In vivo interaction of anticonvulsant drugs. The mathematical correlation of plasma levels of anticonvulsant drugs in epileptic patients.
The phenytoin plasma levels were measured in 45 epileptic patients whose only treatment was phenytoin. The plasma of 20 other patients receiving both phenytoin and phenobarbital was also tested for concentration of these two drugs and 18 patients treated with phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone were investigated in the same way. The results were used to calculate the plasma levels of phenytoin in relation to dosage and to measure the effect of the simultaneous use of phenobarbital on the phenytoin plasma levels and of primidone together with phenobarbital on phenytoin concentration. The results led to the following conclusions: The population of epileptic patients can be divided into 2 groups. In the first group the patients reach equilibrium at the relatively high phenytoin plasma level for a given dose of phenytoin, and in the second group the phenytoin plasma level tends to be significantly lower for parallel dosages. Both groups, in their behavior, obey mathematically an exponential graph specific for each group. Phenobarbital tends to lower the plasma phenytoin level when the two drugs are used simultaneously. It is also possible, by the graphs produced, to calculate the expected phenytoin plasma levels when using the drugs together. Primidone and phenobarbital together decrease the phenytoin level much more than expected from the effect of phenobarbital alone.
D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011324:Primidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*
D011324:Primidone; D010672:Phenytoin; D010634:Phenobarbital