title: Drugs in pregnancy and lactation.
abstract: The hazards of exposing the human fetus to drugs have become increasingly apparent in the last 15 years, during which time drug usage has steadily increased. Even though a direct cause-and-effect relationship between certain commonly used drugs and fetal disorders or malformations has been difficult to establish, the principle of avoidance of all but essential medications in pregnancy and in the potentially pregnant has become increasingly important. This paper summarizes the factors determining fetal damage and lists the problems associated with some drugs frequently encountered in practice.
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000139:chemically induced; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects; D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D013956:Antithyroid Agents; D006728:Hormones