title: Risk factors in calcium stone disease of the urinary tract.
abstract: The concept that calcium stone formation may be explained on the basis of a number of risk factors is developed. The main risk factors involved are shown to be calcium, oxalate, pH, acid mucopolysaccharides and uric acid. A method is described for calculating and combining the individual risk factors into a measure of the "relative probability" of forming stones (PSF). PSF values are generally lower in normal subjects than in stone-formers. Amongst the normals, PSF values are lower in children and women than in men. Recurrent stone-formers have the highest PSF values and these correlate well with the severity of the diseases as defined by the stone episode rate of the patient. Single stone-formers have PSF values intermediate between those of normal men and those of recurrent stone-formers.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D012306:Risk; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid