title: Rotary replication for freeze-etching.
abstract: Rotary replication has been adapted to freeze-etching and evaluated using T4 polyheads, erythrocyte ghosts, and chloroplast membranes. Conventional electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and optical diffraction and filtering indicate that platinum-carbon rotary replication renders radially symmetrical contrast and 25 A resolution to freeze-etched specimens so as to clarify subunit structure not normally evident in unidirectional shadow replicas.
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003090:Coliphages / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005613:Freeze Etching / Q000379:methods*; D008566:Membranes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010984:Platinum
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum; D002244:Carbon