title: Effects of glucose, glucose metabolites and calcium ions on adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of mouse pancreatic islets.
abstract: The effects of glucose, a series of glucose metabolites, nicotinamide nucleotides, Ca2+ and p-chloromercuribenzenesulphonate on adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of mouse pancreatic islets were studied. The basal activity of the adenylate cyclase was approx. 6 pmol of cyclic AMP formed/30 min per microng of DNA at 30 degrees C. The enzyme activity was stimulated by some 150% by fluoride. Starvation of the animals for 48h had no effect on either the basal or the fluoride-stimulated activity. The adenylate cyclase activity was increased by 40-50% when 17 mM-glucose, 10 micronM-phosphoenolpyruvate or 10 micronM-pyruvate was added to the assay medium. The effect of glucose was unchanged in the presence of 17 mM-mannoheptulose, and mannoheptulose alone had no effect. The other glycolytic intermediates, and the coenzymes NAD+, NADH and NADPH, at concentrations up to 1 mM were without any detectable effect on the rate of formation of cyclic AMP. The insulin secretagogue p-chloromercuribenzenesulphonate inhibited the adenylate cyclase markedly even at a concentration of 10 micronM. Calculated concentrations of free Ca2+ of 10 micronM and 0.1 mM inhibited adenylate cyclase by 29 and 71% respectively. It is concluded that both glucose itself and phosphoenolpyruvate and/or pyruvate are true activating ligands for islet and adenylate cyclase and that inhibition of the cyclase by Ca2+ may be of physiological significance.
mesh_terms: D002731:4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate / Q000494:pharmacology; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D011773:Pyruvates; D002731:4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium