title: Studies on the role of cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate and extracellular Ca2+ in the regulation of glycogenolysis in rat liver cells.
abstract: Catecholamines increased guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) accumulation by isolated rat liver cells. The increases in cyclic GMP due to 1.5 muM epinephrine, isoproterenol, or phenylephrine were blocked by phenoxybenzamine but not by propranolol. The possibility that cyclic GMP is involved in the glycogenolytic action of catecholamines seems unlikely since cyclic GMP accumulation is also elevated by carbachol, insulin, A23187, and to a lesser extent by glucagon. Furthermore, carbachol had little effect on glycogenolysis while insulin actually inhibited hepatic glycogenolysis. The rise in cyclic GMP due to carbachol was abolished by atropine and that due to all agents was markedly reduced by the omission of extracellular calcium. However, the glycogenolytic action of glucagon and catecholamines was only slightly inhibited by the omission of calcium. The only agent which was unable to stimulate glycogenolysis in calcium-free buffer was the divalent cation ionophore A23187. There was a drop in ATP content of liver cells during incubation in calcium-free buffer which was accompanied by an inhibition of glucagon-activated adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation. The presence of calcium inhibited the rise in adenylate cyclase activity of lysed rat liver cells due to glucagon or isoproterenol but not that due to fluoride. These results suggest that the stimulation by catecholamines and glucagon of glycogenolysis is not mediated through cyclic GMP nor does it depend on the presence of extracellular calcium. Cyclic GMP accumulation was increased in liver cells by agents which either inhibit, have little affect, or accelerate glycogenolysis. The significance of elevations of cyclic GMP in rat liver cells remains to be established.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004087:Dihydroergotamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008112:Liver Glycogen; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; D000001:Calcimycin; D004087:Dihydroergotamine; D001285:Atropine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; D005934:Glucagon; D011433:Propranolol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D005947:Glucose; D007545:Isoproterenol; D002118:Calcium; D004837:Epinephrine