title: Isolation from birds of influenza viruses with human neuraminidase.
abstract: Attempts at virus isolation from cloacal swabs resulted in the recovery of 10 strains of hemagglutinating viruses from a total of 349 ducks, mainly shelducks (Tadorna tadorna) captured in the north of France. Four of these isolates were identified as influenza strains corresponding to the following antigenic composition: Hav6-N2, Hav6-Nav4 and Hav1-N2 (2 strains). Shelduck is known to be a partially migratory species, wintering in western Europe, some of them migrating northward to Scandinavia during the summer. The captures were made between November 1976 and February 1977: one of the birds was caught four times and was found to be negative for virus in November, positive in December (isolation of a strain Hav6-Nav4), negative again in January and February. Blood taken in February did not show the presence of HI antibodies to the homologous virus.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D002988:Cloaca / Q000382:microbiology; D004372:Ducks / Q000382:microbiology*; D005602:France; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000276:immunology*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D009439:Neuraminidase