title: Urolithiasis in adolescents.
abstract: The characteristics of 31 adolescent patients aged 11 to 20 years with urolithiasis were examined by means of a ten-year retrospective chart review. The majority of stones were found to be secondary to preexisting conditions, with the most common being bladder dysfunction (neurogenic or exstrophy). Exogenous corticosteroid therapy appeared to play a role in lithogenesis in five patients and was the only apparent contributing factor in an 11 1/2-year-old girl. Childhood inborn errors of metabolism accounted for the stones in four of the teenagers. An additional four adolescents did not have any definable biochemical, genetic, or anatomic abnormalities and, therefore, no obvious etiology.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones