title: [D-Penacillamine. From constituent of penicillins to significant drug].
abstract: D-Penicillamine is used against a variety of diseases. For many years it has been successful in treating Wilson's disease, cystinuria and heavy-metal poisonings. It also proved to be effective against rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, chronic active hepatitis, pulmonary fibrosis and multiple sclerosis. However, the use of D-penicillamine is still limited owing to the frequent occurrence of considerable, though generally reversible, side effects. This article deals with the history of D-penicillamine as well as the methods of its synthesis, its pharmacokinetics, effects and side effects. In addition, the significance of the stereo isomeric L-penicillamine is discussed.
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy; D003555:Cystinuria / Q000188:drug therapy; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010406:Penicillins; D011041:Poisoning; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D010396:Penicillamine
vernacular_title: D-Penicillamin: Vom Baustein des Penicillins zum vielseitigen Pharmakon.