title: Various forms of chemically induced liver injury and their detection by diagnostic procedures.
abstract: A large number of chemical agents, administered for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, can produce various types of hepatic injury by several mechanisms. Some agents are intrinsically hepatotoxic, and others produce hepatic injury only in the rare, uniquely susceptible individual. Idiosyncrasy of the host is the mechanism for most types of drug-induced hepatic injury. It may reflect allergy to the drug or a metabolic aberation of the host permitting the accumulation of hepatotoxic metabolites. The syndromes of hepatic disease produced by drugs have been classified hepatocellular, hepatocanalicular, mixed and canalicular. Measurement of serum enzyme activities has provided a powerful tool for studies of hepatotoxicity. Their measurement requires awareness of relative specificity, knowledge of the mechanisms involved, and knowledge of the relationship between known hepatotoxic states and elevated enzyme activities.
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D012293:Rifampin / Q000009:adverse effects; D013256:Steroids / Q000009:adverse effects; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000009:adverse effects; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D013256:Steroids; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents; D000431:Ethanol; D013752:Tetracycline; D012293:Rifampin