title: Urinary excretion of morphine and its metabolites in morphine-dependent subjects.
abstract: Morphine, morphine glucuronide, morphine ethereal sulfate, normorphine and total normorphine in three consecutive 24-hour urines of four morphine-dependent subjects receiving morphine sulfate 60 mg s.c. q.i.d. have been determined with thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. With thin-layer chromatography the mean daily excretion of free morphine was 10% of the administered dose; morphine glucuronide, 65%; total (free and acid hydrolyzable conjugate) morphine 85%; and total normorphine, 3.5%. With gas-liquid chromatography, the percentage excretion for free morphine was 10%; total morphine, 74%; free normorphine, 1%; and total normorphine, 4%. The excretion of total drug was linearly related to the volume of the daily urine output.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001835:Body Weight; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000652:urine*; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000652:urine*; D009022:Morphine Derivatives; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000652:urine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005965:Glucuronates; D009022:Morphine Derivatives; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D009020:Morphine; D003404:Creatinine