title: Hypospadias: a familial study.
abstract: The families of 177 boys with varying degrees of hypospadias were evaluated prospectively to determine the occurrence of hypospadias and other congenital anomalies within this population. A significant number of male subjects in each family member category were affected, with first degree relatives (brothers and fathers) having a 14 and 9 per cent incidence, respectively. Siblings were at a greater risk for having this anomaly when the proband had a more severe degree of hypospadias and when the abnormality also was present in other relatives. A multifactorial mode of inheritance is suggested as the basis for transmission of this congenital defect.
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000235:genetics*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk