title: Effects of lanthanum on calcium-dependent phenomena in human red cells.
abstract: Lanthanum (0.25 mM) does not penetrate into fresh or Mg2+-depleted cells, whereas it does into ATP-depleted or ATP + 2,3-diphosphoglycerate-depleted cells, into cells containing more than 3 mM calcium, or cells stored for more than 4 weeks in acid/citrate/dextrose solution. In fresh cells loaded with calcium, extracellular lanthanum blocks the active Ca2+-efflux completely and inhibits (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) activity to about 50%. In Mg2+-depleted cells Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange is inhibited by lanthanum. Ca2+-leak is unaffected by lanthanum up to 0.25 mM concentration; higher lanthanum concentrations reduce leak rate. In NaCl medium Ca2+-leak +/ S.D. amounts to 0.28 +/ 0.08 mumol/1 of cells per min, whereas in KC1 medium to 0.15 +/ 0.04 mumol/1 of cells per min at 2.5 mM [Ca2+]e and 0.25 mM [La3+]e pH 7.1. Lanthanum inhibits Ca2+-dependent rapid K+ transport in ATP-depleted and propranolol-treated red cells, i.e. whenever intracellular calcium is below a critical level. The inhibition of the rapid K+ transport can be attributed to protein-lanthanum interactions on the cell surface, since lanthanum is effectively detached from the membrane lipids by propranolol. Lanthanum at 0.2--0.25 mM concentration  has no direct effect on the morphology of red cells. The shape regeneration of Ca2+-loaded cells, however, is blocked by lanthanum owing to Ca2+-pump inhibition. Using lanthanum the transition in cell shape can be quantitatively correlated to intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.
mesh_terms: D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007811:Lanthanum; D011433:Propranolol; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium