title: Hodgkin's disease: problems of staging.
abstract: The preferred histopathological classification of Hodgkin's disease (HD) is that suggested by Lukes and Butler as modified at the Rye Symposium; the histologic subtypes are highly reproducible and correlate well with the anatomic sites of involvement, clinical stage, and survival. The accuracy of the bipedal lymphangiogram, 67gallium scan, and ultrasonography in predicting abdominal involvement by HD is 90% , 50%, and 88%, respectively. Staging laparotomy remains the most accurate method of detecting intra-abdominal disease and has added immensely to new concepts in the management of HD. These concepts suggest that patients with nodal disease limited to the celiac axis or upper para-aortic areas (substage III1) or pathologic stage (PS) IIIS+N-A, when treated with extended field radiotherapy alone have survival rates comparable to PS IIA patients. In contrast, patients in PS IIIA with lower abdominal nodal disease (substage III2), regardless of splenic involvement, have a prognosis comparable to PS IV disease. Thus, there may only be two stages of HD, those curable with extended mantle or smaller radiotherapy fields alone, and those requiring chemotherapy with or without supplemental radiotherapy.
mesh_terms: D001856:Bone Marrow Examination; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007813:Laparotomy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008220:Lymphography; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D013160:Splenic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014567:Urography; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes