Allergic contact hypersensitivity to nickel, neomycin, ethylenediamine, and benzocaine. Relationships between age, sex, history of exposure, and reactivity to standard patch tests and use tests in a general population.
A study population of 1,158 paid adult volunteers was obtained. Prior to patch testing, a history of previous exposure to four allergens also was obtained. Prevalence of positive reactions to patch tests was nickel, 5.8%; neomycin, 1.1%; ethylenediamine, 0.43%; and benzocaine, 0.17%. Nine percent of women reacted to nickel compared with 0.9% of men. There was a strong correlation of nickel sensitivity with a history of pierced ears, earlobe rash, and jewelry rash. Ten of 12 neomycin-positive subjects used neomycin for one week or longer on an inflammatory dermatosis, compared with six of 36 age-, race-, and sex-matched controls. By history, 85% were exposed to benzocaine, 48% to neomycin, and 15% to Mycolog (ethylenediamine). Of 127 patients referred to clinics for evaluation of contact dermatitis, 11% yielded positive tests to nickel, 6.3% to neomycin, 3.1% to ethylenediamine, and 1.6% to benzocaine. Data obtained from testing contact dermatitis patients are not applicable to the general population.
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009355:Neomycin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010328:Patch Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D012882:Skin Tests
D005029:Ethylenediamines; D009532:Nickel; D009355:Neomycin; D001566:Benzocaine