title: Characteristics of lead ion-stimulated phosphorylation of Electrophorus electricus electroplax (Na+ + K+)-adenosine triphosphatase and inhibition of ATP-ADP exchange.
abstract: Pb2+-stimulated phosphorylation of Electrophorus electricus electroplax (Na+ + K+)-adenosine triphosphatase is prevented by stoichiometric quantities of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol. The chelator in the same low concentrations does not block Na+-dependent phosphorylation. Both Pb2+-and Na+-dependent phosphorylation reactions show the same dependence on MgCl2. Phosphorylation in the presence of both Na+ and Pb2+ is cumulative suggesting that Pb2+ and Na+ bind at separate, independent sites. The enthalpy change due to binding of Pb2+ is about -1.76 kcal/mol. 32P-phosphopeptides obtained from pronase or pepsin digests of Pb2+-and Na+-dependent phosphoproteins are electrophoretically identical. Pb2+ does not stimulate but does inhibit ATP-ADP exchange activity under the conditions in which this activity is stimulated by Na+. Since the phosphorylation sites are identical, it is concluded that the differences in reactivity of the Na+- and Pb2+-phosphoenzymes are due to different conformational changes produced by binding of Na+ and Pb2+. The Pb2+-sensitive conformation is critical for Na+ specificity of phosphorylation, reversibility of phosphorylation, and for phosphatase activity but not for acceptor site phosphorylation by ATP. These findings have implications for enzyme reaction models.
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004557:Electric Organ / Q000201:enzymology*; D004593:Electrophorus; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D007854:Lead; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D008274:Magnesium