title: Human figure drawings of gender-problem and school-problem boys.
abstract: In this study 19 boys aged 4 through 13 years referred for gender problems were compared with 35 similar-aged boys referred for school problems on variables derived from sets of human figure drawings. The results indicated that gender-problem boys, relative to school-problem boys, were more likely to draw female figures in response to a Draw-a-Person (DAP) instruction, were more likely to draw figures with good rather than average body proportion, tended to draw more articles of clothing on their figures, and tended to draw their female figures larger than their male figures. There were no differences between the groups in the frequency of emotional disturbance indicators, frequency of age-expected or age-exceptional figure details, and total number of body features. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the validation of the DAP procedure, their contribution to an understanding of boyhood effeminacy, and their implications for the role of the DAP test as a clinical assessment procedure only in conjunction with other sources of information.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001828:Body Image; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003020:Clothing; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007062:Identification, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011386:Projective Techniques; D012737:Sex Factors; D012858:Size Perception