title: Glutamate metabolism in relation to glutamate transport in kidney cortex mitochondria of rabbit.
abstract: 1. The metabolism of glutamate was followed by measurements of phosphoenolpyruvate production, aspartate synthesis and ammonia release, whereas the transport of glutamate across the inner membrane of kidney cortex mitochondria was studied using an oxygen electrode and the swelling technique. 2. When added separately, avenaciolide and aminooxyacetate only partially inhibited both State 3 and uncoupled respiration of the mitochondria, as studied in the presence of glutamate as substrate. In contrast, the addition of both inhibitors to the reaction medium resulted in an almost complete inhibition of glutamate oxidation. 3. Swelling of kidney mitochondria in an isosmotic solution of ammonium glutamate was accelerated by uncoupler and inhibited by avenaciolide, while the swelling of mitochondria in potassium glutamate was stimulated by valinomycin and inhibited by uncoupler. 4. When glutamate was used as the sole substrate, inhibition of aspartate formation by aminooxyacetate resulted in a stimulation of both ammonia release and phosphoenolpyruvate production. In contrast, with glutamate plus malate as substrate an elevation of the rate of glutamate deamination on the addition of aminooxyacetate was accompanied by an inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate synthesis in both State 3 and uncoupled conditions. 5. In the presence of valinomycin to induce K+-permeability a marked enhancement of glutamate deamination was accompanied by a significant inhibition of glutamate transamination. 6. Based on the presented results it was concluded that in rabbit renal mitochondria utilizing glutamate as substrate the rate of ammonia production, phosphoenolpyruvate formation and aspartate synthesis vary in response to different metabolic conditions, in which both the glutamate--H+ symport and the glutamate--aspartate exchange systems are functioning to different extents.
mesh_terms: D000625:Aminooxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008933:Mitochondrial Swelling; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D007783:Lactones; D000625:Aminooxyacetic Acid; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate; D000641:Ammonia; D011188:Potassium