title: Cardiovascular effects of extradural analgesia in labour: comparison of bupivacaine with lignocaine.
abstract: Two groups of patients who requested extradural analgesia were studied in a within-patient controlled trial and received either 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline 5 mug/ml or 0.5% bupivacaine plain as the analgesic agent (first group) or 0.5% bupivacaine or 2% lignocaine both with adrenaline 5 mug/ml (second group). Arterial pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), maternal and foetal heart rate and uterine contractions  were monitored continuously. There was no significant difference in any of the cardiovascular measurements when solutions of 0.5% bupivacaine (with or without adrenaline 5 mug/ml) were used. The second group had a statistically significant increase in CVP during the study period in which 2% lignocaine was used. The position of the patient did not affect the cardiovascular measurements in either group. Since the addition of adrenaline 5 mug/ml to bupivacaine solutions did not confer any apparent advantages, it is concluded that plain solutions of 0.5% bupivacaine should be used except in the longest labours.
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine