title: [Respiratory and swallowing difficulties after oesophageal atresia (author's transl)].
abstract: The main reason for these problems is a tracheo-oesophageal fistula, either recurrence of the T.O. fistula, either persistance of a fistula which has been neglected during surgery. It has been observed in 7 infants from 19 operated atresias with such problems. These functionnal troubles may be produced by different other anomalies: oesophageal stenosis and or dyskinesia often observed, gastro-oesophageal reflux, associated anomalies of the larynx or trachea; laryngeal paralysis, tracheomalacia, tracheal epithelium metaplasia, tracheal compression by abnormal vessel, neurological dysmaturity, loss of swallowing reflex after a long postoperative course. Radiography and endoscopy are fundamental and complementary investigations. Endoscopy, under general anesthesia, must be minute (with optics), explore oesophageal and laryngo-tracheo-bronchic tract, and use several tests to demonstrate permeability of the fistula when it has been located. A special technique is presented. Several points must be outlined: 1--classical symptoms of persistant fistula are not reliable in authors' experience; any recurrent respiratory and swallowing problem requires investigations; 2--endoscopy and radiographic study have to be repeated sometimes to prove fistula; 3--responsability of some anomalies must be always discussed, because of their possible association with a fistula; several fistulas may also exist.
mesh_terms: D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000601:surgery*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000209:etiology
vernacular_title: Troubles respiratoires et de déglutition après cure chirurgicale de l'atrésie de l'oesophage.