title: Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of whole and ether-Tween-split influenza A virus vaccines in volunteers.
abstract: Two separate, double-blind studies were carried out in volunteers to compare the reactogenicity of, and serum antibody responses to, whole or ether-Tween-split inactivated influenza virus vaccines. In both studies the ether-Tween-split vaccines induced a lower rate of reactions. The serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody response of volunteers to the A/Scotland/74 component of the split vaccine used in the first study was significantly greater than that following inoculation of A/Scotland/74 whole-virus vaccine. The neuraminidase-inhibiting (NI) antibody responses of the volunteers to each vaccine were similar. In the second study, a markedly better NI antibody response to the influenza A virus component was seen following immunization with split-virus vaccine, but the HAI antibody response to both split and whole vaccines was the same. In both studies the serum HAI antibody responses to the B/Hong Kong/73 component of the vaccines were similar. Challenge of the volunteers with attenuated influenza viruses homologous to the influenza A component of the vaccines showed both types of vaccines to be protective.
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000276:immunology; D010919:Placebos; D011136:Polysorbates
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010919:Placebos; D011136:Polysorbates; D009439:Neuraminidase