title: [Carbohydrate absorption and malabsorption (author's transl)].
abstract: Starch is digested intraluminally by alpha-amylase to maltose, maltotriose, and alpha-limit dextrins. These products, as well as the disaccharides sucrose and lactose, undergo enzymatic hydrolysis to monosaccharides at the brush border surface. The monosaccharides enter the absorbing cell by specific transport mechanisms ("carriers"). Primary carbohydrate (CH) intolerance is characterized by the congenital or acquired absence of individual brush border enzymes or of monosaccharide "carriers" without morphologic abnormalities of the intestinal villus: lactose, sucrose and trehalose intolerance and glucose-galactose malabsorption (brush border diseases). Secondary CH intolerance arises when surface digestion and absorption are reduced due to structural changes of the intestinal mucosa: e.g., decrease or absence of villi with sprue and reduction of the absorbing surface with intestinal resection. Watery diarrhea is the lead symptom. Many drugs delay or interfere with CH absorption. This action may be viewed either as an unwanted side effect or as a welcome therapeutic principle.
mesh_terms: D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002239:Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D003903:Deuterium / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000032:analysis; D005693:Galactosemias / Q000378:metabolism; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D007787:Lactose Intolerance / Q000378:metabolism; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D014199:Trehalose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D013395:Sucrose; D003903:Deuterium; D014199:Trehalose; D005947:Glucose
vernacular_title: Kohlenhydratresorption und Malabsorption.