title: Experimental models of complete heart block.
abstract: Methods of creating experimental complete heart block developed since 1883 are reviewed in detail. The three most commonly used techniques at present are: (I) Thoracotomy, atriotomy and ligation of the A-V bundle. (II) Thoracotomy and injection of a chemical into the A-V node or bundle. (III) Injection of a chemical through a transvenous catheter into the node or bundle. The results in different species, complications, and variations in procedure are discussed. The bibliography provides a comprehensive index of work performed in animals with experimental complete heart block. We produced complete heart block in sixteen pigs but subsequently eleven died during Stokes-Adams attacks. Pigs have not been used previously as models of heart block for experimental purposes and prophylactic pacing appears mandatory in this species.
mesh_terms: D000219:Adams-Stokes Syndrome / Q000401:mortality; D000818:Animals; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D002036:Bundle of His / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects; D000882:Haplorhini; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery; D006327:Heart Block / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde