title: The clinical spectrum of systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood.
abstract: The onset and course of 108 children with systemic lupus erythematosus have been analysed. There were more black patients than one would expect from hospital population statistics. There was a greater preponderance of boys with onset of the disease at less than 12 years of age and there is a large number of familial cases. Major signs and symptoms differed from those observed in adults only in the greater degree of reticuloendothelial involvement and in a possibly greater propensity for children to change renal biopsy category. Diffuse proliferative renal lesions remain a major contributor to death both in children and in adults, but the importance of the extrarenal mortality factors plus the greater proportion of male deaths is emphasized.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones