title: Accuracy of preoperative studies in staging nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors.
abstract: The preoperative staging procedures used in 45 patients with surgical Stage I and Stage II nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis were analyzed retrospectively. Our results indicate that gallium-67-citrate scan and supraclavicular lymph node biopsy add little information in the routine preoperative evaluation of these patients. Bipedal lymphangiography, in our experience, was no more accurate than excretory urograms in selecting patients with retroperitoneal disease and in addition provides no information regarding the status of the upper urinary tract. Thus, we suggest that physical examination, excretory urography, chest x-ray film, whole lung tomography, serum tumor markers, and liver scan provide sufficient information to proceed with surgical treatment when appropriate.
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008220:Lymphography; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D014567:Urography