title: The actions of dopaminergic and noradrenergic antagonists on conditioned avoidance responses in intact and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats.
abstract: The actions of various doses of haloperidol, pimozide, clozapine, and phenoxybenzamine were assessed on a conditioned-avoidance response (CAR) in control and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats, using a pole-climbing device. Haloperidol proved to be the most potent in disrupting the CAR. Pimozide was about 1.6 times less potent, and clozapine and phenoxybenzamine were approximately 52 and 155 times less potent than haloperidol, respectively. Prior treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine slightly enhanced the sensitivity to some of the doses of the DA and NE antagonists. Significantly lower levels of responding, however, were observed only after the highest dose of primozide. Clonidine was not only ineffective in reverting avoidance decrements, but also induced a further decline of the CAR. Apomorphine produced a partial, but significant, reversal of the haloperidol and pimozide-induced depression of conditioned responses. Regarding the clozapine-pretreated animals, a significant antagonism was observed only with the smaller dose of apomorphine. The highest dose induced a further decline of the CAR. The DA agonist was also ineffective in the phenoxybenzamine-injected rats. Amphetamine was effective in antagonizing the avoidance decrements produced by all the CA antagonists. Our results support the suggestion that CAR depends on both DA and NE mechanisms. DA seems to be more significant that NE, however, since the CAR was more depressed when receptors depending on the former neurotransmitter were blocked.
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006892:Hydroxydopamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010868:Pimozide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D006892:Hydroxydopamines; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; D010868:Pimozide; D000661:Amphetamine; D006220:Haloperidol; D003000:Clonidine; D001058:Apomorphine; D009638:Norepinephrine