title: The free focus concept in dental and maxillofacial radiography. The present status of the miniaturized dental x-ray machines.
abstract: "Free focus" radiography has shown promise in the examination of complex anatomy in many parts of the body, where conventional and tomographic exposures provide limited information. The approach was introduced in dentistry three decades ago and applied clinically from the time the miniaturized x-ray machines with rod anodes became available in the early 1960's. Yet it has received little attention in the international literature. Recent generations of the unique machines allow free focus surveys of the dentition in two exposures with a film quality comparable to or better than conventional periapical surveys and with a fraction of the radiation load. There is a need for evaluation of such procedures for use in dental practice. Additional applications of free focus radiography promise unusual flexibility in the use x-ray examinations in endodontics, pedodontics, periodontics, and oral surgery, which may justify further development of the miniaturized equipment for such new approaches. Specific suggestions for technical improvements are discussed.
mesh_terms: D003748:Dental Equipment; D005145:Face / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008722:Methods; D008904:Miniaturization / Q000295:instrumentation; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*