Diazoxide infusion in severe hypertension and hypertensive crisis.
Prompted by reports of hypotension with myocardial ischemia after bolus injection, we restudied the efficacy of diazoxide infusion (5 mg/kg, rate, 15 mg/min) in 35 hypertensive patients. In 20 patients with chronic hypertension, mean arterial pressure of 138 mm Hg was 110 (after 30 min) and 121 (after 8 hr). In 15 patients with hypertensive crisis, there was a fall from 159 to 126 (in 30 min) and 133 mm Hg (after 8 hr), similar to findings in 12 patients with hypertensive crisis treated with a 300-mg bolus injection (159, 130, 140 mm Hg). In the latter, the maximal systolic blood pressure decrease was greater (56 mm Hg, reached in 4 min) than in the 15 patients with hypertensive crisis treated by slow infusion (38 mm Hg in 28 min). Thus, infusion of diazoxide causes a gradual decline of blood pressure and is, in contrast to current opinion, also an effective treatment in hypertensive crisis.
D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006974:Hypertension, Malignant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
D003981:Diazoxide