Inhibition of cis-platinum nephrotoxicity by diethyldithiocarbamate rescue in a rat model.
The nephrotoxic effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (NSC-119875) administered to male F344 rats at the median lethal dose (LD50; 7.5 mg/kg) were inhibited by treatment with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (500 or 750 mg/kg) between 1 and 4 hr after cis-platinum administration. Those animals receiving cis-platinum alone had mean serum blood urea nitrogen levels of 234 mg/dl at the time of maximal toxicity (day 5); kidney sections revealed large areas of degeneration and necrosis. When dithiocarbamate rescue was carried out after cis-platinum treatment, mean blood urea nitrogen levels were in the range 56-95 mg/dl; kidney sections were grossly normal with a barely discernible band of degeneration at the corticomedullary junction. Gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in greater than 95% of the cis-platinum-treated rats but was totally absent in those receiving subsequent rescue treatment. A significant decrease in weight loss was also observed in the dithiocarbamate-rescued rats. Based on the chemistry of platinum-sulfur interactions and the observed time-dependence of the rescue treatment, it is suggested that dithiocarbamate exerts its effects via competitive chelation and removal of platinum coordinated to protein-bound sulfhydryl groups of the kidney tubule cells.
D000818:Animals; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*
D002614:Chelating Agents; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D004050:Ditiocarb