title: Fear-dependent variations in continuous avoidance behavior of pigs. II. Effects of diazepam on acquisition and performance of Pavlovian fear conditioning and plasma corticosteroid levels.
abstract: Previously acquired continuous avoidance performance of pigs in a shuttle-box was modified by a Pavlovian fear-conditioning procedure. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) given before the Pavlovian conditioning session prevented the increase in corticosteroids and the impairment of performance in the subsequent test session before the presentation of the fear signal. Diazepam given before the Pavlovian conditioning session and/or the test session did not prevent the increase of response to the CS presentation; however, the temporal pattern of increase differed according to the drug condition: the diazepam treatment on the day of the test significantly delayed the peak of responding to the CS; in pigs treated with diazepam on the day of Pavlovian conditioning and with saline on the day of test, the increase of response was diffuse instead of being localized to the CS presentation period. Pigs treated with diazepam both during learning and performance of fear conditioning showed some evidence of performance facilitation. Usual unitary interpretations cannot account for such results which would appear to be the net result of several intermingled effects among which state-dependent learning, acquisition deficit, and performance facilitation seem to be of importance.
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D003463:Cues; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D003975:Diazepam