title: The pathophysiology of sodium balance.
abstract: Whether deficit or surfeit, sodium imbalance responds best to management based on an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that have gone awry. A review of the kidney's role in normal sodium homeostasis lays the groundwork for rational therapeutic approaches to correcting the pathophysiology of the major depletion and retention states. Clinical implications and management principles of various disease entities are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone; D012964:Sodium