Pseudohypoparathyroidism and epilepsy: diagnostic value of computerized cranial tomography.
Computerized cranial tomograms (CCTs) unexpectedly showed bilateral symmetrical calcifications in the basal ganglia and frontal areas in two unrelated epileptic patients 12 and 13 years of age. The patients presented with a variety of seizures, some with focal features; these seizures were resistant to medication in the first case. Subsequent testing revealed hypocalcemia and other biochemical and radiologic features of pseudohypoparathyroidism, despite absence of the usual phenotypic features, tetanic symptoms, and positive family history. The CCT scan may provide the first clue to an underlying hypocalcemic disorder in an epileptic patient even when the skull X-ray is normal. Early detection of this metabolic condition by CCT scanning allows specific treatment to restore serum calcium levels to normal, which usually eliminates seizures and favors optimal cerebral functioning. Serial CCT scanning also provides a useful means for following the intracerebral calcifications, which remained unchanged after 1 and 2 years of normocalcemia in our 2 patients.
D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011547:Pseudohypoparathyroidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed