Hypothesis for the individualisation of drug dosage.
Computer simulations based on the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol and theophylline in patients, indicate a very strong correlation (r = 0.988 for chloramphenicol and r = 0.971 for theophylline) between log maintenance dose required to achieve a desired average drug concentration in serum at steady-state, and the drug concentration in serum 6 hours after an initial test dose administered by constant rate intravenous infusion over 0.5h. Accordingly, we have developed a nomogram to predict individual daily dosing requirements for these drugs in uncomplicated patients from a single serum assay following an initial dose. Within defined limits, predictions made with the nomogram are essentially equivalent to those made by iraditional pharmacokinetic methods which require substantially more drug concentration-time data following a test dose. Predictions based on the nomogram are relatively unaffected by small but typical errors in magnitude of the test dose, infusion time, sampling time and assay. Protocols for the administration of the test dose other than described, e.g. administration of an oral theophylline solution, may be equally useful for dosage predictions. In principle, this approach should apply to other drugs.
D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D013806:Theophylline / Q000378:metabolism
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D013806:Theophylline