title: Early detection of ductal breast cancer: the diagnostic procedure for grouped microcalcifications.
abstract: Mammography and xeroradiography for grouped microcalcifications are considered the most effective diagnostic methods to detect occult breast carcinoma. Radiography must direct the surgeon to excise the nonpalpable area. The removal of the tissue with grouped microcalcifications must be confirmed by intraoperative radiological control. The histologic preparation must be guided by radiographic controls. Tissue with calcific deposits is examined by step sections. The diagnostic success depends upon the cooperation between the radiologist, the surgeon, and the pathologist. Our results from 1964 to 1977 have shown a frequency of 14.4% of occult carcinoma. Ductal or lobular carcinomata in situ have been diagnosed in 8.9%. In 9.9% of the patients, cystic disease with severe and atypical proliferations has been encountered.
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008722:Methods; D014984:Xeromammography