title: Adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals.
abstract: This review covers the side effects and adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals that were reported in the literature over the past 25 years. The information published prior to 1970 is sporadic, but due to the increased utilization of nuclear medicine procedures and the recognition that radiopharmaceuticals may have pharmacologic side effects, a registry has existed since 1971 to tabulate information on such effects. This survey is medical, rather than pharmaceutical in emphasis and so the adverse reactions are classified according to the target-organ systems involved rather than according to the specific radionuclides or to pharmaceuticals. If any of the radiopharmaceuticals of present or past use are not mentioned in this review, it is because no reports on their side effects were retrived by us. Hopefully, the organized registry system suggested by the Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM) will enable a more complete recording of side effects from radiopharmaceuticals in the future.
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D003102:Colloids / Q000009:adverse effects; D006048:Gold Colloid, Radioactive / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000532:radiotherapy; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects; D007501:Iron / Q000009:adverse effects; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008581:Meningitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000528:radiation effects; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects; D011087:Polycythemia Vera / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011749:Pyrogens; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012042:Registries; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000009:adverse effects; D012711:Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated / Q000009:adverse effects; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D014481:United States; D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D006048:Gold Colloid, Radioactive; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D011749:Pyrogens; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012711:Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes; D007501:Iron