title: Membrane surface potential and the reactivity of the system II primary electron acceptor to charged electron carriers in the medium.
abstract: A hypothesis is proposed to explain the changes in the apparent rate constant for the reaction between the primary electron acceptor of System II situated in the thylakoid membrane and the artificial electron acceptors added in the medium. Dark oxidation rate of the primary acceptor by artificial electron acceptors was monitored by measuring the induction of chlorophyll fluorescence in the presence of an electron transport inhibitor, 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, in spinach chloroplasts. The apparent rate constant for the oxidation changed widely when the medium pH or salt concentrations were varied, or ionic detergents were added. The change was quantitatively ascribed (1) to the change in the local concentration of electron acceptors at the thylakoid surface due to the electrical potential difference between the surface and the bulk aqueous phase (Gouy-Chapman diffuse double layer theory) and (2) to the situation whereby the apparent rate constant is determined with respect to concentration in the bulk phase. Values for the surface potential in the vicinity of System II were estimated from the change in the apparent rate constant under various conditions. The results closely agreed with those obtained previously from the rate constant of the dark step of the System II-dependent Hill reaction with ferricyanide (Itoh, S. (1978) Plant Cell Physiol. 19, 149--166). Application of the hypothesis to various reactions between the added ionic reagents and the endogenous components in the membrane or between the endogenous components situated in different parts of the membrane is discussed.
mesh_terms: D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003624:Darkness; D004237:Diuron / Q000494:pharmacology; D004579:Electron Transport; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010944:Plants; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D004237:Diuron