Induction of point mutations by different chemical mechanisms in the liver microsomal assay.
A selection of chemical agents with different mechanisms of chemical mutability was tested with the liver microsomal assay by using different bacterial tester strains, namely: Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1536, TA 1537, TA 1538 and G46. The tested agents had been selected according to the following criteria. They are all well-known mutagens and can be divided into alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, acridines and those that form radicals in the cell. The mutagens were: dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), cyclophosphamide, Captan, amethopterine, azathioprine, 6-mecaptopurine, trypaflavine, isoniazide and hydrazine. All except amethopterine gave positive results, showing that this system is very sensitive. In a comparison of the different strains and mutagens we found a correlation between the diameter of the molecule and the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane.
D000818:Animals; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001711:Biotransformation; D002215:Captan / Q000494:pharmacology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005815:Genetic Code; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000494:pharmacology; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D009153:Mutagens; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects*
D006834:Hydrazines; D009153:Mutagens; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D002215:Captan; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine; D001379:Azathioprine; D007538:Isoniazid; D008727:Methotrexate