title: The effects of naloxone and nalorphine during the development of morphine dependence in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: A randomized and blind experimental design was used to study the effects of naloxone and nalorphine on the development of morphine dependence in monkeys. The results suggest: (a) that significant dose-related differences existed for combined numbers of withdrawal symptoms times frequency of occurrences; (b) that naloxone and nalorphine were qualitatively similar; (c) antagonists are more effective as dependence develops; (d) naloxone is approximately 10 times more potent than nalorphine, and (e) vomiting was the only withdrawal sign with which ED50s could be calculated. Dependence on morphine still increases up to 9 months after the commonly accepted 90-day stabilization period as measured by the ED50 for vomiting for naloxone.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009021:Morphine Dependence; D009269:Nalorphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced; D014839:Vomiting
chemical_list: D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine; D009269:Nalorphine