Electrostatic interactions at charged lipid membranes. Electrostatically induced tilt.
The changes in bilayer structure induced by surface charges in the case of an ionizable lipid were studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and film-balance measurements. With increasing surface charge in the ordered phase, the X-ray results show a decrease in bilayer thickness, whereas the hydrocarbon chain packing stays essentially constant, the Raman data signify that the internal chain ordering does not change, and the monolayer studies show a lateral expansion of the bilayer. These results are interpreted in terms of a tilt of the chains caused by the surface charges on the polar heads. The tilt angle between the direction of the chains and the bilayer normal is obtained by a detailed theoretical evaluation. The tilt allows for a better understanding of the electrostatically induced shift of the phase transition temperature and of the shift induced by the binding of water in the case of lecithin in contrast ethanolamine.
D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008433:Mathematics; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids