Cinematographic analysis of contractile events produced in intrafusal muscle fibres by stimulation of static and dynamic fusimotor axons.
1. Muscle spindles with an intact blood supply and uninterrupted connexions with ventral and dorsal spinal roots (Bessou & Pagés, 1967, 1972) have been prepared in cat's tenuissimus muscles with the aim of cinephotographically recording intrafusal movements induced by the stimulation of single static or dynamic gamma axons; the time cours of these movements and the morphological kind of activated intrafusal muscle fibres have been established. 2. Displacements of spindle guiding marks in the equatorial region elicited by stimulating single static gamma axons are 4-20 times greater in amplitude than the ones elicited by stimulating dynamic gamma axons at the same frequency. 3. The dynamic gamma axons induced a contraction only in nuclear bag fibres which, in addition, never received any static gamma innervation. The static gamma axons evoked contractions either in nuclear bag fibres alone, or in nuclear chain fibres alone, or in both types of intrafusal fibres. Two thirds of static gamma axons supplied nuclear bag fibres. For various reasons, one half only of static gamma axons innervating nuclear bag fibres could be shown to simultaneously innervate nuclear chain fibres. Consequently, about one third of static gamma axons supplied both nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres, but it is highly probable that this latter figure is an underestimate. One third of static gamma axons produced contraction in nuclear chain fibres only. In this work, the distribution of fusimotor axons has been established in only one muscle spindle of the cluster of muscle spindles that each fusimotor axon is generally innervating. 4. Generally speaking, a static gamma axon elicits contraction of several intrafusal fibres whereas a dynamic gamma axon innervates only one intrafusal fibre and frequently only one pole of the fibre. 5. One third of static gamma axons evoked contractions in nuclear chain fibres that seemed to involve the whole pole. The other static gamma axons and all dynamic gamma axons produced, in the intrafusal fibres that they supplied, one or several foci of localized contractions. 6. The nuclear chain fibres contract and relax faster than nuclear bag fibres. The contractions of nuclear bag fibres supplied by static gamma axons are stronger and faster than those of nuclear bag fibres innervated by dynamic gamma axons. Nearly all nuclear bag fibres innervated by static gamma axons, like the nuclear chain fibres, show transient contractions at each pulse of a stimulation at low frequency (2-20/sec). 7. The results are discussed taking into account the available anatomical and physiological data on the muscle spindle. Their consequences with regard to intrafusal working are briefly considered.
D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D009040:Motion Pictures; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009047:Motor Neurons, Gamma / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009470:Muscle Spindles / Q000502:physiology*; D009210:Myofibrils / Q000502:physiology; D009431:Neural Conduction; D013997:Time Factors