Cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum in motor control.
For voluntary movement, function generators are necessary that are located in the brain-stem, cerebellum and basal ganglia. Following lesions of these generators, voluntary movements are impaired while stimulus-dependent movements are still possible. This discussion also applies to speech production. The motor function generators cooperate with the whole cerebral cortex since both tactical adaptation to the environment and strategic guidance by the motivation system contribute to voluntary action. The motor cortex plays an epicritical role, adding advanced tactile and proprioceptive guidance for those movements that need this kind of regulation, especially the fine finger movements which depend entirely on the motor cortex. The complexity of the cerebral potentials preceding voluntary movement corresponds to the activity of several motor subsystems acting in concert.
D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000502:physiology*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D007839:Functional Laterality; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D012438:Saccades; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology