title: Effects of different cereal grains in diets for laying hens on production parameters and liver fat content.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted with White Leghorn laying hens to study the effects of different cereal grains on production criteria and liver fat content. The results of Experiment 1, in which pullets 21 weeks of age were used for a period of 22 weeks indicated that Gaines wheat or triticale (Trailblazer) were equal to corn in supporting egg production, egg weight and body weight, with comparable feed consumption. Henry wheat(a hard red winter class) was slightly, yet significantly (P less than 0.05) inferior to corn for the above criteria. No significant differences were observed among four treatments in wet liver weight and liver fat content. Hens fed the corn diet had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower carcass fat followed by the hens fed triticale in comparison with those fed Gaines or Henyry wheat. Mortality was very low and not related to dietary treatments. Neither dietary fat nor energy content was related to fat content of liver and carcass of the hens. Body weight and liver fat content were not closely related to each other. Wet liver weight was the only significantly (P less than 0.05) related factor to liver fat content. In the second experiment, in which hens 33 weeks of age were used for an experimental period of 20 weeks, opaque-2 corn was slightly superior to normal corn and triticale was comparable to normal corn in supporting egg production and egg weight. Supplementation of the diets containing the two corns and triticale with lysine failed to improve egg production and egg weight. Hens fed the diets containing either normal corn or opaque-2 corn as the only grain in the diet had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher liver fat content in comparison with hens fed the diet containing triticale as the only grain. Mortality, however, was much higher among hens fed triticale-containing diets in comparison with groups fed corn-containing diets in spite of the fact that they had significantly lower liver fat content. Regardless of dietary treatments or grains used, the hens that died were diagnosed to have fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. Dietary fat content was postively and significantly (P less than 0.05) related to liver fat content. Dietary energy or body weight was not closely related to liver content. Liver fat content and mortality were negatively related to each other. The higher for content did not adversely affect laying performance.
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002523:Edible Grain; D004531:Eggs; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D010058:Oviposition; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D013025:Glycine max; D013577:Syndrome / Q000662:veterinary; D014908:Triticum; D003313:Zea mays