title: Urinary tract infection in children: diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a fairly frequent occurrence in children. Diagnosis should be made quickly and accurately by Gram staining and culture of an uncontaminated urine specimen. A first, uncomplicated UTI should be treated with sulfonamides or nitrofurantoin. Careful follow-up is necessary because of the high risk of recurrence. Sensitivity studies and specific antimicrobial therapy are indicated in any patient with recurrence and in patients with anatomic urinary tract abnormalities. Long-term prophylaxis may be needed.
mesh_terms: D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013444:Sulfisoxazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D013444:Sulfisoxazole; D009582:Nitrofurantoin