title: The extent of fetal ossification as an index of delayed development in teratogenic studies on the rat.
abstract: In teratogenic studies toxic effects may manifest themselves in retarded fetal development, such as a reduction in fetal weight. In searching for an additional index, the number of centers of ossification in seven skeletal districts (sternum, metacarpus, metatarsus, cervical and caudal vertebrae, anterior and posterior proximal phalanges) of rat fetuses delivered on days 19, 20 and 21 of gestation were counted and compared. Results showed uneven ossification in day-19 and -20 fetuses, but sufficiently advanced, homogeneous and uniform ossification in day-21 fetuses to provide a reliable quantitative index for evaluating retarded fetal development. It is therefore proposed that the stage of skeletal ossification in day-21 fetuses be used in teratogenic studies in the rat to evaluate retarded fetal development.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats / Q000196:embryology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013723:Teratogens / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens