title: Immersion vs pressure-breathing and diaphragmatic function in the upright position.
abstract: In seven anesthetized dogs, immersion in the upright position to mid-neck level (IM) was compared to pressure breathing (PB) under dry conditions during constant-stimulus diaphragmatic contraction (EPS). The comparison was in terms of EPS-induced changes in alveolar pressure under static condition (Pmus); EPS-induced tidal volume (VT); and the VT/Pmus ratio (C'). It was found that at iso-lung volume (V): (a) Pmus was greater in IM than in PB, the difference increased at higher V; (b) VT was greater in IM than in PB, but the VT difference (deltaVT) did not parallel that in Pmus; VT was maximum at a V equal to approximately 90% of FRC in air (FRCd) and decreased below and above this volume; (c) during both IM and PB, the VT-V relationship reflected a biphasic relationship of C' to V and appeared to be inherent to the upright position.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005652:Functional Residual Capacity; D007101:Immersion; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011187:Posture; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014109:Total Lung Capacity