title: Cook/chill foodservice systems. Predicting cooling time of a ground beef entrée chilled in bulk.
abstract: Mathematical formulas which incorporate thermal properties of the food, geometry of the food mass, and process conditions during cooling were used to predict the time required for a cooked ground beef product chilled in bulk to cool to 45 degrees F. (7 degrees C.). Formulas predicted cooling time within 36 min. (11 per cent) of the actual cooling time. For widespread application, additional information on thermal properties of entrée products of the type served in foodservice operations needs to be obtained.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005522:Food Services; D008433:Mathematics; D008460:Meat; D012034:Refrigeration; D013814:Thermal Conductivity; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors