Sterilization by spring clip: a report of 1000 cases with a 6-month follow-up.
In September 1972, clinical trials of a spring-loaded clip for laparoscopic sterilization were begun and extended to a number of centers in the United States and overseas. As of March 1974, more than 1000 patients had undergone the procedure, usually performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting, with no fixed contraindications. Complications and pregnancy rates based on a preliminary 6-month follow-up are presented. Complications due to application of the clip appeared to be limited to postoperative cramps lasting 24 to 48 hours (26% of the patients). No ectopic pregnancies were reported. Pregnancies, when corrected for unsuspected pregnancies and misapplication of the clip, occurred in 2 of these first 1000 patients. The difficulties and relative contraindications learned from this unselected series and the advantages over electrocagulation  techniques are discussed.
D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009657:North Carolina; D010146:Pain; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors