title: Adjunctive chemotherapy of infection-induced staghorn calculi.
abstract: Bacteria induce urinary crystallization of struvite and carbonate-apatite as a by-product of ureolysis by urease. Eradication of infection and/or inhibition of urease with acetohydroxamic acid for 5 to 30 months retarded stone growth and brought about partial or comple dissolution of stones in 9 patients. Long-term chemotherapy with antimicrobial agents that achieve steril urine or acetohydroxamic acid in those patients with recalcitrant infection lessens the risk of recurrent calculogenesis.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D014508:Urea; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D014508:Urea