Effects of ionic and nonionic detergents on antigen-antibody reactions.
Using highly sensitive and quantitative radioimmunoassay procedures we have measured the effects of different concentrations of three commonly used detergents, SDS, DOC, and Triton X-100, on antibody-antigen reactions. Triton X-100, had a relatively mild effect on primary antigen-antibody bindings, the precipitin reaction, and a double antibody RIA as evidenced by only an 8 to 10% inhibition of binding or precipitation. These results were not detergent concentration dependent, as Triton concentrations ranging from 5 to 0.1% had virtually no differential effects. Sodium deoxycholate (DOC) had a more profound effect on both primary antigen-antibody binding and the precipitin reaction than did Triton X-100, and its effects, unlike those of Triton X-100, were concentration dependent. There was a direct relationship between concentration of DOC and degree of inhibition of both primary binding and immune precepitation especially in antigen excess. Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), at concentrations 10- to 100-fold less than either Triton X-100 or DOC, had profound inhibitory effects on primary antigen-antibody binding, the precipitin reaction, and a double antibody radioimmunoassay. Generally, at concentrations greater that 0.01% SDS, almost all immunochemical reactivity is destroyed.
D000818:Animals; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions / Q000187:drug effects*; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols