title: Complications of cardiac pacemakers.
abstract: The roentgenogram is a valuable resource in the implantation and management of cardiac pacemakers. An understanding of the mechanisms of pacemakers and the principles of insertion is essential to the physician caring for patients with these devices. The roentgenogram can identify the type of pacemaker, the position of the electrode tip and the occurrence of lead fractures; it can also detect failing batteries.
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology