title: In utero opiate dependence and sudden infant death syndrome.
abstract: Infants born to smoking, alcoholic, and drug-dependent women appear to suffer increased prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, vascular changes, and hypoxic episodes as a result of decreased oxygen carrying capacity in the blood, depression with overdose, and withdrawal symptoms. The author reviews these associations and suggests further research to clarify their role in the sudden infant death syndrome.
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000150:complications; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009294:Narcotics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D012907:Smoking / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics