title: Comparison of three methods for sampling the bovine upper respiratory tract for viruses.
abstract: A modified naso-pharyngeal swab with nylon bristles had certain advantages for sampling the bovine upper respiratory tract for viruses. The titre of parainfluenza virus type 3 recovered was greatest when this type of swab was used compared with two other methods of sampling.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D008722:Methods; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D018108:Respirovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*