title: A chronic electrode implantation technique for sub-mammalian vertebrates.
abstract: A new microelectrode implantation technique is described for recording electrical activity in the brains of awake, unrestrained small animals. The technique employs a miniature heating element and wax seal to enable movement of the microelectrode. Preliminary results in toads (Bufo americanus) are presented as an example of the technique.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002025:Bufonidae; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008839:Microelectrodes