title: Influence of the neuroleptanalgesic combination of etorphine and acepromazine on the horse: blood gases and acid-base balance.
abstract: Respiratory function and acid-base variables were studied in Welsh Mountain ponies before and at predetermined times after the intravenous injection of Immobilon and Revivon.A marked depression of respiratory rate was accompanied by large reductions in arterial blood oxygen tension and saturation and the development of a mild respiratory acidosis following the injection of Immobilon. It was concluded that at least three factors contributed to the hypoxic hypoxia produced by Immobilon; the posture of lateral recumbency, the decrease in respiratory rate and the laboured character of the respiration. Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions returned towards control levels soon after administering Revivon. Mixed venous oxygen tensions were little affected by either Immobilon or Revivon,  and mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions were increased to smaller degrees that those of arterial blood. Haemoglobin was increased initially by Immobilon, had returned to the control level by 30 min and fell below the control following the administration of Revivon.
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D005048:Etorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009019:Morphinans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009458:Neuroleptanalgesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D006454:Hemoglobins; D009019:Morphinans; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005048:Etorphine; D000075:Acepromazine; D010100:Oxygen