title: Trauma to the esophagus.
abstract: We have classified esophageal trauma into three major categories: (1) Iatrogenic trauma including endoscopic perforation, trauma due to dilatation, surgical trauma, tube trauma, radiation trauma, and drug trauma; (2) Self-induced trauma including foreign bodies, corrosive or drug ingestion, and postemetic trauma; (3) Direct trauma including penetrating trauma and blunt trauma. Discussion and illustrative cases are presented.
mesh_terms: D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D002424:Caustics / Q000009:adverse effects; D004106:Dilatation; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004947:Esophagus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005547:Foreign Bodies; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011832:Radiation Injuries; D011859:Radiography; D014839:Vomiting / Q000150:complications; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating
chemical_list: D002424:Caustics