[Psychopharmacology in aviation and astronautics].
Flights aboard modern vehicles are associated with high nervous-emotional and physical stresses. This may induce depletion of reserve capabilities, development of fatigue and, consequently, reduction of work capacity of crewmembers. The paper discusses approaches and results of the use of drugs by pilots and cosmonauts in order to alleviate their fatigue and emotional stress. It gives indications and contraindications for the adminstration of stimulants and tranquilizers. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the literature data and their own findings, the authors draw the conclusion that the use of stimulants and anxiolytics may increase the level of reliability and performance of air- and spacecraft pilots during programmed and, particularly, contigent situations of the flight.
D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005221:Fatigue / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D011600:Psychopharmacology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013026:Space Flight; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000188:drug therapy; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation
D000662:Amphetamines; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D000661:Amphetamine
Psikhofarmakologiia v aviatsii i kosmonavtike.