title: The behavior of three different types of materials in vitro and in the dynamic physiological environment: review and analyses of critical parameters.
abstract: A comparative analysis of smooth-surfaced synthetic materials, gels, especially those based on polyacrylamide, and polyester flocked surfaces indicate profound differences between these three types of materials when in contact with blood. Although many smooth-surface materials adsorb fibrinogen in vitro, several of these perform well in vivo without polymerization of fibrinogen to fibrin leading to clot-formation apparently because of enzymatic reactions in the physiological environment. Polyacrylamide hydrogels adsorb little plasma proteins, show negligible platelet adhesion and activation. In contrast, polyester flocked (fibril) surface deposit large quantites of fibrinogen that polymerizes to fibrin with entrapped formed blood elements (clot). The thickness of this layer is difficult to control and the build-up continues to a thickness up to approximately 400 to 600 micron depending on the species. The danger of clot-fragmentation and flock-detachment especially during flexing makes these rough surfaces inferior in blood-contacting application, in comparison to the best current synthetic smooth-surfaced biomaterials, hydrogels, and chemically modified natural tissue components.
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides; D000327:Adsorption; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001769:Blood; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005340:Fibrinogen; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011140:Polyurethanes; D013499:Surface Properties; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005782:Gels; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011140:Polyurethanes; D005340:Fibrinogen