title: Sulfur amino acid auxotrophy in Micrococcus species isolated from human skin.
abstract: Since methionine and (or) cysteine are required by a large percentage of natural auxotrophic Micrococcus strains isolated from human skin, investigations were directed to determine the specific enzymes affected in sulfur amino acid biosynthesis. Known intermediates in the interrelated cysteine and methionine biosynthetic pathways were tested as growth stimulants. Based on these growth studies, sulfur amino acid auxotrophs were grouped into three cysteine classes and five methionine classes. Selected auxotrophs of M. luteus had deficiencies in ATP sulfurylase (EC 2.7.7.4) and adenosine-5-sulfatophosphate (APS) kinase (EC 2.7.1.25), sulfite reductase (EC 1.8.1.2), serine transacetylase (EC 2.3.1.30), or beta-cystathionase (EC 4.4.1.8) activity; auxotrophs of M. lylae had deficiencies in sulfite reductase and serine transacetylase, beta-cystathionase, or N5, N10-methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (EC 1.1.1.68) activity; all auxotrophs of M. sedentarius tested had deficiencies in N5,N10-methyltetrahydrofolate reductase activity; auxotrophs of M. nishinomiyaensis had deficiencies in adenosine-3-phosphate-5-sulfatophosphate (PAPS) reductase, sulfite reductase, serine transacetylase, or N5,N10-methyltetrahydrofolate reductase activity; auxotrophs of M. varians had deficiencies in APS kinase, PAPS reductase, sulfite reductase, homoserine omicron-transsuccinylase, beta-cystathionase, or N5,N10-methyltetrahydrofolate reductase activity; auxotrophs of M. kristinae had deficiencies in serine transacetylase or cystathionine-gamma-synthase (EC 4.2.99.9) activity; auxotrophs of M. roseus had deficiencies in PAPS reductase, sulfite reductase, or serine transacetylase activity. Results of studies with various mutagens suggested that sulfur amino acid auxotrophy was primarily the result of a single base substitution in usually one or two of the genes controlling biosynthesis. A preliminary study of the amino acid composition of sweat suggested that this important source of nutrients does not contain adequate amounts of cysteine for the growth of cysteine auxotrophs but contains methionine that may be utilized in place of cysteine.
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*; D013437:Carbon-Sulfur Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008190:Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D008837:Micrococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D013542:Sweat / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur; D008715:Methionine; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D008190:Lyases; D013437:Carbon-Sulfur Lyases; D003545:Cysteine