title: Research related to noninvasive instrumentation.
abstract: In the past three decades, techniques that permit noninvasive quantitation of the function of the heart  have been developed. Exercise electrocardiography has been widely used to determine the presence or absence of ischemic heart disease. Echocardiography permits detection of valvular, congenital and arteriosclerotic disease and quantitation of its severity. Selective use of isotopes allows nuclear angiogarphy, myocardial perfusion studies and detection of damage to cellular myocardium. New techniques such as computerized axial tomography, magnetometry, focused pulsed Doppler, and wider application of computer-enhanced image processing are important future directions for noninvasive monitoring.
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000266:history; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000266:history; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006334:Heart Function Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012106:Research; D014481:United States