title: Familial vesico-ureteral reflux.
abstract: Four families of which 2 or more members were affected with primary vesico-ureteral reflux are reported. A multifactorial inheritance pattern subject to environmental factors is likely. Early examination and detection of the disorder in relatives at risk provide an opportunity to avoid the serious sequelae of vesico-ureteral reflux.
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*