title: Effects of immersion and static lung loading on submerged exercise at depth.
abstract: The effects of static lung loading in the range +20 cmH2O to -20 cmH2O was investigated in 3 male subjects breathing air during submerged exercise in the prone position at pressures ranging from 1.45 ATA to 6.76 ATA. Both maximal and submaximal exercise was performed and dry controls were done at 1.45 ATA. A low-resistance bag-in-a-box breathing apparatus (less than 1.25 cmH2O/liter/s at 8 g/liter density) was used. Static lung loading had little effect on maximal or submaximal VO2, VCO2, VE, heart rate, or end-tidal PCO2, while increased breathing gas density did affect these parameters to a larger extent. Imersion per se reduced the VE at a given level of VO2 and increased both the VT and VA at a given VE. Increasingly positive static lung load increased VC and ERV both during rest and exercise. Exercise-induced dyspnea was experienced and scored. At submaximal VO2 levels up to 2.5 liter/min this dyspnea did not limit exercise at any depth, but during maximal exertion at 6.76 ATA (VO2 from 3.45--3.77 liter/min), dyspnea became work limiting in several cases. Static load had a marked effect on dyspnea and a load of +10 cmH2O produced the least dyspnea, enabling all subjects to perform maximal exertions for 5 min at 6.76 ATA. The 15-s MVV was performed at all depths and static loads and neither it nor the VE/MVV ratio correlated with the degree of dyspnea.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004417:Dyspnea; D005105:Expiratory Reserve Volume; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007101:Immersion / Q000009:adverse effects; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D009326:Naval Medicine; D010100:Oxygen; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012119:Respiration; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen