title: Life support systems in intensive care: a review of history, ethics, cost, benefit and rational use.
abstract: This paper outlines the development of life support systems, i.e. artificial support systems for failing essential organs such as heart, lungs, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. The current status of organ support is discussed, particularly in relation to intensive care units. Ethical problems posed by the availability of these systems are presented, cost and cost/benefit ratios are discussed, and proposals are made for the rational use of life support systems in the intensive care situation.
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D010106:Oxygenators; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012151:Resuscitation