title: Folate antagonists. 13. 2,4-Diamino-6-](alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)thio]quinazoline and related 2,4-diamino-6-[(phenyl- and naphthyl)thio]quinazolines, a unique class of antimetabolites with extraordinary antimalarial and antibacterial effects.
abstract: An array of nonclassical thioquinazoline analogues (VIII) of methotrexate was prepared by cyclization of the requisite 2-amino-5-(arylthio)benzonitrile with chloroformamidine hydrochloride (28--79%). The aminonitrile precursors were obtained by SnCl2-HCl reduction (28--99%) of the corresponding 2-nitro-5-(arylthio)benzonitriles, which were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitriles with various arylthiols (36--83%). Many of the thioquinazolines (VIII) showed suppressive antimalarial activity comparable with or superior to chloroquine, cycloguanil, and pyrimethamine against drug-sensitive lines of Plasmodium berghei in mice and Plasmodium gallinaceum in chicks, and several displayed potent prophylactic activity with P. gallinaceum. Moreover, the thioquinazolines retained potent antimalarial effects against chloroquine-, cycloguanil-, pyrimethamine- and DDS-resistant lines of P. berghei in mice and against chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in owl monkeys. The most active compound, namely, 2,4-diamino-6-[alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)thio]quinazoline, was designated for preclinical toxicological studies. Numerous substances exhibited in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria at concentrations of less than 0.25 microgram/mL. The thioquinazolines also prove to be potent folate antagonists, causing 50% inhibition of Streptococcus faecalis R (ATCC 8043) at drug concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 ng/mL. Structure--activity relationships are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001029:Aotus trivirgatus; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000882:Haplorhini; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000187:drug effects; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D011799:Quinazolines