title: Delayed antimicrobial effects of skin disinfection by alcohol.
abstract: Aqueous suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus were deposited on a Millipore filter and then exposed for a few seconds to 70% ethyl alcohol. Viable counts of bacteria extracted from the filter immediately after exposure to alcohol, and, in replicate experiments, after a further period of 3 h, showed that the mean immediate reduction of 97.6% in viable counts after treatment with alcohol was followed by a further mean reduction of 67.1% in the further 3 h holding time; the same bacterial suspensions allowed to dry on Millipore filters without exposure to alcohol showed a significantly smaller mean reduction in viable counts (34.3%) during a further 3 h holding time. These findings support the view that the reported further fall in numbers of bacteria on hands while wearing gloves for 3 h after alcohol disinfection can be explained by sublethal damage to some of the bacteria, from which they can recover only if promptly inoculated on culture medium.
mesh_terms: D000985:Antisepsis; D004202:Disinfectants; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D000431:Ethanol