title: Amino acid transport in a water-mould: the possible regulatory roles of calcium and N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenine.
abstract: Transport of amino acids in the water-mould Achlya is an energy-dependent process. Based on competition kinetics and studies involving the influence of pH and temperature on the initial transport rates, it was concluded that the 20 amino acids (L-isomers) commonly found in proteins were transported by more than one, possibly nine, uptake systems. This is similar to the pattern elucidated for some bacteria but unlike those uncovered for all fungi studied to date. The nine different systems elucidated are: (i) methionine, (ii) cysteine. (iii) proline, (iv) serine-threonine, (v) aspartic and glutamic  acids, (vi) glutamine and asparagine, (vii) glycine and alanine, (viii) histidine, lysine, and arginine, and (ix) phenylalanine-tyrosine-tryptophan and leucine-isoleucine-valine as two overlapping groups. Transport of all of these amino acids was inhibited by azide, cyanide, and its derivatives and 2,4-dinitrophenol. These agents normally interfere with metabolism at the level of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Osmotic shock treatment of the cells released, into the shock fluid, a glycopeptide that binds calcium as well as tryptophan but no other amino acid. The shocked cells are incapable of concentrating amino acids, but remain viable and reacquire this capacity when the glycopeptide is resynthesized.
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D009235:Myxomycetes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014633:Valine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002951:Citrates; D000431:Ethanol; D010649:Phenylalanine; D014633:Valine; D000225:Adenine; D002118:Calcium