title: [Gilbert's jaundice. Current clinico-nosographic, physiopathological and therapeutic aspects. III. Therapeutic action of enzyme inductors with reference to unconjugated bilirubin icterus].
abstract: The value of phenobarbital in the treatment of free bilirubin icterus is demonstrated by a series of clinical experiments in which the drug was administered to patients with bilirubinaemia, even at high levels, the situation being brought back to normal within about two weeks. The percentage excreted with the urine in a conjugated form of various drugs proved higher in subjects treated with phenobarbital than in controls, thus proving that the drug acts as an enzymic inductor. Moreover it is ineffective in patients genetically lacking in the capacity to synthesize glycuronyltransferase. The induction of this latter enzyme, however, does not exhaust the effects of the barbiturate for it has been shown that phenobarbital is capable of speeding up the disappearance of exogenous bilirubin from the plasma in animals, of stimulating bile flow and increasing uptake of the pigment by the liver. The increase in bile flow is of the order of 30% and takes place by way of a modification in the flow fraction independent of bile salts. It would also appear that the drug is capable of increasing the activity of 7-alpha-hydroxylase, an enzyme that represents the rate limiting step in the synthesis of biliary salts. Other drugs commonly used in the treatment of free bilirubin icterus such as ethanol, rifampicin and uridindiphosphoglucose are considered. Finally the case of a female patient who from birth had presented persistent free bilirubin icterus of about 8 mg% is reported. After 14 days treatment with phenobarbital (100 mg X 2) blood levels of the pigment had returned to normal.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005878:Gilbert Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D005965:Glucuronates; D006801:Humans; D006933:Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000097:blood; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014166:Transferases / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D005965:Glucuronates; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D014166:Transferases; D012293:Rifampin; D010634:Phenobarbital
vernacular_title: Gli itteri di Gilbert. Attuali aspetti clinico-nosografici, fisiopathologici e terapeutici. Nota III. - Azione terapeutica degli induttori enzimatici nei confronti degli itteri a bilirubina non coniugata