title: The anatomy and physiology of the bovine respiratory system relating to pulmonary disease.
abstract: Bovine respiratory anatomy and physiology were reviewed and considered in relationship to the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Factors which may predispose cattle to respiratory disease included a small physiological gaseous exchange capacity, greater basal ventilatory activity, and greater anatomical compartmentalization of the lung as compared with other mammals, a low level and atypical bioactivity of bovine lysozyme, and low numbers of macrophages within the alveolar lumen.
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011016:Pneumonia, Atypical Interstitial, of Cattle / Q000139:chemically induced; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000502:physiology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012119:Respiration; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012862:Skatole / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins; D012862:Skatole; D009113:Muramidase