title: Cell kinetics of mouse urinary bladder epithelium. V. Changes in the proportion of cells with various nuclear DNA content after repeated doses of cyclophosphamide.
abstract: A dose of 2 mg cyclophosphamide (Sendoxan, "Pharamcia", Sweden) dissolved in 0.2 ml distilled water was injected intraperitoneally once a week to 12 hairless mice for three months. Four animals were killed at 1, 2 and 3 months and micro-flow fluormetric histograms of the bladder epithelial cells were made. The proportion of cells in diploid S phase remained normal at 1 and 2 months, but increased at 3 months. The proportion of tetraploid S-phase cells fell rapidly and markedly and there were almost no cells in this phase at 1, 2 and 3 months. The proportion of diploid cells increased, the proportion of tetraploids was significantly reduced and the octoploid cells disappeared after 2 months. The changes are similar to those seen after repeated injections of the bladder carcinogen dibutylnitrosamine, but less pronounced. Since cyclophosphamide is a strong alkylating agent it is possible that, in the doses used, it is also a weak carcinogen for hte bladder epithelium. This must be tested in direct, long-term treatment experiments. Bladder cancers in humans receiving cyclophosphamide therapy have been described.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004171:Diploidy; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011003:Ploidies; D011123:Polyploidy; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009602:Nitrosamines; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D004247:DNA