Effects of instructions and format on reported visual imagery.
156 subjects (students and working adults) completed Marks' Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire in one of two formats reflecting item order (blocked, random) under one of three instructional conditions (easy, neutral, difficult) reflecting ease of image formation. Although the effect of instructions (but not format) was significant, scores were lower, i.e., more vivid imagery was reported, in the easy than in the neutral or difficult conditions, which did not differ. These results suggest that the validity of Marks' questionnaire is not seriously weakened by response leniency.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014796:Visual Perception