title: Adjuvant activities in production of reaginic antibody by bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan or synthetic N-acetylmuramyl dipeptides in mice.
abstract: This paper is concerned with the adjuvant activity in stimulatory immunoglobulin E production against ovalbumin (OA) by bacterial cell walls, cell wall peptidoglycan (PG), and their PG fragments and synthetic N-acetylmuramyl (MurNAc) dipeptides in A/J mice. A PG isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes, PG subunit polymer and dimer obtained from Staphylococcus epidermidis, and water-soluble fragments of cell walls or PG prepared from Nocardia corynebacteriodes and Streptomyces gardneri were found to enhance both the primary and secondary responses of anti-OA immunoglobulin E antibody production. It was suggested that the PG portion, either intact or highly degraded, was capable of enhancing the immunoglobulin E antibody production, and there was no need for the non-PG moiety or intactness of PG structure for the adjuvant activity. This finding was confirmed and extended by the use of synthetic MurNAc dipeptides. Among eight MurNAc dipeptides tested, MurNAc-l-Ala-d-isoGln, MurNAc-l-Ala-d-Gln, MurNAc-l-Ala-d-Glu, and MurNAc-l-Ser-d-isoGln were found active as an adjuvant in the stimulation of the primary and secondary reaginic anti-OA antibody production in a similar way to the cell wall PG and their fragments. None of the synthetic MurNAc-l-Ala-l-isoGln, MurNAc-l-Ala-l-Gln, MurNAc-l-Ala-l-Glu, and MurNAc-l-Ala-d-isoAsn, on the other hand, stimulated the anti-OA immunoglobulin E antibody production in either primary or secondary response, indicating the importance for the adjuvancy in immunoglobulin E production of the configuration of the glutamic acid residues adjacent to the l-Ala (or l-Ser) in muramyl dipeptides.
mesh_terms: D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000276:immunology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000276:immunology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D006020:Glycopeptides; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; D010047:Ovalbumin