title: [Changes in body composition during various reducing diets].
abstract: A method of measuring body density is presented which allows much greater precision in calculating the fat content of the human body than the usual methods of under-water weighing. Using this method, body fat was determined for three groups: normal weight, moderately overweight, and obese subjects. In spite of vast amounts of energy stored in the obese patient, no advantages for the pre- or post-surgical phase result. The explanation for this paradoxical situation is seen in two factors: 1. The cardiovascular system is not capable of delivering more energy because mobilisation of fat depends on corresponding oxygen intake. 2. Aside from this, a metabolic limiting factor exists in the mobilisation of protein reserves for the production of glucose, which leads to a considerable protein loss the first few weeks of a period of abstinence. In posttraumatic or post-operative situations, this protein mobilisation is particularly strong, especially when connected with a high metabolic intake. The high nitrogen loss and/or the high metabolic rate, is illustrated on the basis of severe skull and brain traumas. The differences between absolute fasting and a 200kcal-protein formula diet were experimentally investigated. The nitrogen loss under the protein diet was decisively less. An anabolic phase even reappeared after three weeks of the diet. The 200kcal-diet therefore represents a means of pre-operative weight reduction without protein loss. The alterations in body composition are almost exclusively the results of reduction in excess fat. This is demonstrated by means of clinical examples.
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006801:Humans; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen
vernacular_title: Anderung der Köperzusammensetzung unter verschiedenen Reduktionskostformen