title: Bupivacaine (Marcaine): an evaluation of its tissue and systemic toxicity in humans.
abstract: In countries other than the U.S.A., dosages of bupivacaine have been limited to 100 mg without epinephrine and 150 mg with epinephrine. A review of 7,688 regional block procedures employing bupivacaine in concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75%, and in dosages as high as 600 mg, indicated that such stringent restrictions: (1) are unwarranted, (2) make comparisons with other local anesthetic agents difficult, and (3) are in need of revision.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004837:Epinephrine; D005041:Etidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block
chemical_list: D005041:Etidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine