title: Detection and exclusion of interatrial shunts by two-dimensional echocardiography and peripheral venous injection.
abstract: Two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) was used with peripherally injected contrast material to detect interatrial shunts in 33 patients. Group 1 consisted of 11 patients having classic clinical findings of atrial septal defect. Group 2 consisted of 12 patients with problems requiring that atrial shunting be excluded. Group 3 (control group) consisted of 10 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for chest pain. Confirmation of the 2-D echo findings was provided by cardiac catheterization in 32 patients and postmortem examination in one. Right-to-left atrial shunts were detected in all 11 patients in group 1, although seven had no right-to-left shunt calculable by oximetry. Four patients in Group 2 had right-to-left atrial shunts. None of the patients in Group 3 had atrial shunts. In the 15 patients with atrial shunts, the degree of right-to-left shunting could be qualitatively assessed as small, moderate, or large. There were no false-negative or false-positive results by contrast 2-D echo.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004437:Ebstein Anomaly / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride