title: Illicit opiat use during methadone maintenance.
abstract: The core hypothesis deduced from the Dole-Nyswander blockade formulation is that methadone is a sufficient but not necessary condition for abstinence from heroin. It is argued that this hypothesis has not been tested with scientifically adequate research. A research design is suggested. Since the Dole-Nyswander focus is at the physiological and metabolic level, it is argued that the blockade theory, pending, its scientific validation, should be supplemented by sociological, organizational, and economic theory.
mesh_terms: D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008691:Methadone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D008691:Methadone