title: Creation of a male chest in female transsexuals.
abstract: This paper describes the indications for operation, the choice of operation, and the results in 9 patients evaluated by a gender identity clinic and referred for breast removal and construction of a male chest. These patients have lived for an average of ten years in their cross-gender identity and were found to be stable, nondemanding, cooperative, and responsible in their life as males. A different operation is recommended for each of three types of breasts. None of the patients was suitable for a simple gynecomastia-type operation. Patients with excess skin should have a procedure that produces an inframammary crease scar not connected to the nipple. Patients with less skin require a procedure that results in a C-shaped scar curing downward and laterally from the nipple.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*