Pharmacokinetics of a new skin wound cleanser.
Iodophors are effective germicidal agents that have prolonged antiseptic activity in contaminated wounds. A nontoxic surfactant, Pluronic F-68, has been used to formulate a safe and effective iodophor. The parameters necessary to regulate the activity of the iodophor were studied to develop a potent, yet safe bactericidal solution for use in human subjects. The parameters found to be most important were the pH of the solution and the concentration of sodium iodide. Lowering the pH of iodophors increased their stability and antiseptic activity. The free iodine in iodophor solutions prepared with a low pH is predominantly the highly biocidal diatomic iodine (I2). The concentration of iodide regulated the equilbrium of the dissolved iodine between its free and complexed form. Increasing the concentration of iodide in the iodophor lowered the amount of free iodine in solution and enhanced the concentration of the complexed iodide. It is the level of free iodine in an iodophor that determines its antiseptic activity. Low levels of free iodine yielded iodophors that had a slow bacterial kill rate but a prolonged duration of action. Manipulation of these variables permitted the generation of iodophors that varied considerably in their kill rates of bacteria and their duration of antibacterial activity. Iodophors tested in this study demonstrated a distinct superiority to noncomplexed iodine solutions (tincture and aqueous iodine solutions) as wound and skin cleansers.
D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007455:Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007466:Iodophors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007700:Kinetics; D011817:Rabbits; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000188:drug therapy
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003902:Detergents; D007466:Iodophors; D007455:Iodine