title: Membrane pathways for water and solutes in the toad bladder: I. Independent activation of water and urea transport.
abstract: Vsopressin activates a number of transport systems in the toad bladder, including the systems for water, urea, sodium, and other small solutes. Evidence from experiments with selective inhibitors indicates that these transport systems are to a large extent functionally independent. In the present study, we show that the transport systems can be separately activated. Low concentrations of vasopressin (1 mU/ml) activate urea transport with virtually no effect on water transport. This selective effect is due in part to the relatively greater inhibitor action of endogenous prostaglandins on water transport. Low concentrations of 8-bromoadenosine cyclic AMP, on the other hand, activate water, but not urea transport. In additional experiments, we found that varying the ratio of exogenous cyclic AMP to theophylline activated water or urea transport selectively. These studies support the concept of independently controlled systems for water and solute transport, and provide a basis for the study of individual luminal membrane pathways for water and solutes in the accompanying paper.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008566:Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011453:Prostaglandins; D014867:Water; D014667:Vasopressins; D014508:Urea; D000242:Cyclic AMP