title: Effect of severe kwashiorkor on intellectual development among Nigerian children.
abstract: A study was conducted to investigated the intellectual sequelae of severe kwashiorkor among Nigerian children of school age. The design for the study had an experimental urban kwashiorkor (index) group and four control groups, namely, a sibling group, a lower class group, an upper class group, and a rural kwashiorkor group. Various psychological tests measuring specific intellectual abilities were administered to all of the subjects taking part in the study. The findings showed that the index group had lower levels of certain types of intellectual skill-specifically the higher cognitive skills-at school age than their siblings, and more so than other controls except their rural counterparts; males showed a tendency to be more affected by severe kwashiorkor with regard to mental development than their female counterparts; there was no relationship between scores in the psychological tests and the ages at which the index cases were admitted into hospital; the upper class was clearly superior in performance of the tests and also in measures of weight and head measurements when compared to all of the other groups; there was no relationship between head circumference and scores in the tests among subjects in the five groups.
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007732:Kwashiorkor / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D012424:Rural Population; D012801:Sibling Relations; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D014888:Wechsler Scales