title: Terrestrial locomotion in penguins: it costs more to waddle.
abstract: The energetic cost for walking is relatively higher for penguins than for other birds or for quadrupeds of similar body mass. The morphology of penguins seems to represent a compromise between aquatic and terrestrial locomotion wherein both energy economy and speed suffer when the birds move on land.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D008124:Locomotion; D010101:Oxygen Consumption