The real bladder electromyogram.
The nature of bladder electrical activity was investigated in anaesthetised cats and 1 baboon. A time-locked muscle response to sacral ventral root stimulation was most clearly detected within a 10-40 Hz frequency band, the response preceding the rise in intravesical pressure. During reflex voiding only activity in the  10-40 Hz band was consistently related to reflex voiding and to the small contractions leading up to voiding. It is concluded that only a very limited part of the wide band electrical activity recorded from the bladder can be considered genuine electromyogram and that the 10-40 Hz frequency band probably excludes the worst of the artefact. Possible sources of artefact and their relation to changes in intravesical pressure are presented in Table I.
D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D000882:Haplorhini; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010215:Papio; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
D001285:Atropine