title: Regulation of purine utilization in bacteria. VII. Involvement of membrane-associated nucleoside phosphorylase in the uptake and the base-mediated loss of the ribose moiety of nucleosides by Salmonella typhimurium membrane vesicles.
abstract: Although uridine and adenosine are converted by membrane-associated nucleoside phosphorylases to ribose-1-phosphate (ribose-1-P) and the corresponding bases (uracil and adenine), only ribose -1-P is accumulated within Salmonella typhimurium LT2 membrane vesicles. In accordance with these observations, no uptake is observed when the vesicles are incubated with the bases or nucleosides labeled in their base moieties. The vesicles lack a transport system for ribos-1-P, since excess ribose-1-P does not inhibit the uptake of the ribose moiety of uridine. In addition, there is no exchange with preaccumulatedribose-1-P. Thus, uridine, rather than ribose-1-P, must serve as the initially transported substrate. The uptake of the ribose portion of uridine is coupled to electron transport, and the levels to which ribose-1-P are accumulated may be reduced by adding various bases to the reaction mixtures. The bases appear to inhibit the uridine phosphorylase reaction and/or cause an efflux of ribose-1-P from the vesicles. This loss of ribose-1-P reflects the accumulation of nucleosides in the external medium after being synthesized within the membranes. Synthesis of the nucleosides from intravesicular ribose-1-P and exogenous base proceeds even though the bases are not accumulated by the vesicles. Furthermore, ribose-1-P cannot significantly inhibit uridine phosphorylase activity unless the membranes are disrupted. These observations indicate that the membrane-associated nucleoside phosphorylases may have a transmembranal orientation with their base and ribose-1-P binding sites on opposite sides of the membranes. Such an asymmetric arrangement of these enzymes may facilitate the uptake of the ribosyl moiety of nucleosides by a group translocation mechanism. Thus, nucleosides may be cleaved during the membrane transport process, with the resultant bases delivered to the external environment while ribose-1-P is shunted to the intravesicular space.
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D007288:Inosine / Q000378:metabolism; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010428:Pentosephosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010430:Pentosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012267:Ribosemonophosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013386:Succinates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014498:Uracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D014529:Uridine / Q000378:metabolism; D014543:Uridine Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009705:Nucleosides; D010428:Pentosephosphates; D012267:Ribosemonophosphates; D013386:Succinates; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D014498:Uracil; D007288:Inosine; D010430:Pentosyltransferases; D014543:Uridine Phosphorylase; D000241:Adenosine; D014529:Uridine