title: Coxofemoral luxation complicated by upward fixation of the patella in the pony.
abstract: Two cases of coxofemoral luxation complicated by upward fixation of the patella are described in the pony. Clinical signs included outward rotation of the stifle and foot and inward rotation of the hock with the stifle and hock joints fixed in extension. One case was treated by performing a medial patellar desmotomy with a resultant significant improvement in locomotion. Other cases of hip luxation reported in the literature, some complicated by upward patellar fixation, are reviewed. Hip luxation is principally seen in ponies and it is suggested that upward fixation of the patella occurring in some of these cases is a result of rotation of the limb produced by dislocation of the hip, which alters the normal anatomy and mechanics of the femoro-patellar joint and/or interferes with the normal leverage of the rectus femoris muscle.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006617:Hip Dislocation / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010329:Patella; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000662:veterinary