Inhibition of phenytoin metabolism by other drugs used in epilepsy.
Phenytoin metabolism is saturable within its normal therapeutic range and, therefore, small changes in the activity of the enzyme can lead to marked changes in serum phenytoin concentrations. The anticonvulsant drugs sulthiame and pheneturide both inhibit the metabolism of phenytoin. The mechanism of this interaction appears to be different for these two drugs. Nortriptyline produces a small increase in serum phenytoin concentrations, but this is unlikely to be of clinical importance. Case reports suggest that both chlorpromazine and chloramphenicol inhibit phenytoin metabolism to a significant degree.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009661:Nortriptyline / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010654:Phenylbutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013843:Thiazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D010654:Phenylbutyrates; D013843:Thiazines; D010672:Phenytoin; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D014508:Urea; D009661:Nortriptyline; D002746:Chlorpromazine