title: Study of plasma osmolarity during the treatment of diabetic ketoacidoses.
abstract: Analysis of 610 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis, of which 210 severe cases, showed that before beginning the treatment 6.2% of the patients presented hypoosmolarity, 41.4% normoosmolarity (dysosmolarity) and 52.2% hyperosmolarity. In predominantly hypernatremic hyperosmolarity (5.9% of cases) the authors recommend weak alkaline hypotonic electrolytic solutions (222 mOsm/l). 5% glucose solution and insulin in small doses less than 5 U/h; in predominantly hyperglycemic hyperosmolarity, weak alkaline isotonic electrolytic solutions (309 mOsm/l) and insulin in medium doses (6--8 U/h); in exclusively hyperglycemic hyperosmolarity, hypertonic electrolytic solutions (395 mOsm/l) associated with sufficient insulin dosis (8--12 U/h).
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010949:Plasma / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007328:Insulin; D007552:Isotonic Solutions