title: [Karyosphere in oogenesis].
abstract: The purpose of this review is to draw attention to the peculiar phenomenon during gametogenesis: the formation of the karyosphere. This phenomenon is characterized by concentration of all chromosomes in the limited area of the nucleus and may be considered as alternative of the genome in the state of lumpbrush chromosomes. The formation of the karyosphere is a widely spread phenomenon during oogenesis of different animal classes. The karyosphere can be developed during different stages of oogenesis in different organisms; but as a rule the chromosomes of diploten stage of meiosis take part in its formation. As to functional identity of the karyosphere in different species, special investigations are to be done, but contemporary knowledge of the karyosphere formation reveals some common feature:1) in the karyosphere the chromosomes are in a relatively spiral state as demonstrated by the positive Feulgen reaction; 2) there is a low level of RNA synthesis or the absence of it in the karyosphere; 3) during the karyosphere formation the nucleus is enriched by the acid proteins and a lot of protein granules and structures appearing in a close contact with the karysphere. The more typical examples of the karyosphere formation can be observed in the insect oocytes belonging to the nutrimentary type of oogenesis. In the oocytes of some animals the peculiar protein substances are formed around the chromosome knot and appear as a fibrillar zone. Such karyosphere appears to be a kind of capsule inside the nucleus. The capsules are developed as a result of complex interaction between the main nuclear structures; chromosomes, nucleoli, and nuclear membrane as it is manifested by the analysis of some recent ultrastructural date obtained in some insect and amphibian oocytes. The function of the karyosphere capsule and the role of the nuclear structure (sinaptonemal complex, extrachromosomal DNA, and nuclear membrane) in formation of the capsule, are discussed as well as the ultrastructural and cytochemical similarity between the karyosphere capsule of oocytes and nuclear bodies of somatic cells.
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians; D000818:Animals; D000845:Annelida; D001181:Arthropods; D001717:Birds; D002335:Carnivora; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002816:Chordata, Nonvertebrate; D002875:Chromosomes; D003063:Cnidaria; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006128:Growth; D008540:Meiosis; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009348:Nematoda; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012104:Reptiles; D012377:Rodentia
chemical_list: D012313:RNA
vernacular_title: Kariosfera v oogeneze