The effects of input condition on free recall in young and old adults.
Free recall lists were presented to young (17 to 19, N = 42) and old (60 to 70, N = 42) males under three conditions: (a) active auditory - subjects read words aloud; (b) passive auditory - experimenter read words aloud as shown; (c) visual only - no one read words aloud. For words from the end of a list, recall was best at the active-auditory condition and worst at the visual-only condition for both age groups. For words from the beginning of a list, recall was best at the visual-only condition and worst at the active-auditory condition for both age groups. The young group recalled more words than the old at each presentation position under each condition.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D001307:Auditory Perception; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014796:Visual Perception