title: Critical appraisal of routine supraclavicular lymph node biopsy in staging of testicular tumors.
abstract: Supraclavicular lymph node biopsy was performed as a staging procedure in 36 patients with germ cell tumors of the testis and nonpalpable supraclavicular nodes. Of 28 patients with clinical Stage A or B disease, 1 patient (4 per cent) was found to have supraclavicular metastases. Of 8 patients with clinical Stage C disease, 2 (25 per cent) had supraclavicular metastases. The apparent infrequency with which subclinical supradiaphragmatic disease is documented with this procedure and the current use of adjuvant systemic therapy in patients with pathologic Stage B nonseminomatous tumors suggest that supraclavicular lymph node biopsy should be abandoned as a routine staging procedure.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002968:Clavicle; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*