title: Sterilization failures in Singapore: an examination of ligation techniques and failure rates.
abstract: The University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kandang Kerbau Hospital in Singapore, initiated a study in early 1974 of failure rates for various methods of sterilization and the factors responsible for the failures. During the period January 1974 to March 1976, 51 cases of first pregnancy following ligation were discovered. Cumulative failure rates at 24 months were 0.34 per 100 women for abdominal sterilization, 1.67 for culdoscopic, 3.12 for vaginal, and 4.49 for laparoscopic procedures. Findings for 35 patients who underwent religation showed that recanalization and the establishment of a fistulous opening caused the majority of failures. Clearly, more effective methods of tubal occlusion in sterilization are needed.
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D003464:Culdoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D012846:Singapore; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery