title: High-dose renal pharmacoangiography in the assessment of hypovascular renal neoplasms.
abstract: From 6% to 25% of primary renal carcinomas are either hypovascular or avascular and are the major source of false negative angiography. High-dose renal pharmacoangiography, a valuable adjunct to conventional angiography, combines a renal vasodilator, acetylcholine, with a high dose of contrast medium. High-dose renal pharmacoangiography improves the diagnosis of hypovascular mass by enhancement of tumor vessels, increase of tumor stain, and better opacification of main and collateral renal veins. During a 4 year period, 20 hypovascular renal neoplasms were studied and successfully diagnosed preoperatively by this method.
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013679:Technology, Radiologic; D014043:Tolazoline
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014043:Tolazoline; D000109:Acetylcholine