title: Urinary chromium as an indicator of the exposure of welders to chromium.
abstract: Five welders working with high alloy Cr-Ni steel and one working with mild steel were followed during one work week. The chromium concentration in air was measured concomitantly with urinary chromium determinations. The water-soluble chromium concentrations in air exceeded 0.05 mg/m3 during welding with coated electrodes, but metal inert-gas (MIG) welding produced much lower concentrations. The proportion of water-soluble hexavalent chromium in the air was usually more than 50% of the total chromium concentration during welding with coated electrodes, whereas less than 10% of the chromium produced during MIG welding was in a water-soluble. Since water-soluble chromium (hexavalent) is the more important biologically, the determination of both water-soluble and water-insoluble chromium concentrations is emphasized instead of the measurement of the total concentration. The urinary chromium concentration proved to be a good indicator of short-term exposure to water-soluble chromium when exposure was above the current threshold limit value of 0.05 mg/m3, concentrations of more than 30 microgram/g of creatinine representing an exposure level higher than the threshold limit value.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009787:Occupational Medicine; D014896:Welding
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D002857:Chromium