title: Markedness analysis of phonemic substitution errors in apraxia of speech.
abstract: The phonemic substitution errors of ten apractic speakers were analyzed to investigate the effects of markedness on speech production patterns. Results revealed that: more errors were produced on phonemes high in markedness; more changes in markedness were from marked to unmarked than unmarked to marked; and errors and directional changes in markedness were positively correlated with ease of articulation. The findings were interpreted as a systematic effort by the apractic speakers to reduce the complexity of articulatory gestures required to produce phonemes.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001072:Apraxias / Q000150:complications*; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010700:Phonetics