title: Control of dynamic and static nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres by gamma and beta axons in isolated cat muscle spindels.
abstract: 1. The behaviour of nuclear bag and nuclear chain intrafusal fibres in isolated cat muscle spindles with a blood supply, during stimulation of dynamic gamma axons, dynamic beta axons, or static gamma axons in ventral root filaments was observed and recorded on still and moving film. 2. Most spindles were controlled by one dynamic gamma axon (sometimes a beta axon) and three static gamma axons, one of which was often non-selective in distribution. A large majority of fusimotor axons controlled one pole of the spindle only. 3. Dynamic gamma and beta axons produced focal contraction in only one of the two nuclear bag fibres in any spindle and this fibre was never activated by static gamma axons. Maximal tetanic contraction was attained slowly and the primary sensory spiral on this fibre was stretched by a small amount only. This fibre has been named the 'dynamic nuclear bag fibre'. 4. Static gamma axons produced either: (a) focal contraction in the second of the two nuclear bag fibres only; (b) local contraction in the bundle of nuclear chain fibres only; or (c) contraction in one nuclear bag fibre and the nuclear chain fibres together. Maximum tetanic contraction of this nuclear bag fibre stretched its primary sensory spiral considerably and the time to plateau was relatively short. This fibre has been named the 'static nuclear bag fibre'. 5. 'Driving' of the Ia afferent discharge could always be produced by non-selective static gamma axons, frequently by static gamma axons controlling nuclear chain fibres alone, and was probably due to mechanical oscillation in nuclear chain fibres. It was never produced by dynamic gamma axons and on one occasion only by a static gamma axon controlling a nuclear bag fibre alone. 6. The conduction velocities of dynamic gamma and static gamma axons overlapped extensively, though dynamic gamma axons were absent from the lower end, and static gamma axons innervating nuclear chain fibres only were absent from the upper end, of the range of velocities. 7. The observations are correlated with spindle structure and histochemistry. Dynamic and static nuclear bag fibres are shown to correspond with 'bag1 fibres' and 'bag2 fibres', respectively (Ovalle & Smith, 1972). 8. The possible origin of the dynamic and static actions of fusimotor axons and the role of the dynamic and static intrafusal systems in motor control are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009470:Muscle Spindles / Q000502:physiology*; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009431:Neural Conduction; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006003:Glycogen