title: The effects of continuous direct current on the growth of the antler.
abstract: The long-term application of low levels of cathodal direct current to the growing deer antler produced abnormal branching patterns and antlers which grew in atypical directions. The experimental antlers were significantly reduced in length when compared to control antlers.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000999:Antlers / Q000254:growth & development*; D003670:Deer; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006733:Horns / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male