title: Nucleotides in embryos in the stages of morula, gastrula, and neurula.
abstract: Levels of nucleotides and sugar nucleotides in embryos of Bufo arenarum at the stages of morula, gastrula, and neurula have been measured. The total amounts of purine nucleoside diphosphates decreased from morula to gastrula, but increased sharply from gastrula to neurula. The levels of ADP followed this pattern, but those of GDP did not change significantly through the three stages. Purine nucleoside triphosphate levels, which had increased immediately after fertilization, remained almost constant through morula, gastrula, and neurula. As with the purine nucleoside diphosphates, the adenine nucleotide decreased from morula to gastrula, and increased from gastrula to neurula. In contrast, the level of GTP showed a sharp maximum at gastrula. The total pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate did not change significantly from morula through neurula. As in previous stages of development, only uridine sugar nucleotides were detected. A sharp increase of the galactosyl ester of nucleotides was found at gastrula.
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002022:Bufo arenarum; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006147:Guanine / Q000378:metabolism; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014500:Uracil Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D009711:Nucleotides; D014500:Uracil Nucleotides; D009243:NAD; D006147:Guanine; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate