title: Intravenous regional anesthesia for closed treatment of fractures and dislocations of the upper extremities.
abstract: Intravenous regional anesthesia for the treatment of fractures and dislocations of the upper extremity is a very effective, consistent and safe form of analgesia which requires low doses of lidocaine and can be performed in an emergency room using a regular blood pressure cuff. Dosage should be related to body weight and the blood pressure cuff should be maintained at higher than systolic pressure for a minimum of 15 minutes after the lidocaine is injected. Release of the tourniquet should be staged as described. Ninety-one per cent of 77 patients had excellent analgesia following the IVRA. Eight per cent had fair results, but this was still adequate to perform the reduction with only minimal but definite discomfort to the patient. Only one patient failed to respond to the IVRA technique. Other advantages such as muscle relaxation during the anesthetic and rapid full return of sensation after cuff release, permit ease of reducion and early anticipation of cast discomfort or pressure pain from sharp edges of plaster. Unpleasant long term side effects of axillary block anesthesia, such as persistent paresthesia have not been seen.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods*; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000628:therapy*; D008012:Lidocaine; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine