title: Excretion in lower vertebrates: function of gut, cloaca, and bladder in modifying the composition of urine.
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001717:Birds / Q000502:physiology*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000502:physiology; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology; D007671:Kidney Concentrating Ability; D012104:Reptiles / Q000502:physiology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride