title: Myocardial conduction defects in association with compression of the umbilical cord. Experimental observations on fetal baboons.
abstract: Experiments have been performed in 16 pregnant baboons to study in greater detail the fetal hemodynamics, heart rate, and acid-base changes during occlusion of the umbilical cord. A total of 32 observations were made during which the umbilical cord was completely occluded with the fetus intact in utero; 11 were made after the intravenous administration of atropine, 0.01 to 0.02 mg. per kilogram, to fetus. Various degrees of conduction defects occurred in 17 of 21 observations before atropine. Complete atrioventricular block with extrasystoles was seen six times. Upon release of cord occlusion, there was a rapid recovery of myocardial conduction. Atropine prevented myocardial conduction defects; bradycardia was less and the onset was delayed. These observations suggest that myocardial conduction defects which occur during the course of cord occlusion are due to parasynpathetic stimulation. They could also be due to an increased sensitivity of the fetal myocardium to acetylcholine under hypoxic conditions. No recommendation can be made at the present time with regard to the administration of atropine to the fetus when cord compression is suspected on clinical grounds.
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001769:Blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D005117:Cardiac Complexes, Premature / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003250:Constriction; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D000882:Haplorhini; D006327:Heart Block / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010215:Papio; D011247:Pregnancy; D014470:Umbilical Cord
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D001285:Atropine; D010100:Oxygen