model for secretion based on  the biochemical properties of the isolated chromaffin granule.
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D002837:Chromaffin Granules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002838:Chromaffin System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008959:Models, Neurological; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000378:metabolism
D002712:Chlorides; D013861:Thiocyanates; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004837:Epinephrine