title: Frustration odor of rats receiving small numbers of prior rewarded running trials.
abstract: Three related experiments were performed to examine trial-to-trial differences in production of frustration odor during runway extinction by rats that had received 0, 2, 4, or 6 prior rewards. Differences in odor production were indexed by the subsequent speed of escape from the runway goal box by conspecifics. The results indicated that (a) subjects will perform a hurdle-jump response to escape from frustration odor; (b) escape performance even after several prior escape trials accurately reflects trial-to-trial changes in production of frustration odor; and (c) production of frustration odor requires only 4 prior rewards. Implications of the present data for frustration analyses of the limited-trial partial reinforcement effect and future investigations of frustration odor are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D005108:Extinction, Psychological; D005639:Frustration; D008297:Male; D010675:Pheromones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012201:Reward; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones