title: Treatment of calcium urolithiasis with diphosphonate: efficacy and hazards.
abstract: The effect of treatment of renal stone formation with 5 to 20 mg./kg. per day oral disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate for up to 30 months was examined in 12 patients with active renal (calcium) stone disease. The over-all incidence of stone passage decreased from 17.8 stones per year per patient before treatment to 7.7 stones per year per patient during therapy. Of the 12 patients 7 passed fewer stones or no stones during treatment. However, the incidence of stone passage was not changed substantially by disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate in 5 patients. Symptoms of muscle weakness and pain in the back, hips and shoulders occurred in 3 patients during treatment, 2 patients had an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and 1 patient had a decrease in bone density. Although disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate may be clinically useful to manage calcium urolithasis in certain patients its over-all use is limited because of its ineffectiveness in some patients and owing to its potential to induce osteomalacia.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000652:urine; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D012968:Etidronic Acid; D002118:Calcium