[Pathophysiology of respiratory disturbances in children (author's transl)].
Physiological conditions of respiration in children are defined especially by - relative hyperventilation because of high oxygen uptake per body surface, - relative narrow and soft airways with high tendency to obstruction, causing atelectasis, pneumonia or severe bronchiolitis. It is useful to differentiate between bronchiolitis and spastic or asthmatoid bronchitis, the latter being sensible to Adrenalin and developing to asthma of adults. Characteristical signs of asthmatoid bronchitis are bronchial hyperreactivity, increased airway-resistance and residual volume, decreased FEV 1, pulmonary compliance, arterial PO2 and PCO2 with signs of pulmonary inhomogeneity. Mucviscidosis, starting from abnormal viscosity of bronchial secretion, is functionally characterized by similar signs, so are increased RV with air-trapping, decreased FEV 1, VC, PO2a and pulmonary inhomogeneity. Diffuse progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (HAMMAN-RICH) of acute type being mostly lethal in children up to 2 years of age and of subacute type in older children shows diffusion disturbance and characteristical ventilation disturbance with reduction of inspiratory reserve volume and enlargement of functional residual capacity but normal FEV 1. Disturbances are sensible to corticoid-therapy.
D000367:Age Factors; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008170:Lung Compliance; D008297:Male; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012115:Residual Volume; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014109:Total Lung Capacity; D014692:Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
Pathophysiologie der Atemfunktionsstörungen im Kindesalter