title: Megavitamins and learning disorders: a controlled double-blind experiment.
abstract: The study investigated the effectiveness of large amounts of ascorbic acid, niacinamide, calcium pantothenate, and pyridoxine when added to a low carbohydrate-high protein diet with 20 learning disabled children. After a double-blind, 6-month period of treatment, the addition of vitamins to the diet failed to produce significant improvements when compared to the diet alone on a variety of intellectual, school achievement, perceptual, and behavioral, measures. Regardless of their group assignment, 18 children showed improvements on a parent-administered behavior checklist. However, without a diet-placebo control group, these gains may have been produced by parental enthusiasm or the children's maturation rather than dietary control. The children's urinary excretion of kryptopyrrole was unrelated to whether or not they showed pre-, post-test gains and, therefore, proved to be invalid as a screening test for "vitamin dependent (on pharmacologic doses) learning disorders."
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001077:Aptitude Tests; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D001538:Bender-Gestalt Test; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000628:therapy; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009974:Orthomolecular Therapy; D010919:Placebos; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000652:urine; D014888:Wechsler Scales
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010919:Placebos; D011758:Pyrroles; C011891:kryptopyrrole