title: Early detection of ductal breast cancer: the diagnostic procedure for pathological discharge from the nipple.
abstract: Pathologic discharge from the nipple may be the only symptom of an early stage of carcinoma. Galactography is then the diagnostic method of choice to locate intraductal, nonpalpable lesions. The technique of galactography, the adequate surgical approach of pathologic galactographs (milk-duct segment resection), and the appropriate histological work-up of the surgical specimen are demonstrated. We report on 1918 galactographies in 1363 women with pathological discharge. In only 427 cases was a milk duct segment resection necessary (31.4%). In 8.5%, we found invasive intraductal cancer and in 2.9% ductal carcinomata in situ. Only 1 patient with breast cancer had axillary metastases. Extensive intraductal solid, papillary or adenomatous proliferations were found in 11.9% of the patients with excision. In 46.7% of the patients, papillomas were excised, a definitive treatment for this process. The supposition for success in the early diagnosis of cancer is close teamwork among the radiology, surgery and pathology services: the diagnostic result depends upon this. We attribute our yield of exact diagnosis to a very sophisticated histological work-up. We believe that this is necessary to avoid diagnostic failures.
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods; D009558:Nipples / Q000378:metabolism*; D010212:Papilloma / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media