title: Topical cocaine/adrenaline combination in intransal surgery--is it necessary?
abstract: Topic adrenaline with cocaine has been used commonly for intranasal vasoconstriction to facilitate surgery and to control haemorrhage. Pharmacologically the drug combination is known to be a potentially dangerous interaction. This investigation studied whether either drug could be used separately rather than in combination, to achieve the same purposes. One hundred cases were randomized into four groups using 1:1000 Adrenaline, 5% Cocaine, 10% Cocaine and 5% Cocaine/1:1000 Adrenaline as the topical vasoconstriction regimes. The results showed that the vasoconstrictor effect was not significantly different within the four groups; topical 1:1000 Adrenaline resulted in more haemorrhage compared to the other three regimes; comparing the other three regimes the blood loss was not significantly different. The conclusion is that the Adrenaline/Cocaine mixture has no advantage and its potentially dangerous interaction makes it unnecessary and unjustified. Topical 5% Cocaine is recommended because it achieves the aims with the least side-effects.
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D003042:Cocaine; D004837:Epinephrine