title: Effect of metal ions on growth and sporulation of Clostridium perfringens in a synthetic medium.
abstract: All cells, whatever their origin, function in an essentially inorganic environment. In this environment, metal cations play an important role. Attempts were made in the present study to determine if different amounts of five metal ions (MG++, Fe++, Mn++, Zn++, Ca++) are needed for secondary metabolism of Clostridium perfringens than are needed for primary metabolism. Both the vegetative growth stage (primary metabolic stage) and spore stage (secondary metabolic stage) of Clostridium perfringens were studied. Endeavors were made to detect the effects of metal ions, if any, on growth and sporulation of the organisms. Mg++ was required for growth of vegetative cells and maintenance of normal cellular morphology, Fe++ was needed for sporulation as well as for vegetative growth, but the amount needed for spore formation was higher than that needed for growth. Ca++ was essential to refractility and heat-resistance of spores. Zn++ inhibited both growth and sporulation, if the Mg++ concentration was low. Mn++ was required for neither growth nor sporulation. For maximum heat-resistance of the spores, Ca++ plus unidentified organic substances were required.
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D003470:Culture Media; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008345:Manganese / Q000494:pharmacology; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008670:Metals; D008345:Manganese; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium