title: Ultrastructural and histochemical features of the thymus glands of the adult lungless salamander, Plethodon glutinosus (Caudata: Plethodontidae).
abstract: The thymus glands of adult slimy salamanders (Plethodon glutinosus) were examined by light and electron microscopy with the objective of describing the populations of epithelial cells believed to be secretory. The results of various histochemical procedures designed to demonstrate nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and mucosubstances were evaluated by light microscopy. Each thymus is incompletely subdivided into a variable number of interconnected lobules by trabeculae extending inward from a thin capsule composed of connective tissues. The thymic parenchyma lacks distinct cortical and medullary regions, although developing lymphocytes and plasma cells tend to accumulate in larger numbers in the outermost portions of the glands. Basophils are found regularly in the capsule and trabeculae, but only very rarely within the thymic parenchyma. The epithelial cells of the thymus can be classified into five categories: epithelial reticular cells; three varieties of granulated cells (types I, II, and III), and myoid cells. Epithelial reticular cells form a three-dimensional network which extends throughout all portions of the thymus. Type I and type II granulated cells can be distinguished from one another by various morphological criteria at the ultrastructural level, but only small differences in the composition of their inclusions can be demonstrated histochemically. Both types of granules are composed principally of a proteinaceous material containing an abundance of primary amino and guanidyl groups. In addition, most type I inclusions possess a lipid component that cannot be demonstrated in type II granules. Type III granulated cells possess very small cytoplasmic inclusions resembling those of gastroenteric endocrine cells. Myoid cells contain concentrically arranged myofibrils composed of sarcomeres. In favorably oriented material, small cysts can be identified whose walls are composed of mixtures of type I cells, type II cells, and epithelial reticular cells. Groups of degenerating epithelial cells form lamellated structures corresponding to Hassall's (thymic) corpuscles.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004848:Epithelium / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008264:Macrophages / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010503:Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014562:Caudata / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D008055:Lipids; D011506:Proteins