title: Illness-alone exposure as a source of interference with the acquisition and retention of a taste aversion.
abstract: Four studies were conducted to explore the effects of unpaired lithium chloride (LiCl) injections, the unconditioned stimulus (US), on the acquisition and retention of a taste aversion. In Experiment 1, subjects were preexposed to a US; for one group the US was paired with a distinctive taste, whereas for a second group it was not. Following this preparation, both groups received the US paired with a novel taste. Only the US-alone group showed a retardation of subsequent taste-aversion conditioning. Experiment 2 indicated that an exposure to LiCl without a specific gustatory cue will interfere with the avoidance of a specific taste, regardless of whether the US experience occurs before or after a single taste-LiCl pairing. Following sucrose-LiCl pairings in Experiment 3A, LiCl-alone exposures retroactively interfered with the retention of the prior aversion to sucrose, with the level of post-US interference becoming an increasing function of the number of US-alone experiences. In Experiment 3B, the association of sucrose with LiCl did not interfere with the development of an almond aversion, whereas LiCl-alone exposures following the acquisition of a sucrose aversion proactively interfered with the development of a second taste aversion (almond). It is suggested that a physiological explanation will not adequately account for the present results of these experiments. The results are discussed within the framework of alternative associative models.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001244:Association; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D008094:Lithium / Q000506:poisoning*; D051381:Rats; D013395:Sucrose; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents; D013395:Sucrose; D008094:Lithium