title: Sex differences in response to hepatitis B infection among patients receiving chronic dialysis treatment.
abstract: Patients undergoing treatment at a community-based renal dialysis clinic were monitored monthly for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). Of 160 patients who began treatment HBsAg(-)/anti-HBs(-), 77 subsequently became HBsAg(+). Once HBsAg(+), males were more likely to remain HBsAg(+) indefinitely, whereas females were more likely to convert to HBsAg(-) and develop anti-HBs. This was not due to a sex difference in exposure to hepatitis B virus because only patients who became infected while undergoing treatment were included in the analysis. These data are clear evidence of a sex difference in response to hepatitis B virus, which may partially explain the greater incidence of several chronic liver diseases, including primary hepatocellular carcinoma, in males.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006515:Hepatitis B virus; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
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