title: Effects of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide and its metabolites on Novikoff hepatoma cells.
abstract: Studies were undertaken to determine the effects of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) and its metabolites on the growth and macromolecular synthesis of Novikoff hepatoma cells in culture. DTIC (3.0 mM) in light decreased the viable cell count by 90% within 96 hr. DTIC protected from light, 2-azahypoxanthine, dimethylamine, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, all at 3.0 mM, reduced the rate of cellular proliferation. 5-Diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide (1.0 mM) and 5-(3-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (3.0 mM) decreased the viable cell count by 99%. Effects on macromolecular synthesis were determined by the rate of incorporation of the appropriate 3H-labeled precursor. Results after 6 hr are given as percentage of controls. DTIC (1.0 mM) in light inhibited DNA (8%), RNA (41%), and protein (63%) synthesis. DTIC (1.0 mM) protected from light inhibited DNA (12%) and RNA (57%) synthesis. 5-Diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide (0.1 mM) inhibited DNA (1%), RNA (9%), and protein (1%) synthesis. 5-(3-Methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (1.0 mM) inhibited DNA (72%) and protein (65%) synthesis but stimulated RNA (127%) synthesis. 2-Azahypoxanthine (1.0 mM) inhibited DNA (43%), RNA 82%) and protein (28%) synthesis. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (3.0 mM) stimulated DNA (354%) and RNA (266%) synthesis. These data show that DTIC is able to generate several toxic metabolites that may be responsible for its biological effects.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003624:Darkness; D007042:Hypoxanthines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014226:Triazenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D007042:Hypoxanthines; D007093:Imidazoles; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D014226:Triazenes; D003606:Dacarbazine; C012759:2-azahypoxanthine