title: Comparative study of trichothecin, amphotericin B, and 5-fluorocytosine against Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Trichothecin (T-cin), amphotericin B (AB), and 5-fluorocytosine (FC) were compared singly and in combination for capacities to inhibit growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in culture and to protect mice bearing infections with this yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for T-cin, AB, and FC were found to be 0.5, 0.2, and 5.0 mug/ml, respectively. In vitro viability studies demonstrated a marked reduction in colony counts with the AB-FC combination and additive effects with the AB-T-cin and FC-T-cin combinations for a 3-day period. In mice infected intravenously with C. neoformans, the mean effective dose for AB was 0.38 mg/kg, and for FC it was 100 mg/kg for a 30-day treatment period. No mean effective dose could be ascertained when T-cin was tested at doses of 0.1 to 50 mg/kg. Despite this, marked beneficial effects were noted in vivo with the AB-T-cin combination, whereas additive effects and indifference were observed for AB-FC and FC-T-cin combinations, respectively. High-dose T-cin controls survived despite having received a cumulative dosage of more than twice the reported (LD(50)) mean lethal dose value.
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003454:Cryptococcus / Q000187:drug effects*; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D014255:Trichothecenes; D000666:Amphotericin B; D003596:Cytosine; D005437:Flucytosine