title: The pathophysiology and clinical aspects of hypercalcemic disorders.
abstract: FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS REVIEW, THE VAST AND INCREASINGLY COMPLEX SUBJECT OF HYPERCALCEMIC DISORDERS CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: (1) Physiochemical state of calcium in circulation. (2) Pathophysiological basis of hypercalcemia. (3) Causes of hypercalcemia encountered in clinical practice: causes indicated by experience at the University of California, Los Angeles; neoplasia; hyperparathyroidism; nonparathyroid endocrinopathies; pharmacological agents; possible increased sensitivity to vitamin D; miscellaneous causes. (4) Clinical manifestations and diagnostic considerations of hypercalcemic disorders. (5) The management of hypercalcemic disorders: general measures; measures for lowering serum calcium concentration; measures for correcting primary causes-the management of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000150:complications; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium