title: Effect of air ionization on heart rate and perceived exertion during a bicycle exercise test. A double-blind cross-over study.
abstract: The influence of ionization of air on heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during bicycle exercise was studied in nine healthy medical students selected according to a randomized schedule from the class of 90 students. The exercise tests were performed both under negative and positive ionization. The study was made with a double-blind, cross-over design. The body surface exposed to ionic current was made large by reducing the clothing of the subject. A significant overall tendency to lower HR and RPE values under negative ionization was observed (p less than 0.01, sign tests). The RPE values were significantly lower (p less than 0.01, paired t-test and the Wilcoxon test) under negative than under positive ionization at the maximal work load level but not at other relative load levels. However, when separately tested at each relative load level HR values did not differ significantly in negative and positive ionization. The results of this pilot study indicate that ionic composition of the air can modify the RPE and possibly also HR during exercise; negative air ionization seems to be beneficial compared with positive ionization. The mechanisms involved are obscure, but we suggest that negative ionization of air may increase oxidative metabolism through generation of a superoxide radical (O2-) that is reduced to H2O2 by superoxide dismutases.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000390:Air Ionization; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides