Hepatitis B antigen and auto-antibodies in chronic liver diseases in Hong Kong.
The frequency of occurrence of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and certain tissue autoantibodies [antinuclear antibody (ANA), smooth muscle antibody (SMA) and mitochondrial antibody (MIA)] were studied with the microtiter complement fixation and immunofluorescence techniques respectively in a group of patients suffering from chronic liver diseases.  These were chronic hepatitis (30), cirrhosis of the liver (66) and hepatocellular carcinoma, mostly with underlying cirrhosis (100).  A group of closely matched hospital in-patients served as controls.  HBAg was found in high frequency in the patients with liver disease (60% in chronic hepatitis, 36.4% in cirrhosis and 49% in hepatocellular carcinoma) whereas tissue auto-antibodies were found in lower frequencies (16.7%, 10.6% and 13% in the three groups respectively).  However, in both the frequency was significantly higher than that in the controls (9.2% for HBAg and 0.8% for auto-antibodies).  There was a negative correlation between HBAg and tissue auto-antibodies in the group of patients with liver disease when taken as a whole (x2=14.3, P less than 0.001).  These results suggest a possible aetiological role played by hepatitis virus B in hepatocellular carcinoma through chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in Hong Kong while the mutual exclusion between HBAg and auto-antibodies supports the hypothesis of heterogeneity in the aetiology of chronic liver diseases.  The patients with auto-antibodies may belong to the auto-immune category but no definate conclusion can be reached until the role played by hepatitis virus A in chronic liver diseases is clarified when more reliable techniques for its identification are available.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000276:immunology; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000276:immunology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000276:immunology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000276:immunology
D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens