title: Direction of active sliding of microtubules in Tetrahymena cilia.
abstract: Axonemes of protozoan (Tetrahymena thermophila BIII) cilia, isolated by the dibucaine method, were treated briefly with trypsin after removal of the ciliary membranes by treatment with Triton X-100. After attachment to polylysine-coated surfaces, the partially digested axonemes remained mainly intact cylinders. Such attached axonemes can be treated with ATP, which induces microtubles sliding. ATP-treated preparations showed disrupted axonemes in which doublets had telescoped out of the original cylinders. These could be captured in place for electron microscopy after critical point drying. Images of this type were used to determine relative movement between adjacent doublet microtubules. Each doublet actively slid relative to its neighbors in a single direction, in which the polarity of force generation of the dynein arms was from base to tip.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement; D013768:Tetrahymena / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75
references.pmid: 14907713
references.citation: Cell Biol Int Rep. 1977 Jan;1(1):45-9
references.pmid: 416914
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1976 Nov;71(2):589-605
references.pmid: 825521
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1973 Dec;59(3):573-94
references.pmid: 4271496
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1972 Jul;54(1):75-97
references.pmid: 4261039
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1974 Dec;63(3):970-85
references.pmid: 4215820
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 1974 Dec 5;90(2):381-402
references.pmid: 4476803
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1974 Oct;63(1):35-63
references.pmid: 4424314
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 1976 Jan;20(1):101-14
references.pmid: 129478
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1973 Sep;58(3):618-29
references.pmid: 4747919
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 1976 Jan;97:83-91
references.pmid: 812711
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Dec;68(12):3092-6
references.pmid: 5289252
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1975 Jul;66(1):198-200
references.pmid: 1095595
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1968 Oct;39(1):77-94
references.pmid: 5678451