title: Charging for hospital pharmaceutical services: product cost, per diem fees and fees for special clinical services.
abstract: A method of charging for pharmaceutical services is described which includes the cost of drug products, dispensing fees for intravenous drug admixtures, per diem fees for basic dispensing and clinical services (according to patient type), and fees for special clinical services. The basic per diem charge covers drug purchasing and inventory control, department management, drug information services, dose preparation, drug order interpretation, drug therapy monitoring, and the availability of pharmacists to answer the questions of nurses and physicians. The clinical services for which special fees are charged are: hemogram drug report, drug liver function report, aminoglycoside dosing guidelines, heparin i.v. infusion, oral anticoagulation, patient drug history, operant conditioning, parenteral nutrition guidelines, and pharmacokinetic drug level interpretations and consultations. The reasons for changing to the system, the services provided and experiences with the system are discussed. Implementation of the system is discussed in relation to the calculation of fees; comparisons with alternate charging methods; approval of special clinical service charges; computer billing; information about pharmacy charges for patients; and third-party payers.
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004180:Direct Service Costs; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical; D006746:Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over; D008433:Mathematics; D008722:Methods; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics*