title: Temperature experiments on nerve and muscle membranes of frogs. Indications for a phase transition.
abstract: The influence of temperature changes in the range of 25 degrees C to -6 degrees C on the time constants of Na activation (tau m) and inactivation (tau h) was studied in twitch muscle fibers and the node of Ranvier under voltage-clamp conditions. Arrhenius plots of tau m and tau h exhibit a change in activation enthalpy at temperatures below 10 degrees C. Cooling and subsequent heating induce a hysteresis in the temperature dependence of tau m and tau h; Ni2+ and UO22+ increase the hysteresis width. With fast temperature changes the gating kinetics relax to their new values more slowly than the temperature change. Hence, temperature must be changed more slowly than 5 degrees C/min if an additional apparent hysteresis due simply to this relaxation is to be avoided. The data are explained by the hypothesis of a phase transition in the membrane lipids. This conception is favoured over a temperature-induced change in protein conformation, since the neutral local anaesthetic benzocaine shows use-dependent block as if low temperature restricted the access of the drug through the lipid phase to its receptor.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D011894:Rana pipiens; D011896:Rana temporaria; D011901:Ranvier's Nodes / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D001566:Benzocaine