title: Long-term tolerance of healthy human subjects to high amounts of xylitol and fructose: general and biochemical findings.
abstract: Three groups of volunteers, totalling 125, lived for two years on strict diets so that comparisons might be made with regard to the sweeteners: fructose (F), sucrose (S), and xylitol (X). The sizes of the test groups were: S, 35; F, 38; X, 52. The average monthly amounts of the sugars consumed in a varied assortment of foods were: S, 2.2 kg; F, 2.1 kg; X, 1.5 kg. The highest daily doses of fructose and xylitol were 200 - 400 g (maximum 430 g xylitol). Serum samples were analyzed for several chemical parameters. The dietary regimens did not result in clinically significant changes between the sugar groups. The ability of X to produce osmotic diarrhoea and flatulence was found to depend on the individual physiological responses of each volunteer. In many cases no symptoms were found although high amounts (200 - 400 g) of X were consumed. All pregnancies and deliveries in the F and X groups were normal. Practically all the volunteers accepted the F and X foods (almost 100 varities) and adhered to the dietary regimen for two years. This was due in the main to the fact that most F and X products were comparable to those containing sucrose.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005414:Flatulence / Q000139:chemically induced; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000378:metabolism; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D014993:Xylitol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000681:Amylases; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D001663:Bilirubin; D014993:Xylitol