title: Fetal risk in delivery with the Shute parallel forceps: analysis of 1,503 forceps deliveries.
abstract: A total of 1,503 vaginal deliveries with the Shute parallel forceps during a 10 year period are analyzed as to the risk of instrumental damage. In this series, 35 infants died intrapartum or neonatally. Eliminating all deaths from unrelated causes, three remain in which the forceps could possibly have been implicated. Investigation of these, however, revealed in each case the presence of other concomitant and potentially lethal factors, none of which could be completely ruled out as the primary cause of fetal death. Each of the three cases is discussed in detail. We conclude from our series that the Shute forceps is useful in the delivery of premature infants, but should be employed for this maneuver only by very experienced operators. In these cases, midforceps should be performed only for critical indications. The risk of damage with parallel forceps deliveries from the pelvic floor is minimal if decision for operation is based on cardiotocographic criteria, and under favorable degrees of oxygenation. In the delivery of the immature infants, the parallel forceps can, in fact, hardly be superseded by any other instrument because of its unique controlled protection of the fragile fetal head from even the pressures of the birth canal. Delivery with the Shute forceps can be performed effectively under pudendal block or local infiltration anesthesia.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009772:Obstetrical Forceps / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012306:Risk