title: Exteroceptive influences on the lumbar back muscle tone and reflexes in the cat.
abstract: The exteroceptive influences on tonic activity and on stretch reflexes of the longissimus dorsi and multifidus spinae muscles were investiagted in decerebrate, spinal and chloralose-anesthetized cats. Adequate skin stimulation was used to map out facilitatory and inhibitory skin areas on the trunk and the extremities. On the trunk facilitatory areas are relatively large and located at the dorsal side while inhibitory areas are confined to the ventrolateral part of the contralateral body half. The facilitatory skin fields are of approximately the same size in decerebrate and spinal cats. On leg skin stimulation facilitation can be evoked from the ipsilateral hind limb while inhibition results from stimulation of the other limbs. Spinal cord transection increased excitatory effects of ipsilateral hind limb stimulation. Reflex responses in the back muscles to applied stretch are described. These reflexes were used as test reflexes in experiments with conditioning stimulation of the peripheral nerves supplying skin areas from which effects on back muscle activity were evoked by adequate stimulation. The conditioning-test experiments and those using adequate stimulation show that the longissimus dorsi and multifidus spinae are activated or facilitated by an ipsilateral stimulus to skin afferents. The extent of the effects induced by stimulation of skin differs in the types of preparation used. These differences may be accounted for by assuming a supraspinal control of the reflex pathways studied.
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002698:Chloralose; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009129:Muscle Tonus; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002698:Chloralose