title: Effect of aeration and sodium on the metabolism of citrate by Klebsiella aerogenes.
abstract: Anaerobic growth of Klebsiella aerogenes NCDO 711 (NCTC 418) on citrate was dependent on the presence of Na+ in the medium, and fermentation of citrate was mediated via the fermentation pathway enzymes, citrate lyase and a Na+-dependent oxalacetate decarboxylase. This confirms the previous findings on strain NCTC 418. Growth under aerobic conditions was independent of Na+. The mean generation time for cells grown aerobically on either Na+ or K+ citrate medium was about 60 min, with a molar growth yield of about 40 g (dry weight) of cells per mol of citrate utilized. Citrate was apparently metabolized aerobically in both the Na+ and K+ citrate cells via the citric acid cycle, since cell extracts contained alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase but not the citrate fermentation enzymes. The presence of theother enzymes of the citric acid cycle in K. aerogenes was shown in earlier studies. Under aerated conditions (no detectable oxygen tension in the culture), growth was faster on the Na+ citrate medium (mean generation time, 85 min) than on the K+ citrate medium (mean generation time, 120 min). Both cultures grew slower than under aerobic conditions, presumably because of oxygen limitation. Despite the faster growth rate, the molar growth yield of the aerated Na+ citrate culture was one-half that observed for the aerated K+ citrate culture. Citrate was metabolized via the citric acid cycle in cells grown in the K+ citrate medium under aerated conditions since alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, but not the fermentation enzymes, was detected in extracts prepared from these cells. Metabolism of citrate in the Na+ citrate medium under aerated conditions occurred via both the fermentation pathway (approximately 75 percent) and the citric acid cycle (about 25 percent), as evidenced by (i) the presence of the fermentation enzymes and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in extracts of cells grown under these conditions, (ii) a molar growth yield which was intermediate between that obtained for anaerobic and aerated K+ citrate cultures, and (iii) the excretion of acetate, which also occurred in anaerobic cultures but not in aerated K+ citrate or aerobic cultures.
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D002474:Cell-Free System; D002951:Citrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007655:Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D010071:Oxaloacetates; D007652:Oxo-Acid-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002951:Citrates; D010071:Oxaloacetates; D012964:Sodium; D007655:Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; D007652:Oxo-Acid-Lyases; D010100:Oxygen