title: The properties of the extraocular muscles of the frog. III. Morphological, mechanical and pharmacological properties of the isolated retractor bulbi muscle.
abstract: Some morphological, physiological, and pharmacological properties of the retractor bulbi muscle of the frog were tested. The enzyme-histochemical investigation shows that the retractor bulbi muscle contains twitch muscle fibres only. Two types of twitch muscle fibres, which are especially different in their diameter and in the content of mitochondria, build the muscle in an irregular arrangement; tonic muscle fibres were not observed. On the average, the isolated retractor bulbi muscle has at room temperature a contraction time of 26 ms, a half-relaxation time of 28 ms, a fusion frequency of 75 stimuli/s, and a twitch-tetanus ratio of 0.28. The fatigability of this muscle is higher than in oculorotatory eye muscles but lower than in skeletal muscles of the frog. An increase of the extracellular K+-concentration elicits in retractor bulbi muscles a quickly transient contracture; the mechanical threshold of the muscle fibres is found in a range between 20 and 25 mM K+ in Ringer solution. Similar short-lasting contractures, which are probably caused by twitch fibres, rich in mitochondria, are also evoked by application of depolarizing drugs like acetylcholine. The properties of the retractor bulbi muscle are compared with those of the sartorius muscle of the frog, which likewise contains twitch muscle fibres only.
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D005123:Eye; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011893:Rana esculenta; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D000109:Acetylcholine; D011188:Potassium