title: Regulation by estrogen of the vitellogenin gene.
abstract: The vitellogenin gene is inactive in the liver of male Xenopus laevis, unless exogenous estrogen is administered. We have previously shown that conventional doses of estradiol-17beta result in the appearance of new hepatic messenger RNAs, some of which are encoded for vitellogenin. We now report that much higher doses of the hormone (2 mg/frog per day for 4 days) are required to elicit maximal responses. The relative levels of membrane-bound polysomes and vitellogenin mRNA were determined as a function of time and dose of hormone. Translation of total polysomal RNA in a cell-free system derived from wheat germ was used to estimate the relative levels of vitellogenin messenger RNA. Faithful translation of this messenger RNA was indicated by two lines of evidence: labeled cell-free products were immunoprecipitated with antivitellogenin antibody, and the migration of the major labeled product in sodium dodecyl sulfate/acrylamide gels was identical to that of native vitellogenin. Our results establish conditions for maximal estrogen-induced responses in this system, and are compatible with the hypothesis that a major regulatory mechanism of steroid hormones in the control of protein synthesis is that of gene activation and regulation of messenger RNA levels.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005796:Genes; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011132:Polyribosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D014819:Vitellogenins; D004958:Estradiol
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