title: Adaptation of red cell enzymes and intermediates in metabolic disorders.
abstract: The metabolic activity of the red cell glycolytic pathway hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP) with dependent glutathione system was studied in patients with hyperthyroidism (n = 10), hyperlipoproteinemia (n = 16), hypoglycemia (n = 25) and hyperglycemia (n = 23). In uncontrolled diabetics and patients with hyperthyroidism the mean value of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), glutathione reductase (GR) was increased, whereas these enzyme activities were reduced in patients with hypoglycemia. Apart from a few values of hexokinase (HK) which were lower than normal the results in hyperlipoproteinemia patients remained essentially unchanged, including the intermediates such as 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced glutathione (GSH). While increased rates of 2,3-DPG and ATP in hypoglycemia patients were obtained, these substrates were markedly reduced in diabetics.
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000201:enzymology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000097:blood; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000097:blood; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000201:enzymology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000201:enzymology*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000201:enzymology*; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1 / Q000097:blood; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D006593:Hexokinase; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase; D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase