title: Nasal injuries: their pathogenesis and treatment.
abstract: The treatment of a fractured nose by manipulation is criticised. A "perfect" result was achieved in only one-third of 40 cases, a finding mirrored in the literature. The anatomy of nasal fractures produced experimentally in 15 cadavers is described. A recurring pattern of septal fracture and displacement is identified as the cause of the poor results of manipulation. Release of locked septal displacement by a defined local submucous resection, as part of the primary treatment, has given greatly improved results.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D050724:Fractures, Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000293:injuries; D009666:Nose / Q000293:injuries*; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies