The role of guanine nucleotides in protein biosynthesis.
It is not possible to select one competing substrate molecule over another one when the selection system is at equilibrium. Therefore, it is convenient to view all substrate selections as transport phenomena. The requirement for a displacement from equilibrium to effect a substrate selection can be met in different ways. One particularly convenient way is to drive a nonselected substrate, such as GTP in protein synthesis, far from equilibrium. This allows the flux of selected substrate to be relatively slow, but effectively irreversible. Accordingly, the conventional view that GTP hydrolysis drives protein synthesis is amended. It is suggested that the regeneration GTP from GDP is the driving force for protein synthesis. Several different selection mechanisms are described in the context fof systems driven by displacements from equilibrium of the nonselected substrate. These are then evaluated in light of recent experimental results. The data argue against the relevance of proofreading mechanisms for aminoacyl-tRNA selection by the messenger RNA-programmed ribosome. Similarly, recent data suggesting that the translation of messenger RNA is not dependent on the presence of elongation factors and guanine nucleotides are reevaluated.
D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D008956:Models, Chemical; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012346:RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; D012641:Selection, Genetic
D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012346:RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl
J Biol Chem. 1966 Feb 25;241(4):839-45
5324173
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Jun 9;47(5):1056-62
4555246
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5496-8
341160
Cell. 1977 Jan;10(1):131-7
138485
FEBS Lett. 1972 Apr 15;22(1):91-92
11946569
J Mol Biol. 1976 Mar 15;101(4):537-52
772221
Annu Rev Biochem. 1977;46:173-200
71014
FEBS Lett. 1972 Feb 15;20(3):347-351
11946455
Biochimie. 1975;57(5):587-95
1182215
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jan;74(1):198-202
319457
Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1958;12:138-63
13580867
J Biol Chem. 1974 Jul 10;249(13):4321-3
4605331
Science. 1970 Sep 18;169(3951):1171-7
4915895
FEBS Lett. 1974 Feb 1;39(1):13-6
4604624
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Nov;72(11):4248-51
1060103
Annu Rev Biochem. 1971;40:409-48
4941237
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):4135-9
4530290
Biochem J. 1972 Aug;128(5):1353-6
4643706
J Mol Biol. 1976 May 25;103(3):499-519
781277
J Mol Biol. 1976 Mar 15;101(4):553-62
131199
J Biol Chem. 1972 May 10;247(9):2876-83
4337107
Eur J Biochem. 1973 Jul 16;36(2):422-7
4354338
FEBS Lett. 1971 Oct 1;17(2):324-326
11946059
Mol Gen Genet. 1975 Jul 10;138(4):315-21
1097889
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Aug;70(8):2350-5
4525170
J Biol Chem. 1973 Jan 10;248(1):375-7
4571227