title: Long-term survival with thorotrast cervical granuloma.
abstract: Thorium dioxide, a radioactive contrast material, was commonly used for cerebral angiography prior to recognition of its radiation hazard. Extravasation of the material into the extravascular tissue in the neck results in granuloma formation, thorotrastoma, long-term morbidity, and an increased incidence of benign and malignant tumors. We report our experience with the management of 2 patients who underwent cerebral angiography with thorotrast more than 25 years ago. Aggressive surgical excision of involved tissue is warranted to ameliorate symptoms and diminish the risk of malignancy.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013911:Thorium Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013911:Thorium Dioxide