title: Retrograde lymphatic spread and ischemia of the forearm and hand--rare complications of carcinoma of the breast.
abstract: A case of ischemia of the forearm and hand with resulting necrosis three years following simple mastectomy and radiation therapy for breast carcinoma is reported. Histologic sections of the mid-forearm amputation specimen showed extensive lymphatic involvement by tumor. The latter process is judged to have been one of retrograde lymphatic extension.
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged