Renal osteodystrophy--a radiological review.
Renal osteodystrophy is an amalgam of a number of distinct pathological conditions, in particular, hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia. In addition, there may be a change in the guantity of bone, i.e., osteopenia (osteoporosis) or osteosclerosis. While bone biopsy may be the most reliable method for detecting these lesions, it is not yet a routine procedure in many centers. Radiological assessment of the bones, therefore, is the most widely used method for assessing the type and severity of the bone lesions in patients with chronic renal failure. This article reviews the world literature and pays attention to conventional radiological techniques as well as macroradiography. In addition, studies in which radiological appearances are correlated with histological appearances are described. Mention is also made of the effects on radiological bone disease of dialysis and transplantation. Consideration is also given to the manifestations of soft-tissue calcification, both of the vascular and subcutaneous type, and to the effects of treatment.
D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001862:Bone Resorption; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002968:Clavicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005385:Fingers / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007085:Ilium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008663:Metacarpus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010018:Osteomalacia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010026:Osteosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011630:Pubic Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013577:Syndrome