title: Orthopedic complications of dwarfism.
abstract: Of 248 dwarfs with Achondroplasia, Pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia, Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Diastrophic dwarfism, Morquio syndrome, and Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia Congenita, 85 were managed by orthopedic methods. Experience with bracing is generally unsatisfactory. Surgical lengthening of the lower extremities is not recommended. A number of other surgical procedures are advisable in selected cases.
mesh_terms: D000130:Achondroplasia / Q000150:complications; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000473:pathology; D001132:Arm / Q000473:pathology; D001368:Axis, Cervical Vertebra / Q000473:pathology; D001915:Braces; D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip / Q000254:growth & development; D006617:Hip Dislocation / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007717:Knee / Q000473:pathology; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000209:etiology; D007866:Leg / Q000473:pathology; D008141:Lordosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009085:Mucopolysaccharidosis IV / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000209:etiology; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000209:etiology; D014953:Wrist / Q000473:pathology