title: Binary ethylenimine as an inactivant for foot-and-mouth disease virus and its application for vaccine production.
abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease virus was inactivated with binary ethylenimine formed apart from or directly in the virus suspension by the cyclization of 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide or 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride under alkaline conditions. The inactivation rates with binary ethylenimine prepared apart from the virus suspension in dilute sodium hydroxide with either 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide or 2-chlorethylamine hydrochloride were higher than with pure ethylenimine. When binary ethylenime was prepared directly in the virus suspension only 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide gave acceptable inactivation rates. The reduced inactivation rates for binary ethylenimine directly prepared in the virus suspension are due to the different cyclization rates of 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide and 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride and to the interference of bicarbonate in the cyclization reaction. The complement fixing antigen of foot-and-mouth disease virus was not affected by binary ethylenimine inactivation. Vaccines prepared with foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivated by binary ethylenimine were comparable in their immunogenicity to vaccines prepared with ethylenimine or N-acetylethylenimine used as inactivants. Application of binary ethylenimine in the preparation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines considerably reduces the potential danger associated with handling pure ethylenimine and other aziridines.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005537:Aphthovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D001388:Aziridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001389:Azirines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001965:Bromides; D002460:Cell Line; D002713:Chlorine; D003168:Complement Fixation Tests; D006224:Cricetinae; D003500:Cyclization; D005021:Ethylamines; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007668:Kidney; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001388:Aziridines; D001389:Azirines; D001965:Bromides; D005021:Ethylamines; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D002713:Chlorine; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C010076:2-chloroethylamine