title: Use of the iced cystogram to differentiate bladder neck and external sphincter obstruction.
abstract: An iced cystogram was done on 31 patients with neurogenic bladder and voiding dysfunction. We observed 5 distinguishable patterns upon which therapeutic measures to improve balance could be based. We found the iced cystogram to be a simple, inexpensive yet reliable technique to assess detrusor sphincter imbalance. With the information obtained from this study the therapeutic options were delineated more clearly and the results of the treatment were made more predictable.
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D007053:Ice; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D011859:Radiography; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007053:Ice; D014867:Water