title: Repeated exposure to butenolide vapour: subacute study in Syrian golden hamsters.
abstract: The subacute inhalation toxicity of butenolide was examined in hamsters by repeated exposure of 4 groups of 10 males and 10 females to butenolide vapour at concentrations of 0, 5.4, 25 and 130 ppm respectively (6 h/day, 5 days/week) for a period of 13 weeks. The effects found at 130 ppm included eye irritation, salivation, nasal discharge, growth retardation, decreased number of eosinophils, increased liver weight, and hyper- and metaplastic epithelium in the nasal cavity. At the 5.4 and 25 ppm levels no changes were observed which could be attributed to butenolide; 25 ppm was, therefore, considered the highest no-toxic effect level observed. The actual no-adverse effect level was placed at 75 ppm.
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; C004511:butenolide; D015107:4-Butyrolactone