title: The relationship between the pharmacokinetics, cholinesterase inhibition and facilitation of twitch tension of the quaternary ammonium anticholinesterase drugs, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium and 3-hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium.
abstract: 1 The relationship between the concentration of drug in plasma, the inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and the facilitation of neuromuscular transmission has been studied in the rat after the administration of neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium and 3-hydroxyphenyltrimethyl-ammonium (3-OH PTMA). 2 After the administration of neostigmine or pyridostigmine, acetylcholinesterase activity recovered only slowly due to the covalent nature of the inhibition. In contrast, recovery from the reversible inhibition caused by edrophonium or 3-OH PTMA was rapid and showed a direct relationship to the plasma concentration of these drugs. 3 There was a statistically significant linear correlation between the logarithm of the plasma concentration of the drugs and the increase in the tibialis twitch tension. 4 The relationship between the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and the facilitation of neuromuscular transmission was complex. When the enzyme was less than 85% inhibited no facilitation occurred. Between 85% and 98% inhibition, facilitation was linearly related to enzyme inhibition. Above 98% inhibition, facilitation was unrelated to inhibition of the enzyme.
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004491:Edrophonium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D006207:Half-Life; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010636:Phenols; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D009388:Neostigmine; D004491:Edrophonium; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide