title: Diseases of lower vertebrates and biomedical research.
abstract: The historical and present role of lower (non-mammalian) vertebrates in biomedical research is discussed. Examples are given of disease problems and experimental studies. It is suggested that lower vertebrates may prove of increasing value in this field in the future.
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians; D000820:Animal Diseases; D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases; D001717:Birds; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005393:Fish Diseases; D005399:Fishes; D012104:Reptiles; D012106:Research; D014730:Veterinary Medicine; D015047:Zoonoses