title: The influence of alcohol on the persistent effects on human performance of the hypnotics Mandrax and Nitrazepam.
abstract: Psychotropic drugs are prescribed to modify human behavior but they have persistent central sedative activity which may become a troublesome side-effect. Alcohol is known to interact with psychotropes, often to potentiate their central effects. We have previously shown that residues of some hypnotic drugs persist in the body for up to a week after a single therapeutic dose and have demonstrated that alcohol decreases the elimination rate of methaqualone even when taken 2 or 3 days after the drug. We have therefore looked at the influence of alcohol on the residual effects of Mandrax and nitrazepam on three measurements of human performance. The study was a double-blind, 3-way, cross-over study in which the following treatments were used: drug + alcohol, drug + alcohol placebo, and drug placebo + alcohol. In each case the alcohol or alcohol placebo was given 1, 2, and 3 days after the drug or placebo. The subject's kinetic visual acuity was measured 40 minutes after the alcohol had been taken. This was followed by  a Stroop test. Changes in mental state and arousal were measured by an 18-item visual analogue scale. An interaction between alcohol and Mandrax was apparent in the results obtained from the Stroop and visual analogue scale on the third day. However, no interaction with nitrazepam could be clearly demonstrated by any of the tests on any occasion. The application of these results to the "real life" situation is discussed.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008702:Methaqualone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009567:Nitrazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010919:Placebos; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D010919:Placebos; D000431:Ethanol; D008702:Methaqualone; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D009567:Nitrazepam