title: Diurnal rhythms in cyclic nucleotide metabolism in Helix nervous system.
abstract: Concentrations of cAMP (cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate) and cGMP (cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate), in ganglia from the garden snail Helix pomatia, vary considerably over the course of the day. There is a maximum in the concentration of both cyclic nucleotides between 08:00 and 12:00 (lights on 06:00 to 18:00), with the cAMP maximum occurring slightly later than that in cGMP. In addition there can be several smaller maxima in cAMP and cGMP levels; the timing of these can be  markedly different from experiment to experiment, with cAMP and cGMP sometimes in and sometimes out of phase with each other. This pattern is observed in Helix which had been activated from the dormant state 4-6 days earlier, but is not present in dormant or in long-active animals. The cyclic nucleotide rhythm can be seen in ganglia maintained in organ culture, and persists for at least 24 hours after removal of the tissue from the animal. There appears to be little change in the level of basal or NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in Helix ganglia over the course of the day. On the other hand, both cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activities exhibit rhythms which are consistent with the rhythms in cAMP and cGMP concentrations.
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D005724:Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D006372:Helix, Snails / Q000378:metabolism*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D012908:Snails / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D006152:Cyclic GMP