title: Optimal nutritional support in surgery for bladder cancer: preservation of visceral protein by amino acid infusions.
abstract: Seventeen patients undergoing 19 major urological operations for bladder cancer or rectal leiomyosarcoma (1 case) were studied after randomization for 3 hypocaloric dietary regimens, preoperative keto-adaptation by a carbohydrate-free, oral protein diet continued in the postoperative period by isotonic amino acid infusions, postoperative amino acid infusions only and 5 per cent dextrose infusions. In these normally nourished patients serum transferrin (plus 13 mg./dl. minus 30 mg./dl., minus 69 mg./dl., p less than 0.05 for the first and combined amino acid groups against the third group) and 2 other short half-life hepatic secretory proteins, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein, represented sensitive indexes of visceral protein and nutritional support, superior to nitrogen balance, anthropometric assays, delayed hypersensitivity skin test reactivity and serum albumin. Near isotonic amino acid infusions were more effective in preserving visceral protein status than 5 per cent dextrose but preoperative keto-adaptation was not shown to have any increased benefit over protein-sparing therapy given only after an operation.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000886:Anthropometry; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D007662:Ketosis / Q000209:etiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D011228:Prealbumin; D011506:Proteins; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014168:Transferrin; D009584:Nitrogen