title: [Natural history in patients with mitral- and aorticvalve-disease (author's transl)].
abstract: Knowledge and due consideration of the natural history of valvular heart disease are prerequisites for their operative therapy. Presumptive mortality and morbidity of the surgical intervention must be weighted against the expected prognosis under medical treatment alone. The timing of the operation depends on these considerations. Mitral stenosis and the chronic forms of mitral and aortic incompetence have similar natural histories and for both signs and symptoms are good indicators for an eventual progression of the condition. The length of the period during which the patient is free of complaints may be quite variable but a critical change in the natural history comes about once the disease causes signs and symptoms. Surgical repair is indicated when the patient reaches stage III according to the NYHA-classification. The prognosis is worst for aortic stenosis, in particular due to the danger of  sudden death. Patients with high pressure gradients are at particularly high risk; this holds even true for those patients which are not yet suffering from any complaints. The prognosis becomes even more serious, when signs such as dyspnea, anginal pain, or syncopal attacks occur. Prognosis and indication for surgical intervention cannot be evaluated reliably by considering only the clinical signs without knowledge of hemodynamic parameters. Acute mitral and aortic incompetence, in paricular when they occur during baterial endocarditis, must be observed very closely because of their most serious prognosis; if necessary, emergency surgery must be carried out in these cases.
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors
vernacular_title: Natürlicher Verlauf bei Patienten mit Mitral- und Aortenklappenfehlern