title: Olfactory sarcoidosis. Report of five cases and review of the literature.
abstract: Changes in the olfactory system in five patients with sarcoidosis were studied by clinical and histopathological examination. Every patient studied had hypogeusia and/or hyposmia as measured by psychophysical testing. In two patients who died with this disease, the olfactory bulbs and tracts were involved by granulomatous infiltration. Two other patients showed granulomas and chronic inflammation in nasal biopsy specimens. The fifth patient was studied only clinically. Changes in olfactory and gustatory acuity are rarely searched for in patients with sarcoidosis, but they may be important indicators of major and later irreversible damage to the CNS. If diminished olfaction is established in suspect patients, nasal biopsy and examination of the CNS should be performed to confirm the presence of active sarcoidosis. Appropriate therapy may prevent damage to the patient's sensory capabilities and CNS function.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001344:Autopsy; D001706:Biopsy; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009812:Odorants; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000473:pathology; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000473:pathology; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012903:Smell; D013651:Taste Disorders / Q000209:etiology