title: Effects of contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices on urinary bladder.
abstract: The incidence of bacteriuria and cystoscopic changes in women on oral contraceptives or users of IUD (intrauterine devices) were evaluated compared with a control group. Subjects with bacteriuria accounted for 40.5 per cent of pill users, 20 per cent of women fitted with IUD, and 16 per cent of the control group. Bladder trabeculations were found in 50.5 per cent of the pill group, 8.7 per cent of the IUD group, and 8 per cent of the controls. Congested bladder trigone was observed in 24.6 per cent of women fitted with an IUD. The mode of action of ovarian hormones and their possible side effects on the bladder are discussed. The relation of IUD to pelvic inflammatory disease and its effect on the urinary bladder are evaluated.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000209:etiology*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000209:etiology; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008234:Lynestrenol / Q000009:adverse effects; D008656:Mestranol / Q000009:adverse effects; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000009:adverse effects; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000009:adverse effects; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D008656:Mestranol; D008234:Lynestrenol; D009640:Norethindrone