title: Reduction in mutagenicity of cigarette smoke condensate by added sugars.
abstract: The effects of adding sugars to high- and low-tar cigarettes on the mutagenicity of their smoke condensates were studied using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 with and without metabolic activation. The sugars tested were glucose, fructose, galactose, sorbitol, sucrose and lactose. The lowest mutagenicities observed with these sugars per mg of smoke condensate assayed on TA98 with metabolic activation were 37% (high-tar cigarettes) and 22% (low-tar cigaretts) of that of smoke condensate from untreated cigarettes. Addition of sugars increased the total amounts of smoke condensates, but the mutagenicities of the total condensates were also decreased by all the sugars, the lowest values being 35% (high-tar cigarettes) and 36% (low-tar cigarettes) of that of smoke condensates from cigarettes without added sugar. On assay with TA100 with metabolic activation, decreases in both specific and total mutangenicities of condensates of high-tar cigarettes were observed with all the sugars tested except galactose and sucrose. Treatment with glucose, fructose or sorbitol decreased the specific mutagenicity of condensates of low-tar cigarettes and glucose and fructose reduced also their total mutagenicity. The effects of added sugars were more marked when assayed on TA98 than on TA100 and of the sugars tested fructose and sorbitol had the greatest effects. Addition of sugars had no effect of the mutagenicity of cigarette-smoke condensate without metabolic activation.
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005690:Galactose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007785:Lactose / Q000494:pharmacology; D009153:Mutagens; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics; D012906:Smoke; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D009153:Mutagens; D012906:Smoke; D005632:Fructose; D013012:Sorbitol; D013395:Sucrose; D005947:Glucose; D007785:Lactose; D005690:Galactose