title: The incretin concept today.
abstract: 1. The insulinogenic factor of the gastrointestinal mucosa named "incretin" is only one part of the complex enteroinsular axis. --2. Of the chemically defined gastrointestinal hormones GIP is the strongest incretin candidate. --3. Because of the dual function of GIP as gastrone and insulinotropic substance several safeguards against GIP-mediated insulin hypoglycaemia exist. --4. No pathological condition has yet been found which is causally related to hyper- or hyposecretion of GIP. However, an exaggerated GIP response (usually secondary to the disease) may participate in the pathogenesis of hyperinsulinaemia of patients with obesity and duodenal ulcer. --5. The injection of GIP antibodies only partially abolishes the incretin effect. Therefore, GIP, although important, is not the only incretin.
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D005246:Feedback; D005755:Gastrins / Q000502:physiology; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010455:Peptides