title: Effects on muscarinic receptors of various agents in reversal of neuro-muscular blockade: a study evaluating atropine, glycopyrron, neostigmine and pyridostigmine.
abstract: The effects were studied of various drug combinations, recommended for use in reversal of neuromuscular blockade, on heart rate and salivary secretions in 80 healthy patients anaesthetized with nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane and relaxed with d-tubocurarine. The drug combinations were mixtures of atropine 1 mg--neostigmine 2.5 mg, atropine 1 mg--pyridostigmine 15 mg, glycopyrron 0.5 mg--neostigmine 2.5 mg, and glycopyrron 0.5 mg--pyridostigmine 15 mg, respectively. It was found that administration of the atropine-containing mixtures induced more pronounced initial increases and delayed decreases in heart rate than the mixtures containing glycopyrron. Pyridostigmine-containing mixtures elicited a somewhat more pronounced initial increase in heart rate than neostigmine-containing mixtures, but a less pronounced and delayed decrease in heart rate. Supraventricular arrhythmias occurred less frequently in the pyridostigmine groups than in the neostigmine groups. No such difference was found between the atropine and glycopyrron groups. Glycopyrron caused a more intense dryness of the mouth than atropine. A differential attitude towards the use of drugs for reversal of neuromuscular blockade, based on the cardiovascular state of the particular patient, might be recommendable.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects*; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects*; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011759:Pyrrolidines; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D009388:Neostigmine; D001285:Atropine; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide; D006024:Glycopyrrolate