title: Alkaloid N-oxides. A review of recent developments.
abstract: The preparation, characterization and chemistry of alkaloid N-oxides is reviewed. Because the literature on amine N-oxides is more extensive for animals than for plants, a brief resumé of the pharmacology, metabolism, and toxicity of N-oxides is given. Some 64 naturally occuring N-oxides representing pyrrolidine-piperidine-, pyrrolizidine-, quinolizidine-, tropane-, isoquinoline-, morphinane-, indole- and miscellaneous-type alkaloids are reviewed. These alkaloid N-oxides are additional to and, in the main, have been isolated since those described in a 1971 review. The earlier review dealt with some 56 naturally occurring N-oxides which represented mainly pyrrolizidine and indole types. The role of N-oxides in plants is discussed.
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D007211:Indoles / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009019:Morphinans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010087:Oxides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010782:Photolysis; D010880:Piperidines / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010944:Plants / Q000032:analysis; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012995:Solubility; D014326:Tropanes / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D007211:Indoles; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009019:Morphinans; D010087:Oxides; D010880:Piperidines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; D011807:Quinolizines; D014326:Tropanes