title: The reversal immune surveillance hypothesis.
abstract: The proposed reveral immune surveillance hypothesis is based on the identification primarily of self and secondarily of foreignness, unlike the original hypothesis that is based on the identification of foreignness per se. The proposed system is considered to have evolved from the invertebrates through to the vertebrates to become more complex in the mammals, and involves the identification of cell types by lymphocytes through the cell type surface pattern and major histocompatibility antigens. The identification of self and associated foreignness by the immune system is required for the regulation of cell differentiation and replication, and because of this design, the ability of the immune system to destroy foreignness can be regarded as a natural consequence. The reversal immune surveillance hypothesis explains why spontaneously occurring tumours may not be antigenic, in the sense of eliciting their own destruction, and is consistent with the destruction of tumour cells that display significant amounts of viral antigens or gross antigenic changes induced by carcinogenic agents. It is also able to explain the stimulation and inhibition of tumour development.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008211:Lymphocyte Cooperation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D008222:Lymphokines; D003165:Complement System Proteins