[Chemotherapy of purulent meningitis in children (author's transl)].
Purulent meningitis in patients admitted to the pediatric department of Kyoto University Hospital and affiliated institutions from 1951 through 1973 were studied with emphasis on the kinds of the causative organisms and the susceptibility of these organisms to antibiotics. The findings in this study have served to help select antibiotics most likely to be effective against this disease. The overall incidence of purulent meningitis was 0.68%. This figure decreased little throughout the period. As for the frequency of causative organisms, Neisseria meningitidis led the list, and Diplococcus pneumoniae ranked just behind. Haemophilus influenzae was rare. The frequency of N. meningitidis, however, decreased sharply in spite of the essentially unchanged overall incidence of this disease. The probable reason for the poor prognosis of this disease in spite of the remarkable strides in chemotherapy is the decreased frequency of N. meningitidis and the inversely increased organisms that are resistant to usual chemotherapy. The therapeutic effectiveness of cefazolin against this disease was studied in 15 children including eight newborns and four infants. The daily per kg bodyweight dose was 50 mg or less in four, 50 approximately 100 mg in five, and more than 100 mg in the remaining six. The route of administration was either intramuscular or intravenous. No deaths occurred. The rate of effectiveness was as high as 80%. Residual symptoms were recorded in six and, in as many as five of them, the cause was a-tributable to the delayed detection of the disease. Neither side effects nor aberrent laboratory findings attributable to large doses of cefazolin were recorded. Diffusibility of cefazolin into the CSF was studied in nine subjects. The CSF concentration of this antibiotic was shown to be somewhat lower than that of ampicillin or cephaloridine and to account on an average for 13% of the mean peak serum level. This relatively low diffusibility will be offset by its high serum concentration and safe large-dose therapy. These findings have clearly shown that the therapeutic effectiveness of cefazolin is as high as that of ampicillin, and that this excellent effectiveness holds true even when the causative organism happens to be Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, etc. that are resistant to ampicillin. The authors have furthermore scrutinized much literature on the frequency of the causative organisms, emergence of resistant strains, and the diffusibility of antibiotics into the CSF, and arrived at the conclusion that cefazolin is a promising antibiotic of choice for the treatment of purulent meningitis in newborn. The daily dose is preferably 150 mg/kg or more given in three divided intravenous doses. Meanwhile ampicillin proved to be useful as the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of purulent meningitis in infants and children.
D000367:Age Factors; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000188:drug therapy; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors
D002511:Cephalosporins; D002437:Cefazolin