The measurement of transmembrane electrochemical proton gradients.
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002462:Cell Membrane; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000502:physiology; D002856:Chromatophores / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008433:Mathematics; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008566:Membranes / Q000502:physiology; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000502:physiology; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium; D051381:Rats