title: Liver lipid accumulation and performance of hens as affected by cage density and initial body weight.
abstract: Hens housed in individual cages (25  46 cm.) laid significantly more eggs, consumed significantly more feed and had significantly larger livers with a higher lipid content than hens housed three to a cage in two experiments. Body weight gain was significantly higher for individually housed birds in experiment 1, but not in experiment 2. No difference was observed in mean egg weight or kg. feed per dozen eggs. In experiment 2 hens housed two to a cage laid slightly fewer eggs and accumulated slightly less liver fat but the differences were not significantly different fromthose housed individually. Hens socially dominant in three bird pens had higher liver fat accumulation than hens lower on the peck order but liver fat accumulation for the dominant hens still averaged less than hens housed either two or one per cage. Comparison of two strains in experiment 1 revealed a significant difference in rate of egg production and feed efficiency but no difference in liver fat accumulation. Pullets placed in four body weight classes prior to the start of the experiment did not differ significantly in liver fat accumulation per unit of body weight or percentof dry matter of the liver at the end of the experiment. Rate of egg production and feed efficiency were also not significantly different among the body weight classes.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004531:Eggs; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D010058:Oviposition; D011156:Population Density