title: Human rectal mucosa: proctoscopic and morphological changes caused by laxatives.
abstract: To determine whether laxatives alter the proctoscopic and morphological appearances of the human rectum, 10 normal subjects were studied prospectively, and the following manipulations were assessed in a randomized, blinded manner: no treatment; oral mannitol to induce diarrhea; isotonic saline enema; Fleet's Phospho-Soda enema; and bisacodyl (Dulcolax), 10 mg, by enema or suppository. The rectal mucosa after mannitol-induced diarrhea, or after saline enema could not be distinguished from untreated rectum by proctoscopy, light microscopy, or scanning electron microscopy. Fleet's enema, and bisacodyl invariably changed proctoscopic appearances, and frequently altered light and scanning microscopic aspects. Both Fleet's enema and bisacodyl caused sloughing of surface epithelium. In addition, bisacodyl decreased the uptake of hematoxylin and eosin by crypt epithelial cells so that the affected cells had a partially erased appearance (16 of 25 biopsies examined by light microscopy). The lamina propria of 3 of these 25 biopsies contained polymorphonuclear cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the abnormal crypt epithelial cells contained fewer cytoplasmic organelles and less nuclear chromatin. All lesions resolved within 7 days. Fleet's enema and bisacodyl by rectum may mislead the proctologist and the pathologist by altering normal rectal mucosa.
mesh_terms: D001726:Bisacodyl / Q000009:adverse effects; D002400:Cathartics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004733:Enema / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008353:Mannitol / Q000009:adverse effects; D011351:Proctoscopy; D012007:Rectum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics; D001726:Bisacodyl; D008353:Mannitol; D012965:Sodium Chloride