title: Ingested mutagens from opium and tobacco pyrolysis products and cancer of the oesophagus.
abstract: Substances which are commonly sucked or chewed in two areas where the incidence of oesophageal cancer is high, the Transkei and north-east Iran, were tested in bacterial mutagenicity assays. Pyrolysed substances, opium dross in north-east Iran and tobacco pipe residues in the Transkei, displayed mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence of rat liver microsomes.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects; D009892:Opium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012907:Smoking / Q000150:complications*; D013019:South Africa; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D009892:Opium