title: The incidence of cone epiphyses and ivory epiphyses of the hand in Nigerian children.
abstract: Radiographs of the left hand of 594 children from Ibadan, Nigeria were inspected for skeletal anomalies to determine differences in the incidence of cone and ivory epiphyses for the rich and poor children and differences in incidence for four hemoglobin types. Ivory epiphyses ovvurred more often in children in the lower socio-economic class and children with hemoglobin AA. The cone epiphyses observed in Hb SS children were primarily a result of bone infarcts, while cones in children of other hemoglobin types appeared to be normal variants. The incidence of ivory epiphyses was higher in the Nigerian children than in American black children in the Ten-State Nutrition Survey. The incidence of cone epiphyses was much lower than those reported for other normal populations.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications; D044383:Black People; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004838:Epiphyses; D006801:Humans; D009549:Nigeria; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012805:Sickle Cell Trait / Q000150:complications; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States; D001741:Black or African American