[The influence of orally applicable antibiotics on the activities of human enterokinase and disaccharidases (author's transl)].
In this study the influence of 14 antibiotics, 12 of them orally applicable, on human enterokinase was investigated. The effects of these substances on the activities of human disaccharidases were also examined. The enterokinase activity is more sensitive to the studied antibiotics than is human lactase, saccharase or isomaltase. Unphysiologically high concentrations of penicillins, cephalexin and chloramphenicol (10(-2) Mol/l) inhibited enterokinase, tetracycline (doxycycline) in a dose of 10(-3) m reduced the activity of this enzyme by 50%, neomycinsulphate and the sulphates of polymyxin B and E have no effect on the disaccharidases. On the contrary, these substances are the best inhibitors of enterokinase among the tested antibiotics. Neomycin or polymyxin (10(-4) Mol/l) causes a 50% inhibition of a physiological quantity of this enzyme. Therapeutic doses of both antibiotics may reduce the enterokinase activity by  70% to 90%, while the activity of trypsin is not affected unless a concentration greater than 10(-2) m is used. The inhibition is not only caused by the anion (SO4) of these antibiotics, since sulphates reduce the enterokinase only in concentrations higher than 10(-3) Mol/l in man. The mechanism of inhibition is not effected by binding cholic acids under test conditions. Both polymyxin and neomycin inhibit the enterokinase activity with and without glycodeoxycholic acid. Further studies showed that the type of inhibition is competitive in both cases. The inhibition constant K2 of neomycin-B-sulphate is 8.7X10(-5) Mol/l, of polymyxin-E-sulphate 8.6X10(-5) Mol/l. The inhibition type of penicillins, cephalosporins and doxycycline is noncompetitive, thus contrasting that of neomycin and polymyxin.
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002793:Cholic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D004186:Disaccharidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000201:enzymology; D004765:Enteropeptidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D011480:Protease Inhibitors
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002793:Cholic Acids; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D004186:Disaccharidases; D004765:Enteropeptidase
Beeinflussung der Aktivitäten von Enterokinase und Disaccharidasen beim Menschen durch oral applizierbare Antibiotika