title: Thorium dioxide granuloma of the neck: a report of four cases.
abstract: Four patients with Thorotrast granuloma are reported. The first patient had a radical neck dissection performed; however, postoperative hemorrhage and fistula occurred with a six-month delay in healing. The granuloma in this patient had totally occluded his carotid system with a greatly enlarged vertebral artery. A second patient presented with spontaneous bleeding in the neck from a granuloma followed by encephalomalacia, hemiparesis and aphasia. The third and fourth patients presented as hoarseness with a hard mass in the neck. All four patients had Thorotrast in the liver and spleen. The latter three had laryngoscopies and incisional neck biopsies as their only surgical treatment. Neck malignancy from Thorotrast is very rare. Despite legal decisions suggesting removal and similar suggestions in the literature, the authors feel only small extravasations have had uncomplicated operations. Neck dissection is rarely indicated. Hoarseness can be improved by vocal cord injection. These patients, of course, must be followed periodically as any other tumor, checking the neck mass, liver, and carotid circulation.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006099:Granuloma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007603:Jurisprudence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D013911:Thorium Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D013911:Thorium Dioxide