title: Combined coenzyme-substrate analogues of various dehydrogenases. Synthesis of (3S)- and (3R)-5-(3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropyl)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and their interaction with (S)- and (R)-lactate-specific dehydrogenases.
abstract: Two diastereomeric nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) derivatives were synthesized in which the substrates of (S)-and (R)-lactate-specific dehydrogenases are covalently attached via a methylene spacer at position 5 of the nicotinamide ring. The corresponding nicotinamide derivatives were obtained stereospecifically by enzymatic reduction of 5-(2-oxalylethyl)nicotinamide. (3S)-5-(3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypropyl)-NAD+ undergoes and intramolecular hydride transfer in the presence of pig heart lactate dehydrogenase, forming the corresponding coenzyme-substrate analogue composed of pyruvate and NADH. No cross-reaction products resulting from an intermolecular reaction are observed. Two (R)-lactate specific dehydrogenases, however, do not catalyze a similar reaction in either one of the two diastereomers. A possible arrangement of the substrates in the active centers of these enzymes is proposed. 5-Methyl-NAD+ and 5-methyl-NADH are active coenzymes of pig heart lactate dehydrogenase in contrast to reports in the literature. (S)-Lactate binds to this enzyme in the absence of coenzyme, exhibiting a dissociation constant of 11 mM.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007700:Kinetics; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000201:enzymology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D009243:NAD / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; C018477:5-(3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropyl)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase