title: Midbrain interaction with the hypothalamus in expression of aggressive behavior in cats.
abstract: The effects of injections of M- and N-cholinergic blocking agents into the antero-medial hypothalamus (HM) and the midbrain central gray (GC) on the aggressive behavior of cats, evoked by microinjections of carbachol into those areas, were investigated in chronic experiments. The influence of pharmacological suppression of the M-cholinergic system in HM on the carbachol-induced aggression response from GC and vice versa was also studied. In the experiments a quantitative method was applied for measuring the specific vocalization - growling, which is a characteristic of aggressive behavior. In the HM and GC areas of the cat the N- and the M-cholinergic systems participated in the control of aggressive behavior, but the M-component dominated in the process. The suppression of M-cholinergic system in GC prevented the appearance of aggressive behavior evoked by injections of carbachol into HM, and the M-cholinergic blockade in HM reduced (by 90 percent) the aggression response evoked by the injections of carbachol into GC. It is concluded that a concurrent action of the hypothalamic and the midbrain cholinergic systems is necessary for the appearance of a fully expressed aggressive behavior. The hypothalamus and the midbrain are probably links of the same functional circuit, and that the control of aggressive behavior is based on a circulatory action between these structures.
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds; D001285:Atropine; D002217:Carbachol