title: beta-Galactosidases in mouse duodenal mucosa.
abstract: beta-Galactosidase activity, in fetal mice, first appears at 16 days of gestation and has a pH optimum of 4. In postnatal development the enzyme activity of cell homogenates tends to show bimodal pH at 4 and 5.6. There are two molecular forms of the enzyme, separable both by molecular-sieve chromatography and electrophoresis. One of the molecular forms of the enzyme is active over a wider range of pH (3.2-6.2) and has half as much activity at 5.6 as it does at 4. This isoenzyme is continuously present in both fetal and postnatal stages. The second isoenzyme first appears at birth, is active over a narrower range of pH (4.6-6.2) and inactive at PH 4. The bimodal pH optima observed in postnatal stages in the cell homogenates, appears to be due to the combined activity of the two molecular forms. In isolated brush border membranes, isoenzyme 2 is the only one present. The other organelles (mitochondria, microsomes, lysosomes, nuclei and cytoplasm) have variable proportions of both isoenzymes, as indicated by the activity ratio at pH 4/5.6.
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004386:Duodenum / Q000201:enzymology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000201:enzymology; D005696:Galactosidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008871:Microvilli / Q000201:enzymology; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011247:Pregnancy; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005696:Galactosidases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase