title: An inhibitory role for noradrenaline in the mouse vas deferens.
abstract: 1 Noradrenaline (0.1-3.0 muM) inhibited the twitch responses to single pulse field stimulation of the isolated vas deferens of the mouse. The higher concentrations of noradrenaline (ca. 0.3-3.0 muM) were required to make the tissue contract.2 Phentolamine (10 muM) abolished the contractor response to higher concentrations of noradrenaline and antagonized the inhibitory effect of lower concentrations on the twitch response.3 Propranolol (10 muM) potentiated both the contractor and the inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on the twitch response.4 Isoprenaline (0.1-3.0 muM) and salbutamol (1.0-3.0 muM) both inhibited the twitch response. Their effects were antagonized by propranolol (10 muM), but not by practolol (10 muM).5 The effects of uptake(1) and uptake(2) blocking agents were determined. Cocaine (10 muM) reduced the size of the twitch response in 2 out of 4 experiments. Imipramine (0.18 muM) also reduced the size of the twitch, as did oestradiol (3.7 muM) and a combination of cocaine and oestradiol.6 Contractor responses to exogenous noradrenaline showed tachyphylaxis, but when this was not very marked, the response could be shown to be potentiated by uptake blocking agents.7 The inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on the twitch response was greatly potentiated by cocaine (10 muM) and much less so by oestradiol (3.7 muM).8 It is concluded that the transmitter responsible for the twitch response is either an unknown substance released from the sympathetic neurone, or noradrenaline acting upon a receptor with none of the characteristics of known alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors. In either case, noradrenaline can inhibit the output, probably by stimulation of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors.
mesh_terms: D000420:Albuterol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D011433:Propranolol; D003042:Cocaine; D007545:Isoproterenol; D000420:Albuterol; D009638:Norepinephrine; D010646:Phentolamine