title: d-Norgestrel concentrations in maternal plasma, milk, and child plasma during administration of oral contraceptives to nursing women.
abstract: In order to correlate plasma and milk concentrations of d-norgestrel (d-Ng) in lactating women, three oral contraceptives, containing different amounts of this synthetic gestagen, were given to 15 fully lactating women, starting two months post partum. Plasma and milk samples were collected according to a special schedule. d-Ng concentrations in plasma and milk were measured by radioimmunoassay. When d-Ng was measured in milk, extraction was performed with petroleum ether and in the radioimmunoassay an internal standard was used. This method is evaluated in the present paper. The plasma: milk ratio of d-Ng was found to be about 100:15 and the amounts of d-Ng transferred with 600 ml. of milk per day were calculated to be 0.3 an 0.15 microgram with daily intakes of 250 and 150 microgram of d-Ng, respectively, corresponding to about 0.1 per cent of the given dose. When the women received 30 microgram of d-Ng daily, no d-Ng could be detected in the milk. In three of the breast-fed children the d-Ng concentration in plasma was measured. This concentration was found to be in the same range as would be expected after oral d-Ng medication to adults, allowing for body weight differences, indicating that d-Ng is metabolized and is not accumulated in the baby.
mesh_terms: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol