title: Paul Zweifel, pioneer fetal physiologist. A centennary tribute.
abstract: The demonstration by Paul Zweifel a hundred years ago (1876) that the fetus in utero consumes oxygen marks the beginning of the modern era of research on foetal physiology. The circumstances which led to the demonstration are reviewed, and its importance acknowledged anew as a tribute to Zweifel's many contributions to obstetrics and gynecology.
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D006176:Gynecology / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000266:history; D011247:Pregnancy; D013557:Switzerland