title: Comparison of glucagon, atropine, and placebo as premedication for endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
abstract: The effects of 0.5 mg glucagon and 0.5 mg atropine given intravenously as premedication in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy have been examined and compared to those of placebo (0.9% NaCl) in a double-blind study involving 36 patients and 1 endoscopist. The results showed no difference between atropine, glucagon, and placebo with regard to vomiting, opening of the pylorus, feeling of discomfort, or the success of the examination. Glucagon significantly reduced peristalsis compared with both atropine (p less than 0.01) and placebo (p less than 0.01). The reflux was also significantly reduced by glucagon compared with both atropine (p less than 0.01) and placebo (p less than 0.01). No difference was found between glucagon and atropine with regard to secretion, but both drugs reduced the secretion compared with placebo (p less than 0.05). Glucagon also reduced the secretion of mucus compared with placebo (p = 0.05). No adverse effects occurred.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001285:Atropine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy; D005773:Gastroscopy; D005934:Glucagon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000187:drug effects; D010919:Placebos; D011292:Premedication; D011708:Pylorus / Q000187:drug effects; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D001285:Atropine; D005934:Glucagon