title: Development of standard test methods for evaluating defibrillation recovery characteristics of disposable ECG electrodes.
abstract: A clinically relevant test for the measurement of defibrillation overload recovery of prefilled disposable ECG electrodes was developed and is proposed for use in an ECG electrode standard under development by AAMI. Defibrillation overload voltages and currents, as well as electrode polarization recovery voltages, were first measured in animal tests on 12 types of electrodes to allow correlation with various bench tests using a capacitor discharge at 10, 200, or 1000 V. Current overloads absorbed by the electrodes under worst conditions in animal tests were in the range of 2 percent of the defibrillation current flowing through the chest. These overloads were absorbed by most Ag-AgCl electrodes without excessive polarization. However, stainless steel, brass, and tin electrodes tended to polarize to levels that would saturate many ECG monitors. A standard bench test using a 200-V 10-muF capacitor was recommended for inclusion in the AAMI standard to determine whether electrodes are acceptable for use during defibrillation.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004560:Electricity; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes / Q000592:standards*; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D008670:Metals; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D008670:Metals