title: Subcellular distribution and properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase from 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced rat hepatomas.
abstract: The subcellular distribution and properties of four aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes (I-IV) identified in 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced rat hepatomas and three aldehyde dehydrogenases (I-III) identified in normal rat liver are compared. In normal liver, mitochondria (50%) and microsomal fraction (27%) possess the majority of the aldehyde dehydrogenase, with cytosol possessing little, if any, activity. Isoenzymes I-III can be identified in both fractions and differ from each other on the basis of substrate and coenzyme specificity, substrate K(m), inhibition by disulfiram and anti-(hepatoma aldehyde dehydrogenase) sera, and/or isoelectric point. Hepatomas possess considerable cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (20%), in addition to mitochondrial (23%) and microsomal (35%) activity. Although isoenzymes I-III are present in tumour mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, little isoenzyme I or II is found in cytosol. Of hepatoma cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, 50% is a hepatoma-specific isoenzyme (IV), differing in several properties from isoenzymes I-III; the remainder of the tumour cytosolic activity is due to isoenzyme III (48%). The data indicate that the tumour-specific aldehyde dehydrogenase phenotype is explainable by qualitative and quantitative changes involving primarily cytosolic and microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase. The qualitative change requires the derepression of a gene for an aldehyde dehydrogenase expressed in normal liver only after exposure to potentially harmful xenobiotics. The quantitative change involves both an increase in activity and a change in subcellular location of a basal normal-liver aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzyme.
mesh_terms: D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004221:Disulfiram / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera; D007527:Isoenzymes; D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; D004221:Disulfiram