title: Fluorescent probes in membrane studies.
abstract: A number of spectroscopic techniques are suitable for studying biological membranes. Of these, fluorescence has the sensitivity and time resolution for following membrane events associated with nerve excitation. In this paper, the nature of the information derived from measurements of the fluorescence properties of externally introduced chromophores in membranes is examined. In particular, the locations of various probes are described on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) experiments in model situations. Then the motional characteristics of the probe molecules (rotation and diffusion) are discussed. Finally experiments designed to relate the detailed observations that can be made in lipid bilayers using n.m.r. and fuorescence measurements to those (more limited in nature) that can be made in membranes are described.
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D002838:Chromaffin System / Q000201:enzymology; D003903:Deuterium; D004579:Electron Transport; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000032:analysis; D008055:Lipids; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008566:Membranes / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009904:Optical Rotation; D011506:Proteins; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013696:Temperature; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D008055:Lipids; D011506:Proteins; D014451:Ubiquinone; D003903:Deuterium; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases