title: Operative nephroscopy.
abstract: Renal endoscopy has been made possible, practical and safe by technical advances in instrumentation. Operative nephroscopy has become a uniquely valuable adjunct to stone operations, especially for caliceal calculi, but does not permit the surgeon to dispense with operative x-rays. Furthermore, it has extended our horizons in the management of intrarenal hematuria and of low grade tumors of the renal collecting system. We suggest that the rigid right-angled nephroscope in use today be referred to as the Leadbetter nephroscope in recognition of that pioneer's original conception for its design.
mesh_terms: D003949:Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery