title: Carbon dioxide assimilation in cyanobacteria: regulation of ribulose, 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.
abstract: Cyanobacteria assimilate carbon dioxide through the Calvin cycle and therefore must regulate the activity of ribulose 1,5-bisophosphate carboxylase. Using an in situ assay, as well as measuring the activity in crude, partially purified, and homogeneous preparations, we can show that a number of phosphorylated intermediates exert a regulatory role. Three diverse organisms, Agmenellum quadruplicatum, Aphanocapsa 6714, and Anabaena sp. CA, were studied, and it was found that the in situ and cell-free carboxylase activities were particularly affected by low levels of phosphogluconate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. There was a marked activation by these ligands when the inactive enzyme was assayed in the presence of low levels of bicarbonate, a result significantly different from a previous report. Moreover, the fully activated enzyme was inhibited by phosphogluconate. In situ Anabaena CA carboxylase activity exhibited a particular capacity for activation by phosphogluconate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. However, activation of the crude, partially purified, or homogeneous Anabaena CA carboxylase by phosphogluconate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was significantly decreased when compared with enzyme activity in permeabilized cells. It appears that the microenvironment or the conformation of the enzyme within the cell may be significantly different from that of the isolated enzyme.
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005942:Gluconates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009243:NAD / Q000494:pharmacology; D009249:NADP / Q000494:pharmacology; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D005942:Gluconates; D009243:NAD; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009249:NADP; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase