title: Role of phosphate, pyrophosphate, adenine nucleotides and sulfate in activating production of the superoxide radical by macrophages, and in formation of rat paw edema.
abstract: The presence of anions of phosphate (Pi), pyrophosphate (PPi), adenine nucleotides and sulfate greatly enhanced the production of superoxide radical (-O-2) by isolated guinea-pig macrophages. These anions, however, failed to enhance the production of -O-2 by the xanthine oxidase system, suggesting that they serve only as activators of -O-2 generating enzyme(s) located on the macrophage cell membrane. Many other common anions  were ineffective in the macrophage system. In the presence of concentrations of Pi, PPi, adenine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) reported to be in the synovial fluid, -O-2 was produced efficiently and was inhibited by diclofenac sodium. These anions induced rat paw edema, maintained the swelling at least up to 6 h. The edema was suppressed partially by repeated injection of superoxide dismutase (SOD). High doses of sodium chloride and nitrate failed to maintain the swelling.
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001881:Borates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007454:Iodides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009573:Nitrites / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*; D013447:Sulfites / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D001881:Borates; D002712:Chlorides; D011756:Diphosphates; D005609:Free Radicals; D007454:Iodides; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D010710:Phosphates; D013431:Sulfates; D013447:Sulfites; D013861:Thiocyanates; D013481:Superoxides; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D005459:Fluorides; D010100:Oxygen