title: Evidence for the presence of adrenergic receptors in 3-day-old chick embryo.
abstract: Effects of sympathomimetic amines without and with alpha and beta-adrenergic blocking agents on the heart rate and arterial and venous blood pressures in the 3-day-old chick embryo were studied. No chronotropic effect was observed. Norepinephrine caused a biphasic change in systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, the lower doses effecting a fall, and the higher doses a rise in these pressures. With phenylephrine a sharp rise in systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures was seen. Isoproterenol caused a dramatic fall in systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures. In the presence of phenoxybenzamine, the pressor effect of high doses of norepinephrine was reversed, the pressor effect of phenylephrine was abolished, and the hypotension with isoproterenol was enhanced. After propranolol, the hypotensive effect of low doses of norepinephrine was reversed, the pressor response to phenylephrine was unchanged, and the depressor effect of isoproterenol was abolished. These findings suggest the presence of functioning alpha- and beta-receptors in the 3-day-old chick embryo. Additionally, they suggest that the alpha-receptors develop more slowly in the chick embryo.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic
chemical_list: D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; D010656:Phenylephrine; D011433:Propranolol; D007545:Isoproterenol; D009638:Norepinephrine