title: Crosslinked insulins: preparation, properties, and application.
abstract: Crosslinked insulins have proved to be valuable for structure-function studies and as proinsulin models. In the first part of the paper, a short review of the literature on analytical investigations, the preparation of A1-B1- and A1-B29-crosslinked derivatives, their biological activities in vivo and in vitro, and CD-spectral properties is given. The results of reduction/reoxidation studies with insulin derivatives containing irreversible and cleavable crosslinks are summarized. In the second part, new A1-B29-crosslinked monomers and 3 symmetrical dimers, linked between A1-A'1, B1-B'1 and B29-B'29, are described, as well as some results of tritium-labelling and of enzymatic degradation experiments with A1-B29-linked insulins.
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D004220:Disulfides; D007328:Insulin; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008722:Methods; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011384:Proinsulin; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D007328:Insulin; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D014316:Tritium; D011384:Proinsulin