Measurement of the change of electrical potentials and currents across biomembranes in the range of nanoseconds to seconds.
D001419:Bacteria; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002856:Chromatophores / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007700:Kinetics; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D010944:Plants; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors