The availability of folates in man: effect of orange juice supplement on intestinal conjugase.
The mechanisms of the low availability of endogenous folates in orange juice and the inhibitory effects on the availability of pteroylheptaglutamate (PteGlu7) caused by orange juice supplements were investigated in man by the use of simulated orange juice (containing the principal components: citric acid, malic acid, etc.) with several different pHs. The endogenous folates in orange juice were identified as mainly 5-methyl reduced derivatives of pteroylpolyglutamates (40-45% pentaglutamate, 10-15% tetraglutamate, 30-40% monoglutamate, and the rest were tri-and diglutamates). The availability of PteGlu7 is decreased to 54% by supplementation with 600 g concentrated orange juice (pH 3.7) and to 39% and 66% by the supplement of 24 g and 12 g citric acid (pH 3.7), respectively. Neutralization of 12 g citric acid to pH 6.4 largely reverses the inhibitory effect. On the other hand, the availability of pteroylmonoglutamate (PteGlu) is not influenced by a supplement of orange juice or citric acid. The results suggest that the low availability of PteGlu7 is due to the inhibition of intestinal conjugase caused by the low pH. These observations suggest that pH of foodstuffs may be an important factor in the absorption of polyglutamate forms of folate.
D000328:Adult; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002957:Citrus; D004032:Diet; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005504:Food Analysis; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D011623:gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase / Q000378:metabolism*
D002951:Citrates; D005492:Folic Acid; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; D011623:gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase