title: The antibody response of cattle to Clostridium botulinum types C and D toxoids.
abstract: The resistance of cattle with varying serum-antitoxin titres was determined by per os challenge. The results proved that a solid immunity can be produced against C. botulinum toxins C1 and D. The immune response of cattle to various quantities of C. botulinum C1 and D toxoids, aluminium-phosphate-adsorbed and in water-in-oil emulsion was investigated. The response to antigen in water-in-oil emulsion was far superior to the other when they were used for primary and secondary stimuli. When cattle had been given a solid basic immunity with 2 injections of antigen in water-in-oil emulsion, essentially the same booster effect was obtained with antigen in water-in-oil emulsion and in aqueous solution. Only some of the animals injected intramuscularly with antigens in water-in-oil emulsion developed local lesions. These lesions were not large and their histological picture indicated a noticeable decline in severity within 20 weeks. A case is thus made out for the use of C. botulinum C1 and D toxoids in water-in-oil emulsion for the primary and secondary stimuli and an aqueous solution of these antigens for any booster stimulus as an improved method of protecting cattle against botulism.
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001904:Botulinum Antitoxin / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003014:Clostridium botulinum / Q000276:immunology*; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D009220:Myositis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014121:Toxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001904:Botulinum Antitoxin; D014121:Toxoids