title: Biosynthesis of mitochondrial DNA. Is 8 S DNA an artifact?
abstract: Sucrose density gradient fractionation of isolated rat liver mitochondrial DNA ordinarily yields two peaks, one at 39 S, the other at 27 S. However, when these mitochondria are first incubated with a labeled DNA precursor, a labeled peak at about 8 S is also observed. Is this low molecular weight 8 S DNA merely an artifact of contamination or breakdown, or is it a functioning part of the mitochondrial genome? That it is not a nuclear contaminant is shown by: (a) the absence of nuclei or nuclear fragments in active mitochondrial preparations; (b) the insensitivity of 8 S DNA synthesis to treatment of mitochondria with DNase and RNase; (c) the ability of inner membrane preparations to synthesize this DNA; (d) the ability of atractyloside to inhibit incorporation of [3H]dATP into 8 S and 39 S or 27 S DNA equally; (e) the labeling of 8 S DNA (as well as 39 S and 27 S DNA) but not of nuclear DNA after the administration in vivo of [3H]thymidine. The evidence that 8 S DNA is not an artifact resulting from DNA breakdown during mitochondrial incubation or DNA isolation is as follows: (a) 8 S DNA can be isolated from unincubated mitochondrial; (b) 8 S DNA becomes labeled when labeled DNA precursors are administered in vivo; (c) 8 S DNA biosynthesis continues in the complete absence of labeled 39 S or 27 S DNA (whose synthesis is repressed by ethidium bromide), making it unlikely that 8 S DNA is formed from the breakdown of 39 S or 27 S DNA; (d) substitution of milder methods of DNA extraction does not decrease 8 S DNA labeling; moreover, the usual conditions of extraction, when applied to purified 39 S and 27 S DNA, do not generate 8 S DNA, nor does an additional mitochondrial washing cycle; (e) the specific radioactivity of 8 S DNA is higher than that of 39 S or 27 S DNA, making it improbable that the latter forms are precursors of 8 S DNA. Since 8 S DNA is double-stranded, it is not identical to the 7 S fragment of D loop DNA. The hypothesis that the artifactual nicking of those DNA molecules which contain opposing D loops leads to the release of double-stranded fragments was tested. The DNA which was released was predominantly (and probably completely) single-stranded. We conclude that 8 S DNA is probably not an artifact and studies are in progress on its function.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001278:Atractyloside / Q000494:pharmacology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D004996:Ethidium / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D008566:Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D001278:Atractyloside; D004996:Ethidium