title: The indirect fluorescent antibody technique as a method for detecting antibodies in aborted fetuses.
abstract: In this investigation the indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to titrate antibodies in bovine sera to parainfluenza 3, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. These results were compared to those determined on the same samples by hemagglutination inhibition for parainfluenza 3 virus and serum neutralization for bovine virus diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. The results of the serological methods agreed closely. The indirect fluorescent antibody technique is a rapid and sensitive method for detecting antibodies and the procedure lends itself to use in diagnostic laboratories. In addition to the above viruses the presence or absence of antibodies to bovine coronavirus and bovine adenovirus 3 were determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique in thoracic fluids from 100 aborted fetuses and 50 nonaborted fetuses. Results on these samples were not compared to hemagglutination inhibition or serum neutralization as the condition of fluid samples from aborted fetuses renders interpretation of such tests unreliable. Antibodies to one or more viruses were detected in 30 of the 100 aborted fetuses and in seven of the 50 nonaborted fetuses. Antibodies to more than one agent were detected in eleven of the 100 aborted and in one of the 50 nonaborted fetuses. Reasons for this occurrence and application of the test in determination of causes of abortion are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000276:immunology*; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D003332:Coronaviridae / Q000276:immunology; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000276:immunology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral