title: Circumcaval ureter: a report of four cases in children with a review of the literature and a new classification.
abstract: 4 cases of circumcaval ureter presenting in childhood are reported. A review of the literature reveals that most cases recieve attention only later in life at a time when ureteric changes are not so readily reversible. A study of the course of the ureter reveals that 2 forms can be distinguished: a common Type I with a slter reveals that 2 forms can be distinguished: a common Type I with a low loop and kinking of the proximal ureter producing obstruction and a rare Type II with a high loop where there is no kinking and no obstruction. Ureteric remodelling on the ordinary principles formulated for congenital obstructions can give good results.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014567:Urography; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities*