title: The effect of intravaginal electrical stimulation on the feline urethra and urinary bladder. Electrical parameters.
abstract: Intravaginal electrical stimulation (IVS) in cats caused urethral closure and bladder inhibition. The aim was to ascertain the electrical parameters most appropriate for these effects. Minimum voltage was used as main criterion to select an effective, non-destructive stimulation when the shape, frequency and duration of the pulses were systematically varied. Urethral closure was achieved at minimum voltage (3 V) with alternating pulses at a frequency of 50 Hz and a pulse duration of 1.5 ms. Corresponding optimal parameters for bladder inhibition were: alternating pulses, 10 Hz and 1.5 ms. Minimum voltage was 1 V. Moreover, the positions of the electrodes were of significance for the responses. The clinical implications of these findings are that: 1)more differentiated treatment of incontinence could be achieved by adapting the stimulation parameters to the cause of incontinence, and 2) specific electrode positions would probably give optimal responses.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D011312:Pressure; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014563:Urodynamics; D014621:Vagina
chemical_list: D013390:Succinylcholine