Effects of frequency of photic stimulation upon autistic and retarded children.
The present study was designed to determine if frequency of repetitive photic stimulation could affect the response rate of an operant upon which such stimulation was made contingent. To test this hypothesis, we trained retarded and autistic children, equated for mental age, to pull a lever to obtain photic stimulation of different frequencies. It was found that (a) response rates of autistic children were related to the frequency of stimulation, while retarded children showed no such consistency. (b) The two groups did not differ in the average duration of time they engaged in stereotypies. (c) During a subsequent extinction session, two autistic children ceased responding, but one of two retarded children did not. (d) Noncontingent photic stimulation suppressed a food-motivated operant in one autistic child. These results were interpreted as evidence for frequency-dependent properties of repetitive visual feedback in autistic children. In addition, support was given to the position that performance deficits in autistic children correlating with the occurrence of stereotypies result from competition of different sources of reinforcement.
D000367:Age Factors; D001321:Autistic Disorder; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D005108:Extinction, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D007360:Intelligence; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior