title: Zoonotic diseases in psittacine birds: apparent increased occurrence of chlamydiosis (psittacosis), salmonellosis, and giardiasis.
abstract: Between September 1977 and November 1978, chlamydiosis (psittacoisis) was diagnosed in 52 of 128 parrots, 5 of 12 cockatiels, 2 of 5 cockatoos, 3 of 6 macaws, 1 of 22 conures, 2 of 18 lovebirds, and 6 of 76 parakeets; 2 lories and 1 lorikeet were chlamydiosis negative. Two cases of human chlamydiosis were associated with two submissions of parrots subsequently found to have active infection. Twenty parrots (including 13 that were chlamydiosis positive), 2 cockatiels, 1 macaw, 1 lorie, and 1 parakeet yielded salmonella organisms, of which 16 were identified as Salmonella typhimurium, 8 as untypeable monophasic salmonellae of serogroup B, and 1 as S arizonae. Three S typhimurium from parrots that had been treated with chlortetracycline for chlamydiosis were resistant to tetracyclines, streptomycin, and sulfonamides; another isolate was found to be resistant to chloramphenicol only. Severe giardiasis was diagnosed in parakeets originating from six aviaries.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010240:Parakeets; D010311:Parrots; D011563:Psittaciformes; D009956:Psittacosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013781:Texas; D015047:Zoonoses