title: Chorioretinitis in the adolescent: two case presentations with discussion.
abstract: Two cases of chorioretinitis in adolescence demonstrate the characteristic course of events. It is typically caused by Toxoplasma gondii and is usually acquired congenitally. Toxocara infection must be considered in younger children. Other etiologic agents are rarely implicated in children and youth. Diagnosis of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis is based on a characteristic history of visual disturbance and specific funduscopic appearance, along with confirmatory serological studies. Management is complex, utilizing pyrimethamine (Daraprim), sulfadiazine, and prednisone in combination for several weeks or months. The combined long-term care by the physician generalist and ophthalmologist is essential. Recognition of adolescent developmental issues is important to insure optimal compliance. The prognosis is guarded, with 5% to 30% recurrence rates noted after treatment. Severe visual impairment may be seen.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014122:Toxoplasma; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D013411:Sulfadiazine; D005492:Folic Acid; D011241:Prednisone; D011739:Pyrimethamine