title: Total parenteral nutrition in pediatrics.
abstract: Parenteral nutrition (p.N.) is indicated whenever oral food intake is partly or completely disturbed. The objective of this type of treatments is to provide the organism with sufficient nutrients and maintain the structure and growth. The supply of an optimum mixture of water, protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and trace elements is a prerequisite for this. In the following parts of this study the indications for p.N., the technique and requirements for different nutrients, minerals, trace elements and vitamins are presented. A type of amino acid mixture especially prepared for pediatric use is prevented and new results of t.p.N. are discussed. In the following parts of this study the indications for p.N., the technique and practice of the infusion programme, the clinical and laboratory investigation of t.p.N., the complications and their prophylaxis during the p.N. are discussed. The goal of better total parenteral nutrition is approached when dosage, infusion rate, contraindications and the guidelines discussed here are observed. We will, however, continue the work for a further improvement of intravenous nutrition.
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008903:Minerals; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000592:standards*; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000592:standards*; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008903:Minerals; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins