title: Is glucose transport enhanced in virus-transformed mammalian cells? A dissenting view.
abstract: Much of the literature on the uptake of glucose by untransformed and transformed animal cells is based on experiments carried out with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG). Results obtained with this analog can be ambiguous, since 2-DOG can be phosphorylated by hexokinases of animal cells. An intracellular trapping mechanism is thus provided. Therefore, the total flux of 2-DOG into the cell is a resultant of both transport and hexokinase action, and the measurement of total 2-DOG incorporation is a valid measurement of transport only if 2-DOG is phosphorylated as rapidly as it enters the cell. Evidence is presented here that this is not necessarily the case, significant levels of free intracellular 2-DOG approaching external concentrations were found in untransformed and transformed mouse 3T3 cells even at early times during uptake. Differences in total intracellular 2-DOG between untransformed and transformed cells were accounted for entirely by 2-deoxyglucose phosphate. Thus, it appears the apparent increase of 2-DOG uptake accompanying transformation in these cell lines is not due to an effect on the transport process, but on enhanced phosphorylation, which is a reflection of an alteration in the regulation of glycolysis. The ambiguity introduced by phosphorylation can be oviated by the use of an analog that cannot be phosphorylated, such as 3-O-methyl-D-glucose. The rate of transport and efflux of this sugar was not found to be different in untransformed versus transformed 3T3 cells. Moreover, deficiencies of this analog as a substrate for the glucose transport system are pointed out.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005958:Glucosephosphates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006019:Glycolysis; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D008757:Methylglucosides / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D013539:Simian virus 40
chemical_list: D005958:Glucosephosphates; D008757:Methylglucosides; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D006593:Hexokinase; D005947:Glucose