title: [Incidence and etiology of omphaloceles (author's transl)].
abstract: Omphaloceles are congenital malformations with herniation of the abdominal viscera into the umbilical cord. The incidence in newborns is 1:4300, the sex ratio 1.24:1 in favour to boys. Children with this malformation are neither more frequent at the beginning nor at the end of the sibship; the average maternal age is not increased. In about 50% other different malformations are found. All those omphaloceles, which are found as an obligatory symptom in the EMG syndrome (Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome) to be probably in most cases autosomal recessively inherited or which are seen within a chromosomal malformation syndrome are of etiologically known origin. Omphaloceles without other malformations are mainly sporadic, less frequent in sibs, possibly due to a polygenic or multifactorial mode of inheritance. Findings in population genetics and animal experiments suggest that exogenous factors, too, can be the cause of malformation syndromes with omphaloceles.
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D005860:Germany, West; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000151:congenital / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D012737:Sex Factors; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications; D013577:Syndrome; D014059:Tongue / Q000002:abnormalities
vernacular_title: Zur Häufigkeit und Atiologie der Omphalozelen