title: Effects of amino acids, adenine nucleotides and inorganic pyrophosphate on glutamine synthetase from Anabaena cylindrica.
abstract: Glutamine synthetase (L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2) from Anabaena cylindrica was inhibited by alanine, glycine, serine and aspartate. The effects of alanine and serine were uncompetitive with respect to glutamate, while those of glycine and asparatate were uncompetitive with respect to glutamate, while those of glycine and aspartate were non-competitive and mixed type respectively. Different pairs of amino acids and their various combinations caused a cumulative inhibition of the enzyme activity. Glutamine synthetase was also inhibited by ADP and AMP and both nucleotides affected the enzyme competitively with respect to ATP and non-competitively for glutamate. Inorganic pyrophosphate, between 2 and 3 mM, produced a very pronounced inhibiton of enzyme activity. The inhibition by PPi was uncompetitive for ATP. Various combinations of the adenine nucleotides, PPi and Pi exerted a cumulative inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity, as did the amino acids, in different combinations with either adenine nucleotides, PPi or Pi. The effects of the adenine nucleotides and the amino acids were more pronounced at higher concentrations of ammonia. Except for serine similar responses of these effectors were obtained with increasing concentrations of Mg2+. It is proposed that changes in the free concentrations of Mg2+ are important in energy-dependent regulation of the enzyme activity in this alga.
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D000596:Amino Acids; D011756:Diphosphates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D008274:Magnesium