title: Design of molecular control mechanisms and the demand for gene expression.
abstract: Regulation by a repressor protein is the mechanism selected when, in the organism's natural environment, there is low demand for expression of the regulated structural genes. Regulation by an activator protein is selected when there is high demand for expression of the regulated structural genes. These general conclusions are useful in relating physiological function to underlying molecular determinants in a wide variety of systems that includes repressible biosynthetic pathways, inducible biosynthetic enzymes, inducible drug resistance, and prophage induction, as well as inducible catabolic pathways, for which a special case of this prediction previously was reported [Savageau, M. A. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 2453-2455].
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004794:Enzyme Repression; D005796:Genes; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D008242:Lysogeny; D008954:Models, Biological; D009876:Operon
references.citation: Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1961;26:1-10
references.pmid: 13883873
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1960 Sep 23;43:278-87
references.pmid: 13699527
references.citation: Biochem J. 1951 Apr;48(4):426-9
references.pmid: 14838861
references.citation: Int Rev Cytol. 1976;47:289-325
references.pmid: 186429
references.citation: Bacteriol Rev. 1976 Sep;40(3):552-90
references.pmid: 791235
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 1967 May;52(5):837-45
references.pmid: 6024089
references.citation: Annu Rev Genet. 1974;8:195-218
references.pmid: 4613257
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1974 Mar 15;40(1):80-3
references.pmid: 4605051
references.citation: Nat New Biol. 1973 Nov 21;246(151):65-8
references.pmid: 4586445
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1972 Oct;112(1):131-41
references.pmid: 4562389
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1973 Apr;114(1):195-207
references.pmid: 4572709
references.citation: Nat New Biol. 1973 Oct 3;245(144):137-40
references.pmid: 4582893
references.citation: Nat New Biol. 1973 Oct 3;245(144):133-7
references.pmid: 4582892
references.citation: Nat New Biol. 1973 Oct 3;245(144):131-3
references.pmid: 4582891
references.citation: Bacteriol Rev. 1973 Jun;37(2):197-214
references.pmid: 4581783
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 1968 Feb 14;31(3):371-87
references.pmid: 4866330
references.citation: Genetics. 1967 Mar;55(3):557-68
references.pmid: 5341476
references.citation: Nat New Biol. 1971 Nov 10;234(45):40-3
references.pmid: 4942895
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Jun 3;183(1):169-81
references.pmid: 5792864
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1971 Jun;106(3):835-47
references.pmid: 4397638
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1974 Jan 25;249(2):465-75
references.pmid: 4358553
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 May;69(5):1100-3
references.pmid: 4338582
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Feb;70(2):334-8
references.pmid: 4346883
references.citation: Science. 1976 Oct 8;194(4261):156-61
references.pmid: 959843
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1974;28(0):265-99
references.pmid: 4215366
references.citation: Annu Rev Genet. 1972;6(0):157-90
references.pmid: 4604314
references.citation: Nature. 1974 Aug 23;250(5468):630-4
references.pmid: 4604479
references.citation: Mol Gen Genet. 1973 Mar 1;121(2):117-32
references.pmid: 4632776
references.citation: Mol Gen Genet. 1973;121(1):1-7
references.pmid: 4576621
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1973 Mar;113(3):1333-44
references.pmid: 4570783
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Jun;71(6):2453-5
references.pmid: 4601590
references.citation: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1972;58:135-56
references.pmid: 4559086
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 1973 Oct 15;80(1):135-47
references.pmid: 4784894
references.citation: Science. 1972 May 19;176(4036):758-68
references.pmid: 5031472
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1969 Jun;98(3):1248-57
references.pmid: 4977987
references.citation: Adv Genet. 1971;16:199-237
references.pmid: 4947104
references.citation: Nature. 1967 Nov 4;216(5114):456-8
references.pmid: 4964402
references.citation: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1971;56:43-98
references.pmid: 4944917
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Sep;68(9):2169-72
references.pmid: 4943789
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Sep;68(9):2145-8
references.pmid: 4943786
references.citation: Mol Gen Genet. 1971;112(2):117-32
references.pmid: 4940111
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Jul;68(7):1493-7
references.pmid: 4934521
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1971 Jun 10;246(11):3474-84
references.pmid: 4931306
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1968;22:131-80
references.pmid: 4879515
references.citation: Biochem J. 1968 Dec;110(3):597-602
references.pmid: 4882982
references.citation: Mol Gen Genet. 1975 Dec 23;142(1):1-12
references.pmid: 765733
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Sep;72(9):3453-7
references.pmid: 1103149
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1976 Jan;125(1):376-8
references.pmid: 1107314
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976 Mar 22;69(2):377-82
references.pmid: 773376
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 May;73(5):1509-12
references.pmid: 775491
references.citation: Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Aug 10;147(1):23-7
references.pmid: 958203
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Apr;72(4):1249-53
references.pmid: 1055401
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1976 Apr;126(1):547-9
references.pmid: 1262309
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Aug;56(2):717-24
references.pmid: 5229989
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1971 May;106(2):331-8
references.pmid: 5573729
references.citation: Virology. 1970 May;41(1):66-71
references.pmid: 5444276
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 1970 Mar;24(1):241-58
references.pmid: 5424261
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1969 Apr;98(1):167-71
references.pmid: 5781572
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1967 Jan;20(1):24-33
references.pmid: 6017006