title: Cardiovascular malformations associated with choanal atresia.
abstract: In this study, cardiovascular malformations were present in 11 of 63 (17.5%) patients with choanal atresia. The most frequently encountered cardiac lesions were ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, while cyanotic heart disease was uncommon.
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D001900:Boston; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000002:abnormalities*