Genetic loci of components of the classical and alternate pathway of complement activation: a new dimension of the immunogenetic linkage group (HLA) on chromosome 6 in man.
In this review, a working hypothesis is put forward that functional cooperation of various types of cells and proteins in immune recognition, mediation and response is maintained by a common chromosomal region which evolved over millions of years from a common ancestor by gene duplication. In brief, the known functions of the H-2 complex are discussed (susceptibility and resistance to viral infection, immune response genes, T-B cell interaction as non-self recognition and response). The addition of loci of the classical and alternate pathway of complement activation to the HLA region (i.e., C2, C4 and the Bf system) is reviewed with respect to functional relationship to immune recognition and mediation mechanisms. As expected according to this hypothesis, genes for late-acting components (C3, C5, C7 and C8 in man, C5 in mice) have so far not proved to be linked to HLA.
D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002906:Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X; D003175:Complement C2; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005796:Genes; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006680:HLA Antigens; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens; D006801:Humans; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D051379:Mice; D011414:Properdin; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology
D003175:Complement C2; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D006680:HLA Antigens; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens; D011414:Properdin; D003165:Complement System Proteins