title: Creatine kinase: stability, inactivation, reactivation.
abstract: I determined the in vitro biological half-lives or decay constants for creatine kinase isoenzymes at various temperatures. Values at 37 degrees C are consistent with values reported by others in vivo, which suggests that in vivo irreversible inactivation is primarily thermal. Reversible inactivation appears to be an oxidation-reduction phenomenon. Proteins and some inactivators (urate, catecholamines) retard irreversible inactivation and preserve isoenzyme integrity. Dilution and thiols promote reversal of inactivity. Mercaptoethanol is the preferred thiol, particularly for storage and reactivation of isoenzyme MB. MB is sensitive to light and to freeze-thawing. I recommend that specimens be cooled promptly after drawing, that mercaptoethanol (10 mmol/liter) be added, and that they be stored refrigerated. Avoid prolonged exposure to light and freezing. A model of inactivation is proposed, which is based on the assumed existence of four monomer types: active, denatured, oxidized, and insulated. The model is consistent with dilution and thiol reactivation, lag phase variations, and subtype heterogeneity.
mesh_terms: D002395:Catecholamines; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004793:Enzyme Reactivators; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; D008954:Models, Biological; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013696:Temperature; D014527:Uric Acid
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D004793:Enzyme Reactivators; D007527:Isoenzymes; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D014527:Uric Acid; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; D003402:Creatine Kinase