title: Cortical histopathology following stimulation with metallic and carbon electrodes.
abstract: Stimulation of the cat striate cortex with polished 1 mm2 gold, platinum, rhodium or carbon electrodes for 40h, at 50 Hz, and 0.5 msec duration, results in tissue damage at current densities of 0.6 A/cm2. At 0.1 A/cm2 rhodium and carbon were toxic to brain. In vitro gold and platinum corroded after 1,500-2,300 h of testing in simulated cerebrospinal fluid. The materials utilized are not suitable for long-term chronic electrodes for neural prosthetics.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon; D002415:Cats; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D003343:Corrosion; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000592:standards*; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction; D006046:Gold; D010984:Platinum; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012238:Rhodium; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum; D002244:Carbon; D006046:Gold; D012238:Rhodium