title: Intravenous procaine as a supplement to general anesthesia for carbon dioxide laser resection for carbon dioxide laser resection of laryngeal papillomas in children.
abstract: Procaine suppresses the cough reflex, decreases laryngeal irritability, and has general anesthetic properties. For these reasons, 14 pediatric patients undergoing CO2 laser resection of laryngeal papillomas were studied in which an intravenous infusion of procaine (1 mg/kg/min) was added to N2O-O2 halothane/enflurane general anesthesia immediately following endotracheal intubation. These patients were compared to nine patients receiving the same anesthesia without procaine. The mean age of both groups was 11 years. There was no difference between the groups in duration of anesthesia or surgery. Emergence, however, averaged 15 minutes in study patients compared to 36 minutes in the control group (p less than 0.01). There was no difference in anesthetic concentrations required to maintain satisfactory operative conditions in the two groups. Muscle relaxants were required intraoperatively in seven control patients but in none of the study patients. The surgeon ranked the operative conditions excellent in all study patients but poor in seven of the nine control patients. Five of the latter required postoperative treatment of laryngeal complications, including reintubation in three. Only one of the study patients had postoperative stridor. No evidence of procaine toxicity was noted in the study patients with total doses ranging from 500--3600 mg. Intravenous procaine is useful in pediatric patients having endoscopic laryngeal operations.
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002648:Child; D004737:Enflurane; D006221:Halothane; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010212:Papilloma / Q000601:surgery*; D011343:Procaine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D011343:Procaine; D004737:Enflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D006221:Halothane