title: Precipitation of calcium phosphates from electrolyte solutions. V. The influence of citrate ions.
abstract: The influence of citrate ions on the precipitation of crystalline apatitic precipitates with low Ca/P molar ratios [octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and calcium-deficient apatites (DA) (system A)] and of the intercrystalline mixtures of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and DA (system B) was investigated. Samples were prepared by direct mixing of calcium chloride solutions (A, 6.10(-3) mol dm-3; B, 1.10(-1) mol dm-3) and sodium phosphate solutions (A, 6.10(-3) mol dm-3; B, 2.10(-2) mol dm-3) containing citrate (0-2.10(-3) mol dm-3) and preadjusted to pH 7.4. In the presence of citrate ions: (a) crystal growth of OCP and DA was slowed down; (b) habit modification of DCPD crystals occurred; and (c) equilibration in intercrystalline mixtures of DCPD and DA's was slowed down. All phenomena were caused by surface adsorption of negatively charged ions, most probably CaC6H5O7-, which is the prevalent calcium citrate species under the given experimental conditions. Habit modification of DCPD was induced by preferential adsorption at the (001) crystal plane.
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002951:Citrates; D003460:Crystallization; D004573:Electrolytes; D007477:Ions; D010758:Phosphorus; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002951:Citrates; D004573:Electrolytes; D007477:Ions; D012996:Solutions; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium