title: The chemistry of fluorescent whitening agents. Major structural types.
abstract: This gives a summary of those fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) that have industrial importance. Firstly, a survey of the general physical and applicational properties is given, and then the chemistry of FWAs is dealt with. The FWAs are classified in six major structural classes: (A) stilbenes (B) coumarin and carbostyril compounds, (C) 1,3-DIPHENYL-2-PYRAZOLINES, (D) naphthalimides, (E) benzoxazolyl substitution products of conjugated systems, and (F) combined products of other heteroaromatics with ethylene or aromatic systems, owing to their methods of preparation and to their optical characteristics.
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003374:Coumarins; D003460:Crystallization; D005030:Ethylenes; D005453:Fluorescence; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D007094:Imides; D007536:Isomerism; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013267:Stilbenes; D013343:Styrenes
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003374:Coumarins; D005030:Ethylenes; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D007094:Imides; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013267:Stilbenes; D013343:Styrenes