Macroscopical observations on a human anencephalous fetus with multiple malformations (author's transl).
The present report treats a female stillborn human anencephalous fetus with the craniorrhachischisis, cleft palate, left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia, hypoplasia of lungs, imperforate vagina and anus, absent left kidney and sternal muscle on the left side. In view of the rarity of the records of autopsied cases of anencephaly, authors made efforts to obtain informations on how all the organs in this fetus and their topographical relation in each other are affected by the anencephaly. The findings are summarized as follows. 1) This case falls under Anencephalus craniorrhachischisis in NANAGAS (1925)'S classification. 2) The greater part of thoracic and lumbar vertebral column except T10, 11, 12 and L1 segments shows several segmental malformations. The lumbar vertebral column is twisted towards right and the left posterior abdominal wall is nearly absent. Due to these changes, only two ribs are present on the left side. 3) In this case, there is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia through persistent left sided pleuroperitoneal canal. The abdominal viscera protruded into the pleural cavity are the caecum, vermiform appendix, colon, spleen and pancreas. 4) On both sides, the ventral rami of the thoracic, lumbar and sacral nerves are normal in number. Their spinal ganglia situated on these nerve roots are, however, fused to form eight ganglionic masses. 5) The five short left thoracic ventral rami arise from a ganglion lying on the posterior thoracic wall. This ganglion gives off the two branches communicating with the right 7th, 8th and 11th thoracic nerves. On the other hand, the right lumbar plexus receives the left 1st, 2nd and 3rd lumbar nerves. In the left pelvic part, there is another ganglion which gives off the two large branches to the right 1st and 2nd sacral nerves. 6) From the findings mentioned above, it is advisable to examine not only the ectodermal structures but also mesodermal ones to promote the studies on a factor in the genesis of anencephaly.
D000005:Abdomen / Q000473:pathology; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000473:pathology*; D000757:Anencephaly / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000150:complications; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D013909:Thorax / Q000473:pathology