title: Metabolism of the (+)-, (+/-)-, and (-)-enantiomers of alpha-methylfluorene-2-acetic acid (cicloprofen) in rats.
abstract: 1. After oral or intraperitoneal administration of (+/-)-[14C]cicloprofen to rats, the peak plasma concentrations of radioactivity and the areas under the plasma concentration/time curves did not increase proportionally with dose; total urinary and faecal excretions of radioactivity did increase with dose, suggesting saturation of plasma protein binding of drug and faster elimination of unbound drug at higher doses. 2. [14C]Cicloprofen and its metabolites were eliminated mainly via biliary excretion. Ratios of faecal to urinary excretion ranged from 2 to 3 and depended on dose administered. 3. Rats with cannulated bile ducts excreted the drug almost exclusively in bile, whereas intact rats excreted up to 32% of the dose in urine in 6 days, suggesting that [14C]cicloprofen or its metabolites or both undergo extensive enterohepatic recirculation in the rats. 4. The major metabolites of [14C]cicloprofen excreted in urine or bile were the 7-hydroxy, 9-hydroxy-, 7,9-dihydroxy-, and 9-hydroxy-9-methoxy-derivatives and their glucuronide or sulphate conjugates. 5. The (+)-enantiomer of [14C]cicloprofen was hydroxylated and excreted by rats at a faster rate than its (-)-antipode; no qualitative stereoselective metabolism of the individual enantiomers of [14C]cicloprofen was observed.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005449:Fluorenes; D011422:Propionates