title: 2-Deoxy-D-galactose metabolism in ascites hepatoma cells results in phosphate trapping and glycolysis inhibition.
abstract: The metabolism of 2-deoxy-D-galactose has been studied in AS-30D rat ascites hepatoma cells in suspension. Using 2-deoxy-D-(1-14C)galactose and an alkaline ethanol deproteinization procedure, the quantitatively identified metabolites included 2-deoxy-D-galactose 1-phosphate comprising 99.3%, and UDP-2-deoxy-D-galactose and UDP-2-deoxy-D-glucose, together amounting to 0.4% of the total metabolites. After incubation for 5 h in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-galactose (1 mmo1/1), the content of 2-deoxy-D-galactose 1-phosphate reached 35 mmo1x(kg cells)-1. The rate of phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-galactose was rapid during the first 30 min and decreased to approximately 20% of this rate during the subsequent hours. The rapid trapping of Pi in the form of 2-deoxy-D-galactose 1-phosphate resulted in a depression of free intracellular Pi in spite of a concomitant increase in net 32Pi uptake from the medium and a decrease of ATP and other 5'-nucleotides. The rates of glucose utilization and lactate production were depressed by more than 80% in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-galactose (1 mmo1/1). Interruption of Pi trapping by removal of 2-deoxy-D-galactose from the medium reversed the depressions of Pi and ATP and resulted in a rapid but incomplete relief of glycolysis inhibition. Crossover analysis of glycolytic intermediates indicated an inhibition at the 6-phosphofructokinase step. The depression of glucose utilization may be mediated by the increased level of glucose 6-phosphate, a potent inhibitor of hexokinase. An additional inhibitory effect of a metabolite of 2-deoxy-D-galactose at the 6-phosphofructokinase step was indicated by crossover analysis after reversal of Pi and ATP depressions in the presence of a high intracellular content of 2-deoxy-D-glactose 1-phosphate. The quantitative analysis of the metabolites of 2-deoxy-D-galactose demonstrated the predominance of the monophosphate and the negligible formation of UPD derivatives of this sugar analog in AS-30D hepatoma cells. This provides a system for the investigation of a galactose analog as a phosphate-trapping agent in the virtual absence of uridylate trapping.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005643:Fucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006019:Glycolysis; D006600:Hexosephosphates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007700:Kinetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006600:Hexosephosphates; D010710:Phosphates; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D005643:Fucose; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate