title: Parenteral nutrition in severely burned children.
abstract: In adults supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) is advisable in burns over 40% especially when weight loss exceeds 10% of body weight. In children with smaller reserves and higher requirement of proteins and energy no rigid scheme for parenteral supplementation is used at our unit. In a young infant it may be added already at a 20-30% deep burn, especially with connected gastrointestinal tract problems, infection etc. Metabolic and protein requirements are estimated 50-100% in addition to their normal needs. Hypertonic glucose (gradually increased from 20-40%), covered with insulin in the early phase, is used as source of carbohydrates. L-amino acid mixture containing the "pediatric essential amino acids" histidine and cysteine is given as a nitrogen source. 20% Intralipid is given in a gradually increased amount of 2-4 g/kg per day to provide calories and essential fatty acids. Among electrolytes K, Ca, P and Mg must be added. Increased amounts of vitamin C and folate are needed by burned children. Vitamin E is also required during prolonged lipid administration. Trace elements (Zn. Fe, etc.) are supplied orally or i.v. with special solutions or fresh  plasma infusions. Our experience with parenteral nutrition in severely burned children will be presented. There were no severe metabolic side-effects but sepsis represented the major problem. The concomitant heat preservation by warming the room and use of infra-red heaters is emphasized.
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002056:Burns / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004573:Electrolytes; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins