title: Surface structure of spermatozoa frozen for artificial insemination.
abstract: Samples of human semen frozen in liquid nitrogen ( - 196 degrees C) with no glycerol, 5 and 10% glycerol were compared with samples that were untreated, with 10% glycerol but not frozen, and spermatozoa frozen at -20 degrees C. SEM and TEM of the samples indicates that 10% glycerol caused fewer surface changes of the spermatozoa than other treatments. Motility counts after the various freezing treatments were also highest when 10% glycerol was used as the cryoprotectant. Nonetheless, cryopreservation is detrimental to spermatozoa and often causes considerable damage to the acrosome with a leakage of the acrosomal contents.
mesh_terms: D002452:Cell Count; D005615:Freezing; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014021:Tissue Preservation
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D005990:Glycerol