title: Changes in the potassium ion concentration in the extracellular space of rat cerebral cortex during the arousal reaction.
abstract: The integrative activity of K+ ions in the CNS was studied in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Changes in the potassium ion concentration in the extracellular space ([K+]e) of the cerebral cortex were studied by means of ion-selective K+ microelectrodes introduced into the brain with an implanted micro-drive allowing measurement in the immobilized animal. EEG desynchronizations evoked by various arousal stimuli or of spontaneous origin were accompanied by a small, but definitely measurable and reliably reproducible [K+]e increment. In arousal reactions evoked by nociceptive stimuli and ammonia fumes, [K+]e rose from a resting value of 3 mM by a mean 0.31 +/- 0.04 mM and 0.61 +/- 0.15 mM respectively. The mean duration of the increase was 37 and 305 sec and the mean duration of corresponding EEG desynchronization 47 and 48 sec; the amplitude of the [K+]e change lagged 15 and 39 sec behind maximum EEG desynchronization. Periodic spontaneous desynchronizations lasting 123 sec, which were evidently associated with the sleep cycle and were accompanied by a [K+]e increment of 0.4 +/- 0.04 mM, occurred in two rats. Repeated nociceptive stimuli led to the elaboration of a conditioned arousal reaction manifested in a [K+]e increment prior to their application. [K+]e changes in arousal reactions were found to be a more sensitive index of the general activity of the neuronal population than DC potential changes.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D011188:Potassium