title: Endotracheal intubation and Venturi (jet) ventilation for laser microsurgery of the larynx.
abstract: Meeting the exacting requirements for microsurgery of the larynx is a challenge for the anesthesiologist. To accomplish, the necessary dissection, the otolaryngologist has several requirements. They are a quiet relaxed field, excellent illumination with magnification, binocular vision for depth perception, and, above all, an unobstructed field. The management of anesthesia for suspension microsurgery on the larynx presents many problems, the most vexing of which is the fact that the otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist are in competition for access to the patient's airway. In sharing this, neither has been able to perform with the degree of control that he would like due to either inadequate operating conditions or insufficient access to ventilatory mechanisms. Several anesthetic techniques have been used for inspection or operative laryngoscopy: topical anesthesia, apneic techniques, translaryngeal topical anesthesia, chest respirator, neuroleptanalgesia, and general endotracheal anesthesia with muscle relaxants. The latter has proven most popular, particularly in children, because ventilation and surgical conditions are considered to be most controllable. However, the presence of the requisite endotracheal tube obscures the full view of the larynx and vocal cords, and the tube may itself become obstructed. Additionally, use of the laser involves the further risk of heat effects on the endotracheal tube if the beam hits the tube. This report presents our experience and development of the combined technique of endotracheal intubation and Venturi (jet) ventilation. We believe it represents the safest available approach while providing near ideal working conditions for the otolaryngologist during laser microsurgery of the larynx.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003681:Dehydration / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000209:etiology; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D014827:Vocal Cords