title: Significance of intravascular and intracardiac movement of the cardiac catheter in ventriculo-atrial shunts (review of 655 cases).
abstract: Proper placement of ventriculo-atrial shunts can be complicated by three phenomena: 1. Movement of the cardiac catheter intravascularly into the internal jugular vein as noted on chest X-ray. 2. Movement of the cardiac catheter during intraoperative X-ray leading to blurring and hence problems in accurate localization. 3. No sign on X-ray of the catheter tip or even of the catheter itself despite previous X-ray visualization and good function, a problem to be obviated by better radiopaque markings.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications