Epicardial atrial pacing.
A modification of the technique for placing a permanent epicardial electrode to the atrium is described. It results in long-term atrial pacing and low sensing thresholds. The method requires meticulous surgical technique but is reliable, safe, and free from serious or long-term complications.
D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial