title: Level of aspiration in female stutterers: changing times?
abstract: In a study designed to cross-check a previous finding that females who stutter suffer from markedly low self-esteem and low levels of aspiration, 21 female stutters and 35 female controls were compared on the Rotter Level of Aspiration Board. For the female stutterers, the mean D score was +1.46, while for the female nonstutterers, it was +3.11 (t = 2.75; p less than 0.005). It was concluded that females who stutter do indeed suffer from low self-esteem, as reflected in their greater reluctance to bid for scores promising higher achievement. Comparison of the 1979 sample with a 1955 sample indicated that female stutterers may be making some generational gains in self-esteem perhaps reflecting improved status of females in our society.
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D001240:Aspirations, Psychological; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D012649:Self Concept; D013342:Stuttering / Q000523:psychology*