title: Intraperitoneal povidone-iodine in experimental canine and murine peritonitis.
abstract: In dogs with appendicitis-peritonitis, intraperitoneal povidone-iodine caused death more rapidly than the instillation of saline solution. The bacterial content of canine peritoneal fluid increased with time. Although fewer bacteria were found in fluid from povidone-iodine-treated dogs, the differences were not statistically significant. Qualitative chemical analysis of peritoneal fluid revealed iodide, but not free iodine, 15 to 30 minutes after instillation of povidone-iodine. Iodine was present in the peritoneum at 2 hours but not at 3 or 6 hours. The antibacterial effect of povidone-iodine was demonstrated in mice challenged intraperitoneally with lethal doses of Escherichia coli. Povidone-iodine diminished mortality when injected immediately (p less than 0.005) but not when given 1 to 3 hours later. Immediate injection of povidone-iodine into mice lowered the number of E. coli by 3 logs. Injection of povidone-iodine 3 hours after bacterial challenge lowered the number of E. coli by only 1/3 log. This lesser bactericidal effect in mice is attributed to greater dispersal and sequestration of bacteria throughout the peritoneal cavity with time and with inactivation of povidone-iodine by reduction to iodide in vivo. In dogs with appendicitis-peritonitis, the more rapid death after treatment with povidone-iodine was not associated with differences in peritoneal microflora but with peritoneal absorption of excessive amounts of iodide.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003013:Clostridium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004285:Dogs; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007454:Iodides / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D011205:Povidone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D007454:Iodides; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D011205:Povidone