The role of the adrenal cortex in human essential hypertension: keynote address.
The data presented establish that in early or mild essential hypertension there is a state of inappropriate hypermineralocorticoid activity represented by the sum of aldosterone and 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone concentrations in the plasma. This disturbance, associated with a "normal" or excessive salt intake, would produce the arteriolar cationic changes in sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium leading to hypersensitivity or hyperresponsiveness of the arteriolar actomyosin to normal levels of circulating norepinephrine or angiotensin. The nature of the cationic changes in the arteriolar cells responsible for the increased tonicity of the arteriolar actomyosin, which is the fundamental cause of essential hypertension, remains to be elucidated.
D015070:18-Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001810:Blood Volume; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D008901:Mineralocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D011187:Posture; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood
D015070:18-Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone; D007477:Ions; D008901:Mineralocorticoids; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D012083:Renin