title: Behavior modification therapy in hyperactive children. Research and clinical implications.
abstract: One hundred fifty-seven studies employing behavior modification in the management of hyperactive and disruptive children were reviewed. The studies were analyzed against standards of scientific validity. The review found: (1) behavior modification was effective in alleviating problem behaviors; (2) token programs were the most commonly used; (3) both positive reinforcement and punishment were effective; positive reinforcement, however, had the advantage of improving self-esteem; (4) behavioral problems occurring in the home most likely require a home-based program; (5) behavior modification and stimulant medication can be used simultaneously, often with additive effects; and (6) long-term benefits beyond one year have not been assessed.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012107:Research Design; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008774:Methylphenidate