title: Methods of restoring the voice after laryngectomy.
abstract: The normal course of speech acquisition after laryngectomy is described, with emphasis on the initial stage. Factors that favor or thwart the training process are discussed and particular methods applied when functional or organic impediments deviate or block the development of esophageal speech. A few remarks are added on the rehabilitation after extended forms of surgery and on the use of the artificial larynxes.
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D004240:Diverticulum; D004935:Esophageal Diseases; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D010700:Phonetics; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011859:Radiography; D013060:Speech; D013071:Speech, Alaryngeal / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014834:Voice Training