title: Produciton and biological activity of patulin and citrinin from Penicillium expansum.
abstract: Penicillium expansum isolated from meat and apples produced both patulin and citrinin. Toxin identity was confirmed by spectroscopic and physical methods. The mean lethal dose in chicken embryos was determined for toxins administered both singly and in various ratios. Data from simultaneous administration of mycotoxin combinations plotted as isobolograms showed and additive effect. Both toxins were teratogenic in chicken embryos.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000187:drug effects; D002953:Citrinin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D010365:Patulin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010407:Penicillium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011714:Pyrans / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013723:Teratogens
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D011714:Pyrans; D013723:Teratogens; D002953:Citrinin; D010365:Patulin