title: Regulation of protein synthesis: activation by double-stranded RNA of a protein kinase that phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 2.
abstract: Incubation of reticulocyte lysates or isolated crude ribosomes with low levels of double-stranded RNA (0.1-10 ng/ml) induces the formation of an inhibitor of protein synthesis initiation similar to that observed in heme deficiency. The inhibitor is associated with a cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase activity (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) that phosphorylates the small polypeptide (38,000 daltons) of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2. Activation of the inhibitor requires ATP in addition to double-stranded RNA and is accompanied by the phosphorylation of a 67,000-dalton polypeptide of unknown function. The inhibitor remains associated with the ribosomes during high-speed sedimentation. Once formed, the ribosome-associated inhibitor phosphorylates eIF-2 and inhibits protein synthesis in the absence of double-stranded RNA. Inhibition is prevented by exogenous eIF-2. The bound inhibitor can be solubilized by extraction with 0.5 M KCl. The soluble inhibitor preparation retains the ability to phosphorylate the small polypeptide of eIF-2 and to inhibit protein synthesis. Untreated crude ribosomes also contain cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase activities that phosphorylate the middle polypeptide (49,000 daltons) of eIF-2 and several polypeptide subunits of eIF-3 (160,000, 125,000, and 65,000 daltons); these kinase activities are not affected by double-stranded RNA and do not inhibit protein synthesis.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006427:Hemin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D012313:RNA; D006427:Hemin; D011494:Protein Kinases
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