title: Immobility induced by forced swimming in rats: effects of agents which modify central catecholamine and serotonin activity.
abstract: Rats were forced to swim in a restricted space will rapidly cease apparent attempts to escape and adopt a characteristic posture which we have termed "immobility". We show in previous experiments that immobility was reduced by a variety of antidepressant agents and thus suggested that the method could serve as a screening model for antidepressants. The present experiments showed that immobility was reduced by drugs which increase central dopaminergic and alpha-adrenergic activity but was less affected by drugs which act mainly on central serotonin. Conversely, immobility could be increased by drugs which diminish central catecholamine activity but not by drugs which inhibit central serotonin. It was concluded that immobility depended primarily on the activity of central catecholamines but that caution was required before ascribing immobility exclusively to activity within a single system.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000187:drug effects; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine