title: Hereditary acanthocytosis associated with the McLeod phenotype of the Kell blood group system.
abstract: Some boys with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) have red cells of the rare McLeod phenotype in the Kell blood group system. Only one example of this phenotype has previously been described in a non-CGD subject. We have studied a 10-year-old boy and a maternal brother who do not have CGD and whose red cells are of the McLeod type . The boy presented as a haematological problem with red-cell abnormalities. These were acanthocytosis, anisocytosis and 'tailing' in the osmotic fragility curve, changes now known to occur with the McLeod phenotype. Subsequent studies revealed his rare blood group. A family study has established that an uncle also has acanthocytic red cells and the McLeod phenotype. In addition the boy's sister, mother and maternal grandmother all show red-cell mosaicism with double populations of McLeod acanthocytes and normal red cells of common Kell type. The gene that determines inheritance of the McLeod phenotype is X-linked and the mosaicism present in female carriers is believed to result from X chromosome inactivation by the Lyon effect. The study provides further evidence that the McLeod phenotype arises by inheritance of a variant X-linked modifying gene and not through inheritance of a variant gene at the Kell autosomal locus. It also represents the first occasion that a person of rare blood group has been recognized because of an associated anomaly in red cell morphology.
mesh_terms: D000050:Acanthocytes / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000745:Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000032:analysis; D004913:Erythrocytes, Abnormal / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007626:Kell Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009996:Osmotic Fragility; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D007626:Kell Blood-Group System; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids