title: Hyperbilirubinemic and cholestatic syndromes. New concepts aiding recognition and management.
abstract: An elevated bilirubin level can be classified as hyperbilirubinemia only if results of all other liver function tests are normal. In contrast, cholestatic syndromes are characterized by elevations in various measurements of liver function, particularly alkaline phosphatase, bile acid, gammaglutamyl transferase, and 5'-nucleotidase.
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism; D002758:Cholangiography; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D002765:Cholecystography; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D009708:Nucleotidases / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D013577:Syndrome; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D009708:Nucleotidases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001663:Bilirubin