title: Ontogeny of two cholinergically mediated central effects: stereotyped yawning and potentiation of head-shaking.
abstract: The ontogenetic course of two cholinergically mediated central neuropharmacological effects, yawning and potentiation of head-shaking induced by D-amphetamine (5 mg/kg), was explored in developing rats. Physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg) and pilocarpine (4 mg/kg) evoke stereotyped yawning in neonatal rats, the effect declining in the middle of the second week of life. Both cholinomimetic drugs strongly potentiate amphetamine induced head-shaking between the 4th and 10th postnatal days. Pilocarpine per se is capable of inducing head-shaking, in the absence of amphetamine, in rats from 8 to 12 days. Infant rat yawning and head-shaking are blocked by scopolamine (5 mg/kg). Nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) potentiates head-shaking but inhibits yawning. Yawning is also depressed by D-amphetamine. The early maturation of these cholinergic effects is discussed in comparison to the later maturation of several forebrain cholinergic systems.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development*; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010862:Pilocarpine; D010830:Physostigmine