title: On the cross-reactivity of amiloride and 2,4,6 triaminopyrimidine (TAP) for the cellular entry and tight junctional cation permeation pathways in epithelia.
abstract: 2,4,6 Triaminopyrimidine (TAP) has been previously shown to inhibit the passive tight junctional cation permeation pathway in various "leaky" epithelia. Amiloride has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the cation cellular entry pathway in "tight" epithelia. In this paper we demonstrate that TAP and amiloride at appropriate concentrations are able to block either of these epithelial cation permeation pathways. TAP was found to block the Na entry pathway in frog skin with the following characteristics: it (1) inhibits from the external solution only, (2) is completely reversible, (3) increases the transepithelial resistance, (4) is active in the monoprotonated form, (5) is noncompetitive with Na, (6) displays saturation kinetics which obey a simple kinetic model (KI = 1 X 10(-3) M), (7) is independent of external calcium, (8) is dependent on external buffering capacity, and (9) is competitive with amiloride. Amiloride inhibition of the junctional permeation in gallbladder had the following characteristics: it (1) increases the transepithelial resistance, (2) decreases cation conductance without affecting the anion conductance, (3) displays saturation kinetics which obey a simple kinetic model (KI = 1 X 10(-3) M), and (4) possesses inhibitory activity in both its protonated and unprotonated form. These results not only indicate that a similar inhibitory site may exist in both of these cation permeation pathways, but also provide information on the chemical nature and possible location of these inhibitory sites.
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D011719:Pyrazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000584:Amiloride; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium