title: Symptom formations and character changes due to upheavals of war: examples from Cyprus.
abstract: This article offers a review of the psychoanalytic and psychiatric literature on symptom formation and individual and collective character changes triggered by war or by similarly violent civil upheaval. It is suggested that each such event should be studied by itself since many different circumstances can bring man to acts of aggression. The effects of the war on Cyprus, where group narcissism developed to compensate for hurt, constitute a case example of such focused study.
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003209:Concentration Camps; D003535:Cyprus; D006115:Greece / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013534:Survival; D014421:Turkey / Q000208:ethnology