title: Neurotoxicity of organophosphorus insecticides Leptophos and EPN.
abstract: Phosfolan, chlorpyrifos, and stirophos when applied to white mice at sublethal doses did not induce any delayed neurotoxic effect. On the other hand, Leptophos and EPN when administered orally at sublethal or lethal levels clearly produced a delayed neurotoxic ataxia in treated mice. The five tested organophosphorus insecticides were compared for their ability to inhibit cholinesterase, neurotoxic esterases and monoamine oxidase. I50 values were estimated for each case. The results revealed that all five compounds were inhibitors of cholinesterase, but only Leptophos and EPN were shown to be potent inhibitors for both neurotoxic esterase and monoamine oxidase in the mouse brain. Additional particular properties of both Leptophos and EPN were found in their ability to cause delayed neurotoxic ataxia in chickens and sheep fed once on sublethal doses of these compounds. It is believed that the phosphonate ester configuration of EPN and Leptophos has a specific mode of toxic action which is mainly located at the central nervous system. It is also postulated that these delayed neurotoxic agents might inhibit postganglionic sympathetic neurons, thus resulting in chronic paralytic effects.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004032:Diet; D004950:Esterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010773:Leptophos / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D004849:Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester / Q000633:toxicity*; D012756:Sheep; D013751:Tetrachlorvinphos / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D004849:Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester; D010773:Leptophos; C002301:phosfolan; D013751:Tetrachlorvinphos; D004950:Esterases; D004390:Chlorpyrifos