title: The clinical refractometer: a useful tool for the determination of specific gravity and osmolality in canine urine.
abstract: For the determination of specific gravity of canine urine the urinometer is often used. An alternative method is based on refractometry. Both methods were compared and a table for converting refractometer values to urinometer values is given. The refractometer was also compared with an osmometer. A linear relation was found between the readings of both instruments. The results clearly indicate that the refractometric method is very suitable for the small animal practitioner. The instrument appears to be a good alternative for both the urinometer and the osmometer.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D013046:Specific Gravity; D014556:Urine / Q000032:analysis*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation