title: Ventricular quadrigeminy as a manifestation of concealed bigeminy.
abstract: Long rhythm strips were analyzed from five patients with frequent ventricular extrasystoles. The predominant pattern was quadrigeminal; i.e., three sinus beats between extrasystoles. However, about 20% of the interectopic intervals contained numbers of sinus beats (S) greater than three. Analysis of the distribution of such values of S greater than 3 revealed that there were many more odd than even values (P less than 0.001). Also, carotid sinus pressure yielded only odd values of S greater than 3. This predominance of odd values strongly suggested the existence of concealed extrasystoles. Therefore, all odd values of S greater than 3 were analyzed to determine whether they satisfied the criterion for concealed bigeminy (S = 2n - 1) or for concealed quadrigeminy (S = 4n - 1). The distribution was found to satisfy the criterion for concealed bigeminy, suggesting that the quadrigeminal pattern was a manifestation of a 2:1 rather than a 4:1 block in a re-entry loop. Stable quadrigeminy occurs often in concealed bigeminy, because the re-entrant impulse finds the myocardium excitable after a normal R-R interval but refractory after a compensatory pause.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005117:Cardiac Complexes, Premature / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006327:Heart Block / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction