title: Clinical and endocrinological analyses of patients with galactorrhea and menstrual disorders due to sulpiride or metoclopramide.
abstract: The clinical courses of galactorrhea and menstrual disorders were studied in 18 women with galactorrhea induced by sulpiride (SLP) or metoclopramide (MCP) given for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The response of PRL and TSH to 500 micrograms iv TRH and the response of LH and FSH to 100  micrograms LRH were assessed by retrospective analysis during treatment in nine patients (six, SLP; three, MCP) and shortly after the end of treatment in nine patients (seven, SLP; two, MCP). The average time from the initiation of treatment to the onset of galactorrhea was 27.2 +/- 4.7 (mean +/- SE) days in the 13 SLP-treated patients and 23.2 +/- 5.8 days in the 5 MCP-treated patients. Five of the SLP-treated patients experienced amenorrhea, four had oligomenorrhea, and one had dysfunctional bleeding. In the MCP-treated patients, oligomenorrhea and dysfunctional bleeding occurred in one each. The average length of time from the end of treatment to disappearance of galactorrhea was 50.0 +/- 7.3 days in the SLP-treated patients and 56.6 +/- 12.1 days in the MCP-treated patients. Cyclic uterine bleeding returned within 2 months after treatment was stopped. Elevated PRL levels with good response to TRH were observed in four of six patients during SLP treatment, and in two of three patients during MCP treatment. Basal PRL levels and response to TRH were normal in almost all patients after the drugs were withdrawn. Normal HL and FSH levels with exaggerated responses of LH to LRH were observed in most patients during treatment, whereas the response of LH to LRH was normal in about half of the patients after treatment. Our findings suggest that hyperprolactinemia in patients treated with SLP or MCP may be in part the cause of both galactorrhea and menstrual abnormalities, and that these symptoms can be reversed by stopping treatment, provided the patients have not taken the drugs for longer than a year.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005687:Galactorrhea / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006801:Humans; D007775:Lactation Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D013469:Sulpiride / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013469:Sulpiride; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D013972:Thyrotropin; D008787:Metoclopramide; D013974:Thyroxine