title: On the mechanism of lactate dehydrogenase release from skeletal muscle in relation to the control of cell volume.
abstract: The mechanism of enzyme release from isolated skeletal muscle was illustrated by the study of the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In hypotonic media of different composition but of same tonicity the increase of LDH permeability was triggered at the same range of relative osmolality R (0.45 less than R less than 0.55), although the swelling in the respective media showed appreciable differences. The kinetics of muscle swelling showed that a deviation from the theoretically computed swelling curve to lower values of swelling was connected with an increased LDH permeability. The reduction of swelling was ATP- and Ca2+ and/or Mg2-dependent. It is concluded that swelling of cells generally precedes the leakage of soluble enzymes, and the cross-linking of filaments at the sarcoplasmic side of the sarcolemma under appropriate conditions can counteract swelling, thereby blebbing off the cell membrane from the filament meshwork. In the course of this process, sufficiently large membrane lesions are produced through which macromolecules may escape into the extracellular space.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004140:Dinitrophenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004140:Dinitrophenols; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium