title: Congenital malformations of the optic-nerve head.
abstract: Normal anatomical variations of the eye are a constant source of interest to the clinician. This is particularly true for the optic-nerve head, where neural, vascular, and supportive tissue converge, each with its own variations. Such diverse anomalies as cleft palate, reduced visual acuity, visual-field loss, and distortions of the optic-nerve head may all be related to a single factor affecting embryonic or later development. This paper presents a number of nerve-head malformations in the context of their embryonic development, clinical appearance, and implications for visual function.
mesh_terms: D002829:Choroid / Q000196:embryology; D005123:Eye / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000196:embryology; D010375:Pedigree; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000196:embryology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012857:Situs Inversus / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications; D014792:Visual Acuity