title: Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XII. Effects of ionophore lysocellin on cation distribution and respiration in mitochondria.
abstract: The effects of the ionophore lysocellin on the movements of Ca2+, Mg2+ and alkali metal cations and its effect on energy utilization by rat liver mitochondria have been investigated. At a concentration of 0.05 micrometer, lysocellin induced dissociation of membrane-bound calcium, and an apparent steady state was established across the inner membrane between energy-linked calcium accumulation and the ionophore-induced depletion of calcium. No detectable efflux of intramitochondrial Ca2+ and Mg2+ was induced by 0.05 micrometer lysocellin, but the uptake of exogenously added calcium was significantly inhibited. The ionophore augmented Mg2+ release from mitochondria induced by Ca2+ addition and also caused rapid release of K+ from mitochondria preloaded with K+ by valinomycin or monazomycin. High levels (0.5 approximately 10 micrometer of lysocellin caused massive depletion of endogenous Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ from mitochondria, resulting in disruption of mitochondrial functions including release of state 4 respiration, stimulation of ATPase and inhibition of ADP- or DNP-stimulated respiration. Structure-activity studies with chemically modified compounds of lysocellin indicated the important role of terminal carboxylic acid and C21 hydroxyl function in the activity of the ionophore, and there is a good correlation between the effect of lysocellin on mitochondrial cation movements and its ability to complex with cations determined in an organic solvent-water two-phase partition system.
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003720:Densitometry; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007832:Lasalocid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004987:Ethers; D007476:Ionophores; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium; D007832:Lasalocid