title: Hypospadias: a review.
abstract: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly with a prevalence estimated to be as high as 1 in 125 live male births. Its etiology is not entirely resolved but is embryologic in origin and has been attributed to fusion defects. Several authors believe it is a manifestation of intersex. Experience to date has produced a general consensus with regard to indications, timing and surgical principles for repair of the hypospadiac meatus. While two-stage procedures have been the mainstay of therapy, successful single-stage procedures have recently been developed. The prevention and management of the complications of persistant chordee, fistula and stricture make hypospadias repair one of the more challenging urologic procedures.
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000150:complications; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000209:etiology; D005402:Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000209:etiology