title: Piezoelectric and related properties of hydrated collagen.
abstract: Two piezoelectric constants (polarization per unit stress, d=d'-id'', and polarization per unit strain, e=e'-ie''), the elastic constant, and dielectric constant are determined for oriented collagen at different hydration levels at 10 Hz from -150 to 50 degrees C. With no hydration (approximately 0% H2O), d' increases slightly with higher temperatures, while e' decreases slightly. Near 11 wt% H2O, both d' and e' increase then decrease around 0 degrees C, and is probably caused by an increase of the dielectric constant and the ionic conductivity in the nonpiezoelectric phase. Hydration greater than 25 wt%, d' and e' decrease above -50 degrees C which is considered to be due to a greater ionic conductivity surrounding the piezoelectric phase.
mesh_terms: D003094:Collagen; D004548:Elasticity; D004560:Electricity; D011312:Pressure; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D003094:Collagen