title: Flow through venous cannulae.
abstract: Fluid flow through modern cannulae is not simple and cannot be expressed in classical terms. Progressively increasing the length of a cannula diminishes flow predictably but altering the bore of the cannula does not give a fourth power improvement in flow but rather a linear one. A reasonable working value for the relative viscosity  of ACD blood in infusions would seem to be 2-6 below about 125 ml/minute flow (saline). The decline in relative viscosity above this may be caused by turbulence in the saline flow.
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D002404:Catheterization; D012212:Rheology; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012996:Solutions; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012996:Solutions