title: The criss-cross and superoinferior ventricular heart: an angiocardiographic study.
abstract: The angiocardiographic features of 11 patients with superoinferior and criss-cross type of atrioventricular (A-V) connections are presented. These unusual ventricular relations are thought to result from postseptation disturbances of ventricular looping. The angiocardiographic appearance of criss-cross is really an illusion, and the A-V connections among these patients are either concordant, discordant or straddling. The often small right A-V valve inflow and sinus portion of the ventricle, combind with the ventricular rotational anomaly, combine to give the angiocardiographic perception of criss-cross. A review of the 11 patients from this institution and those previously reported on suggests that most patients have a transposition of malposition of the great arteries; many have a small right ventricle, and about half have pulmonary outflow tract obstruction. In addition to the obvious embryologic, morphologic and clinical implications of these distorted ventricular loops, the criss-cross A-V hearts raise questions about the various segmental nomenclatures applied to these types of congenital heart disease.
mesh_terms: D000790:Angiocardiography; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology