title: Contralaterally elicited electrical stimulation of paralyzed facial muscles.
abstract: Functional electrical stimulation is being explored in the extremities. A major obstacle is found in programming the firing sequence. In 1976, David Zealear proposed using the activity on the normal side in axial muscle pairs that normally function symmetrically to act as a template to control the stimulator. This method was demonstrated in laryngeal muscles in dogs, and is now demonstrated in the face with future applications being proposed. The facial nerve on one side was sectioned in a series of rabbits. Implanted electrodes received electrical potentials from selected muscles on the normal side. Bursts of electrical activity on the normal side during a blink or a twitch were used to trigger a muscle stimulator, which was routed to matching muscles on the paralyzed side. This technique restored symmetric function to the hemiparalyzed side. This technique restored symmetric function to the hemiparalyzed face.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005149:Facial Expression; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D011817:Rabbits