title: Release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) by intraluminal osmotic stimuli.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens; D004285:Dogs; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D009995:Osmosis; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide