title: Spinal dysraphism: a comprehensive diagnostic approach.
abstract: Twelve patients with the clinical findings of spinal dysraphism form the basis for this report. In eight patients, physical findings, plain x-rays, and unenhanced spinal computed tomography allowed for precise diagnosis and subsequent therapy, without contrast myelography. All patients in the study had intravenous pyelography, and this revealed evidence of renal deterioration in two. The other 10 patients had radiographically normal upper urinary tracts. Urodynamic assessment was performed in seven; three were normal and four were abnormal. The pattern of the abnormal studies (three "flaccid type" with an adequate urethral pressure profile and one with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia) allowed for appropriate therapy to be employed for bladder emptying and continence. Both spinal computed tomography and urodynamic testing serve as noninvasive studies that can be employed in the follow-up and management of patients with spinal dysraphism.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007866:Leg / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014563:Urodynamics