Mutagenicity test of dyes used in cosmetics with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test.
37 dyes including 3 anthraquinone, 22 azo; 5 xanthene, 5 fluorandiol, and 2 thioindigo dyes, were tested for mutagenic potential with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. Two frame-shift histidine mutants (TA1537 and TA98) and two base-pair substituted histidine mutants (TA1535 and TA100) of Salmonella typhimurium were employed. Both the spot test and the plate-incorporation assay indicated that one azo dye, D&C Orange No. 17, was mutagenic with three of the bacterial test strains. The mutagenic response of D&C Orange No. 17 was depressed by the addition of the microsomal fractions from rat livers. Of the chemicals used to synthesize D&C Orange No; 17 was depressed by the addition of the microsomal fractions from rat livers. Of the chemicals used to synthesize D&C Orange No. 17, beta-naphthol was not mutagenic but 2,4-dinitroaniline was mutagenic to the same Salmonella strains as D&C Orange No. 17 . Dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of lipsticks of similar formula but without D&C Orange No. 17 were tested in the plate incorporation assay. Only those containing D&C Orange No. 17 were mutagenic and the dye was mutagenic at concentrations consumed in normal daily use.
D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics
D004396:Coloring Agents; D003358:Cosmetics; D009153:Mutagens