title: Hepatic osteodystrophy.
abstract: Hepatic osteodystrophy consists of three types: osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and periosteal reaction with new bone formation. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is very rare, if it occurs at all. The cause of osteomalacia appears to be vitamin D deficiency due to a lack of vitamin D substrate. In the presence of adequate substrates, 25-OHD and dihydroxy vitamin D metabolites are formed. The vitamin D deficiency results in osteomalacia and malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus. The osteomalacia can be treated successfully with vitamin D supplements. In some patients calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium supplements may be required. The aetiology and treatment of the osteoporosis and the periosteal reactions remain obscure.
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006519:Hepatitis, Alcoholic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010018:Osteomalacia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium