title: Recent advances in diagnosis and management of galactorrhea.
abstract: Using prolactin suppression (L-dopa) and provocative (thorazine) tests along with the clomid test the intactness of hypothalamico-pituitary axis was assessed in a group of eight patients  with galactorrhea syndrome. Pituitary neoplasm was suspected in three cases on the basis of elevated plasma prolactin and its abnormal response to L-dopa, thorazine, and clomid tests. Trans-sphenoidal exploration of the pituitary gland in these three cases confirmed the diagnosis. In these cases, however, the commonly used parameters for evaluation of the pituitary gland (skull X ray, visual field measurement, echoencephalogram, etc.) failed to reveal the presence of the pituitary lesions. In two of the three cases, normal menses recurred following extirpation of the tumors and conception was achieved successfully. In the remaining patient the operation failed to remove the entire pituitary lesion and it was necessary to irradiate the pituitary gland as the patient continued to have persistent galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia. The importance of the prolactin assay, and its response to stimulation and suppression tests for proper evaluation of galactorrhea was fully discussed.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002746:Chlorpromazine; D002996:Clomiphene; D005260:Female; D005687:Galactorrhea / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007775:Lactation Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D007980:Levodopa; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002996:Clomiphene; D007980:Levodopa; D011388:Prolactin; D002746:Chlorpromazine