title: Malleus fixed (ossified) to the tegmen tympani in an ancient skeleton in Israel.
abstract: A right malleus fixed to the roof of the tympanic cavity in a 1,600-year-old skull is described. The possible etiolgy of this condition is examined and the literature concerning recent and paleopathology of the middle ear ossicles is reviewed.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008307:Malleus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010164:Paleopathology; D011859:Radiography