title: Cardiovascular trauma from angiographic jets--validation of a theoretic concept in dogs.
abstract: The relationship of angiographic injections to cardiovascular trauma was determined. The aorta of dogs was studied by a mathematic model that (a) defines the kinetic energy of contrast-media jets emanating from the exit holes of catheters and (b) enables precise correlation of energy levels to potential trauma. A universal curve independent of the Reynolds number of the jet readily determines how far the jet penetrates intravascular blood. A traumatic histopathologic spectrum was found for those injections predicted by the model to be traumatic. The curve enables the angiographer to calculate the safe operating range of any catheter.
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D001027:Aortography; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002404:Catheterization; D002932:Cineangiography; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs; D011312:Pressure; D012212:Rheology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media