title: Quantitative models for growth inhibition of human leukemia cells by antitumor anthracycline derivatives.
abstract: A batch elution method with hydroxylapatite was developed to assay DNA damage by a set of antitumor anthracycline derivatives and was standardized with respect to the kinetics of unwinding, size of the alkaline unwinding unit, and fidelity of selective elution of single and double-stranded DNA. The method was applied to a study of a set of 10 antitumor anthracycline derivatives which inhibit growth of CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells over a range of potencies exceeding four orders of magnitude. The derivatives, including Adriamycin, daunorubicin, and carminomycin, vary in structure at C-4 and C-13, with substitutions at C-14 and N and stereochemical differences at C-4'. In a static model (fixed drug concentrations and incubation times), the potency [1/ID37 (concentration of agent that inhibits cell growth by 37%)] of nine of the ten derivatives may be expressed as functions of DNA damage (n), inhibition of thymidine incorporation (l), and drug retention (r): ID37 = Ka(r/l . n)kb, with a coefficient of correlation of greater than 0.99. A kinetic model with 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (varying concentrations and incubation times) was also described. Following initial uptake and a period of rapid loss after cells are washed free of excess drug, the change in agent concentration in the cells follows first-order kinetics. The cell index (cell number after 50 hr in drug-free growth medium/cell number after initial 2-hr exposure with drug) may be expressed linearly in terms of the kinetics of drug loss (coefficient of correlation, greater than 0.98), or as functions of 1/n (coefficient of correlation, greater than 0.958), 1/l . n (coefficient of correlation, greater than 0.963, or r/l . n (coefficient of correlation, greater than 0.963). These studies may be used to define a class of similarly acting anthracycline agents and to give some insight into the mechanism of action of the agents that fall within the class.
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D007700:Kinetics; D007945:Leukemia, Lymphoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009279:Naphthacenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D006027:Glycosides; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D009279:Naphthacenes; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003630:Daunorubicin