title: The saddle angle: constancy or change?
abstract: Serial cephalometric radiographs of 165 children have been used to analyze age-associated changes in the saddle angle (Ba-S-N). There are mean decreases in this angle of about 5 degrees from birth to 2 years in those with either a Class I or a Class II occlusion; later changes are slight. The mean values tend to be slightly smaller in Class I boys than in those with Class II. Generally, the means are slightly larger in boys than girls but in adults this sex difference is in the reverse direction while remaining slight. It is reasonable to conclude that change is dominant in the first two years. Even after pubescence the angle is not constant but the changes are much smaller. The variability of the angle is greater for Class II than Class I individuals and its variability is greater in girls than boys after 12 years. Almost all the median increments are negative; that is, the flexure of the cranial base decreases with age particularly if the increments begin at the first available radigraph. This tendency is more marked in Class II then Class I occlusion. The increments are markedly variable in each occlusion group with large changes occurring in some individuals. Correlations between the saddle angles at different ages are high; this shows a marked constancy of the relative levels for individuals. The correlations between increments are small; presumably this reflects the small sizes of these increments relative to error terms. In the present group the saddle angle is positively correlated with Ba-N length, but the correlation between the saddle angle and either cranial vault length of stature are near zero. These findings show that there is marked constancy within individuals after the age of 2 years although, as noted earlier, there is marked variability in the size of the angle at particular ages and the serial data for some unusual individuals show large changes that are generally decreases.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012737:Sex Factors