title: Norepinephrine, vasopressin, glucagon, and A23187 induce efflux of calcium from an exchangeable pool in isolated rat hepatocytes.
abstract: Isolated rat hepatocytes do not actively accumulate Ca(2+) during prolonged incubation in vitro; however, these cells do exhibit a limited exchange of intracellular with extracellular Ca(2+). The exchangeable pool represents about 2 nmol of Ca(2+) per mg of protein. In medium containing either a low (20 muM) or high (1 mM) concentration of Ca(2+), the divalent cation ionophore, A23187 (at concentrations of 0.03-0.1 nmol/mg of protein), causes release of (45)Ca(2+) from this exchangeable pool but does not allow net influx of extracellular Ca(2+) detectable by the use of a Ca(2+)-sensitive electrode. Like A23187, the hormones norepinephrine, vasopressin, and glucagon (at concentrations that stimulate gluconeogenesis) each induces a similar net efflux of Ca(2+). Treatment with one hormone decreases the subsequent reponse to the others, whereas treatment with A23187 abolishes the hormonal effects upon both Ca(2+) release and gluconeogenesis. The action of norepinephrine, but not of glucagon, upon Ca(2+) efflux is prevented by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phenoxybenzamine. The action of norepinephrine is not prevented by the beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol. Together these results indicate that the release of Ca(2+) from a common pool of exchangeable Ca(2+) is important to the action of a variety of hormones on hepatocytes. This Ca(2+) pool in the isolated hepatocyte is characterized as being similar in size and having exchange kinetics that are comparable to those reported for the major intracellular pool of Ca(2+) in the intact liver. The possibility that this pool is intramitochondrial calcium is discussed.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003486:Cyanides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003486:Cyanides; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; D014667:Vasopressins; D000001:Calcimycin; D005934:Glucagon; D011433:Propranolol; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine