title: Glucose and 3-O-methylglucose protection against alloxan poisoning of pancreatic alpha and beta cells.
abstract: Alloxan infused into the isolated perfused rat pancreas caused transient insulin secretion release. Alloxan poisoning also prevented subsequent induction of glucose-mediated unsulin release and also prevented the inhibition of glucagon release by glucose. Glucose or 3-O-methylglucose infused simultaneously with alloxan protected the alpha- and beta-cell, allowing subsequent glucose inhibition of glucagon secretion and stimulation of insulin release. The above alloxan effects were dose-related, the alpha-cell being one fourth as sensitive to alloxan as the beta-cell. The data indicate that (1) alloxan and glucose suppression of amino-acid-stimulated glucagon secretion is independent of concomitant insulin secretion; (2) alloxan, like glucose, affects alpha-and beta-cells directly, stimulating the beta-cell and inhibiting the alpha-cell; and (3) alloxan acts on a glucoreceptor system with comparable physicochemical characteristics common to both cell types.
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008757:Methylglucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008759:Methylglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008757:Methylglucosides; D008759:Methylglycosides; D000496:Alloxan; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose