title: Role of prostaglandin E (PGE) in the modulation of the action of vasopressin on water flow in the urinary bladder of the toad and mammalian kidney.
abstract: PGE1 and PGE2 are known to interfere with the water permeability effect of vasopressin in toad bladder and kidney. It has been proposed that endogenous prostaglandin E (PGE), synthesized within cells of vasopressin-sensitive tissues, serves to modulate the permeability changes elicited by the neurohypophyseal hormone. Direct evidence in support of this hypothesis is as follows: vasopressin increases the biosynthesis of PGE2 in renal interstitial cells and in isolated toad bladder. In the latter, inhibition of vasopressin-induced synthesis of PGE by a variety of inhibitors results in a greater water permeability response to vasopressin. It appears that vasopressin has two effects in toad bladder and kidney: (i) it activates adenylate cyclase thereby increasing the concentration of adenosine 3',5' monophosphate  (cyclic AMP), the nucleotide responsible for the resultant increase in water permeability; and (ii) it activates a phospholipase that serves to release arachidonic acid, the precursor of PGE2 from intracellular pools. The PGE derived from the arachidonic acid diminishes adenylate-cyclase activity, in consequence of which the response of the enzyme to vasopressin is modulated.
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D001692:Biological Transport; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004848:Epithelium / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011458:Prostaglandins E; D014867:Water; D014667:Vasopressins; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases