title: Frequency distribution and discrimination probability of twelve protein genetic variants in human blood as functions of race, sex, and age.
abstract: Fresh blood samples were obtained from 6004 whites, 1025 blacks, 1596 Chicano/Amerindians, and 3053 Asians of California and Hawaii. The samples were typed for ABO and Rh groups and were analyzed electrophoretically for ten genetically determined protein variant systems. The effects of race, age, and sex on phenotypic frequencies within each of the twelve genetic systems were investigated. Large frequency differences were found between races but not between different age and sex subgroups within races. It was also demonstrated that the twelve genetic systems behaved statistically independently. Discrimination probabilities were computed for each of the four ethnic groups. These serve as a measure of the effectiveness of the twelve genetic systems examined in individualizing blood samples. The method is discussed for computing the probability that a randomly chosen individual of a given ethnic group possesses the same blood phenotypes as found in a predetermined sample of blood. The results presented here should prove useful in the investigation of civil and criminal cases involving blood samples.
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D044383:Black People; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004798:Enzymes