title: Effects of intracellular injection of calcium buffers on light adaptation in Limulus ventral photoreceptors.
abstract: The calcium sequestering agent, EGTA, was injected into Limulus ventral photoreceptors. Before injection, the inward membrane current induced by a long stimulus had a large initial transient which declined to a smaller plateau. Iontophoretic injection of  EGTA tended to prevent the decline from transient to plateau. Before injection the plateau response was a nonlinear function of light intensity. After EGTA injection the response-intensity curves tended to become linear. Before injection, bright lights lowered the sensitivity as determined with subsequent test flashes. EGTA injection decreased the light-induced changes in sensitivity. Ca-EGTA buffers having different levels of free calcium were pressure-injected into ventral photoreceptors; the higher the level of free calcium, the lower the sensitivity measured after injection. The effects of inotophoretic injection of EGTA were not mimicked by injection or similar amounts of sulfate and the effects of pressure injection of EGTA buffer solutions were not mimicked by injection of similar volumes of pH buffer or mannitol. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that light adaptation is mediated by a rise of the intracellular free calcium concentration.
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001097:Arachnida / Q000502:physiology*; D002021:Buffers; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D013431:Sulfates; D008353:Mannitol; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D002118:Calcium