title: Relation between chloride exchange diffusion and a conductive chloride pathway across the isolated skin of the toad (Bufo bufo).
abstract: Substitution of chloride in the outside bathing medium of the toad skin with bromide, iodide, nitrate and sulphate leads to a reduction in the apparent exchange diffusion of chloride across this tissue, and also to a reduction of the chloride current recorded during hyperpolarization. A series of inhibitors (thiocyanate, furosemide, phloretin, and acetazolamide) also affects chloride exchange diffusion, hyperpolarization current as well as chloride influx during hyperpolarization. Although in some cases, effects on the short circuit current were also observed none of the effects on chloride transport systems could be explained as secondary effects due to a primary interaction with the sodium transport mechanisms. A correlation was found between the clamping current recorded during hyperpolarization and the efflux of chloride under short circuit conditions with chloride Ringer's on both sides. On the basis of these findings, and the results reported in the previous paper (Hviid Larsen and Kristensen 1977) it is considered probable that the membrane molecules responsible to chloride exchange diffusion under short circuit conditions, are rearranged under the influence of a hyperpolarizing clamping voltage, thereby forming channels allowing charge transferring transport of chloride.
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002023:Bufo bufo / Q000502:physiology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D010693:Phloretin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002712:Chlorides; D013861:Thiocyanates; D005665:Furosemide; D000086:Acetazolamide; D010693:Phloretin