title: Artificial sweeteners and human bladder cancer.
abstract: A positive association between the use of artificial sweetners, particularly saccharin, and risk of bladder cancer in males has been observed in a case-control study of 480 men and 152 women in three Provinces in Canada. The risk ratio for ever versus never used is 1-6 for males (P=0-009, one-tailed test), and a significant dose-response relationship was obtained for both duration and frequency of use. The population attributable risk for males is estimated at 7%, though for diabetics, who have a similar risk ratio for artificial sweetner use as non-diabetics, the attributable risk is 33%.
mesh_terms: D001955:British Columbia; D003494:Cyclamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D009674:Nova Scotia; D012306:Risk; D012439:Saccharin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012744:Sex Ratio; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003494:Cyclamates; D012439:Saccharin