title: Carbon dioxide hazards in general aviation.
abstract: There are numerous reports of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers or significant loads of dry ice causing actual or potential carbon dioxide intoxication leading to accidents or incidents, both in the military and in the airlines. To evaluate the significance of the problem in general aviation, dry ice sublimation reported in literature and measured sublimation was theoretically applied to general aviation aircraft, and carbon dioxide from fire extinguishers was measured, both in static and flight condition. The results indicate that the use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers or the transportation under some conditions of dry ice could produce levels which could cause severe anxiety due to respiratory stimulation or actually produce pilot impairment and contribute to or cause accidents.
mesh_terms: D000401:Aircraft; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004367:Dry Ice / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010313:Partial Pressure; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D004367:Dry Ice; D002245:Carbon Dioxide