title: Optimal visualization of esophageal varices.
abstract: Twelve patients with known esophageal varices and willingness to cooperate were included in the study. Medications administered were placebo, 2 mg of glucagon, and 30 mg of propantheline bromide. All medications were given double-blind and crossover. On the basis of this study the authors believe that for optimal visualization of esophageal varices the following is the procedure of choice: (1) the patient should remain horizontal (this is best done in the left lateral position for comfort and ease of expectoration) for ten minutes after swallowing high density barium; (2) the patient should "clear his throat" frequently and expectorate all saliva (barium sticks to the pharynx and makes the patient want to swallow and "clearing his throat" by forced expiration helps the patient to expectorate this coating and prevents swallowing); (3) filming should be done in expiration in the supine (left posterior oblique to table top) position; and (4) in equivocal cases the examination can be repeated with an anticholinergic drug if the patient has no contraindications to its use. The patient should empty his bladder just before administration of the drug. The intelligent use of these factors should result in a saving of both fluoroscopic time and film, and give the radiologist a safe optimal diagnostic yield.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005934:Glucagon; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011187:Posture; D011413:Propantheline; D011859:Radiography; D012119:Respiration
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D011413:Propantheline; D005934:Glucagon