title: Frequencies of centromeric heteromorphisms of human chromosomes 3 and 4 as detected by QFQ technique: can they be identified by RFA technique?
abstract: One hundred normal Caucasians were studied by sequential QFQ and RFA banding techniques in order to estimate the type and frequency of heteromorphisms in the centromeric regions of chromosome 3 and 4. Intensity variants were classified into 1 of 5 levels of QFQ banding. QFQ intensity heteromorphisms (greater than or equal to level 3) for chromosomes 3 and 4 were 62 and 15 percent respectively. The interrelationship between QFQ and RFA variants were also examined. When the centromere was brilliant by QFQ, it was found that it was deep red by RFA; when it was pale by QFQ, it was light red by RFA. Neverthless, a blind coded study could not pick up these color variants by RFA. QFQ banding showed variations of the centromeric regions of chromosomes 3 and 4 while RFA banding failed to demonstrate it. It was concluded that QFQ  is the most useful technique in detecting the different intensity levels in the centromeric regions of chromsomes 3 and 4.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002503:Centromere / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002871:Chromosome Banding / Q000379:methods*; D002900:Chromosomes, Human, 1-3 / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002905:Chromosomes, Human, 4-5 / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic