title: Tissue substitutes in experimental radiation physics.
abstract: In this review of tissue substitute materials, the historical development of the important systems is traced from the early 1900's. Tabulations of the constituents, elemental compositions, specific gravities, and the photon and electron interaction characteristics of 64 materials are given together with recommendations of systems having useful simulation properties. Formulation and manufacturing procedures are described and possible future developments in both materials and phantom research are outlined.
mesh_terms: D004601:Elementary Particles; D008961:Models, Structural; D011830:Radiation Effects; D012106:Research; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014018:Tissue Distribution