title: Carbamyl phosphate synthetases in rat liver neoplasms.
abstract: Isozymes of carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS), CPS I, a mitochondrial enzyme found exclusively in liver and involved in urea synthesis, and of CPS II, a soluble cytoplasmic enzyme widely distributed in animal tissues, were assayed in rat liver and in a series of rat liver neoplasms ranging widely in growth rate and degree of differentiation. CPS I was absent from fast-growing, poorly differentiated hepatomas, such as the Novikoff hepatoma and Morris hepatomas 3924A and 9098F, but was present in slow-growing, well- and highly differentiated Morris hepatomas. However, there was no close correlation between the growth rate or degree of differentiation and the CPS I activity. Activity was very high, at levels comparable with normal liver at about 9 UNITS/G, IN SLOW-GROWING, HEPATOMAS 21, 47C, and 28A but was very low in other slow-growing highly differentiated hepatomas 9618A, 66, and 16. CPS II activity was present in normal liver and all hepatomas examined, but with very low activity, of the order of 1% or less of that of CPS I activity, with maximal values at 5 to 70 milliunits/g. Again, there was no clear correlation with growth rate; the activity was lowest in fast-growing, poorly differentiated hepatomas. A striking observation was a marked lowering of CPS I activity in livers of rats bearing large, slow-growing tumors that have high CPS I activity. As the tumors grew larger and the liver CPS I decreased, a relatively constant total CPS I activity was maintained, suggesting the existence of a homeostatic mechanism. The effect was not observed in rats bearing either fast-growing hepatomas or slow-growing hepatomas with low CPS I activity and was not due to some specific nutritional effects of the tumor on the host.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002219:Carbamates; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000032:analysis / Q000201:enzymology*; D002455:Cell Division; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D005215:Fasting; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000032:analysis / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000032:analysis / Q000201:enzymology; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010770:Phosphotransferases