title: Freedom of inquiry and subjects' rights: historical perspective.
abstract: The author presents an historical overview of the various attitudes toward animal and human experimentation. He cites advocates (Bacon, Welch) and opponents (Johnson, Shaw) and traces the debate from the Graeco-Roman era, through the rise of the scientific establishment, to the present. Controversy over the fundamental rights of individual research subjects versus a future-oriented freedom of inquiry has been and continues to be a dilemma for clinicians and research scientists.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001290:Attitude; D032981:Dehumanization; D006666:History of Medicine; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006806:Human Rights; D006801:Humans; D008513:Medicine in Literature; D012106:Research; D035842:Research Subjects; D012586:Science; D014824:Vivisection / Q000266:history