title: Emigration and remigration of Okinawans settled in the lowlands of eastern Bolivia in relation to background characteristics of their place of origin.
abstract: Post-war Okinawans emigrated to the lowlands of Bolivia in an attempt of pioneer agricultural colonization were studied with regard to behavioral patterns of the adjustment process in terms of permanency in the newly created colony. The uniqueness of the post-war emigration to Bolivia by Okinawans is discussed in comparison with pre-war emigration and the inter-regional migratory flow. The permanency of Okinawan emigrants in Bolivia is analyzed in relation to background characteristics of their regional origin in Okinawa using Spearman's rank correlations between each pair of selected variables; the number of emigrants by municipality in Okinawa Prefecture, rate of persons who settled in the colony, rate of population engaged in the primary sector of economy in 1965 in Okinawa Prefecture, and rate of area for U.S. military use. The permanency of the migrants in colonization is related to the background characteristics in the place of their origin before emigration. The likelihood of emigrants settling in the colony is thus greater for those from less urbanized municipalities, the size of migrants from one municipality of the rural area signifying the permanency in the pioneer colonization project.
mesh_terms: D001838:Bolivia; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population