title: Smoking patterns during and before pregnancy: weight, length and head circumference of progeny.
abstract: This study indicates that tobacco smoking by the mother is associated with a significant reduction of the newborn's size. This effect cannot be explained by either an association of the smoking habit with malformation, premature birth, exaggerated consumption of coffee matrimonial status or paternal smoking, or by a combination of malformation, prematurity and any one of the other factors. The effect is also unrelated to the continuation or discontinuation of smoking during pregnancy. Paternal smoking seems to be associated with a reduced weight in children born to nonsmoking mothers.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002508:Cephalometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking