title: [Contrast echocardiography in two dimensions and in real time. 2. Clinical applications].
abstract: The anatomical and functional abnormalities which are the basis of septal defects and valvular incompetence can be visualised directly by two-dimensional contrast echocardiology. Although right-left shunts at atrial or ventricular level can easily be discovered and visualised after injection peripherally, the same is not true of left-right ventricular shunts; these are not detectable. As for left-right shunts (as demonstrated by oxymetry) at the atrial level, these are in a separate category; the passage of ultrasonic contrast medium from right to left is inconstant. This technique also allows the study of abnormal blood flow: tricuspid incompetence, turbulence caused by prosthetic valves, etc.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003287:Contrast Media; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
vernacular_title: Echocardiologie de contraste en deux dimensions et en temps réel. 2. applications cliniques.