title: The first symptoms of carcinoma of the oesophagus, with particular reference to amaqhakuva. A report from the Republic of Transkei.
abstract: The first symptoms of cancer of the oesophagus in 82 Xhosa patients were found to be dysphagia (43%), interscapular back pain (23%), sore throat (21%) and epigastric pain (11%). More than half of the patients in whom a sore throat was the first symptom of the disease described the simultaneous occurrence of oropharyngeal lesions (amaqhakuva). No correlation could be found between the first symptoms and the characteristics of the oesophageal carcinoma at the time of presentation.
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001415:Back; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000150:complications; D012737:Sex Factors