title: X-linked hydrocephalus, with aqueductal stenosis, mental retardation, and adduction-flexion deformity of the thumbs. Report of a family.
abstract: A new family is reported of a Bickers-Adams-Edwards syndrome. This family has been studied up to three generations. Two female carriers are known. Among the six male children who are affected, four are severely mentally retarded, have spasticity of the legs, and survived with a mild macrocephaly, and two show a more severe and rapid progression of head enlargement. A partial aqueductal stenosis, with remarkable ventricular dilatation, has been demonstrated by pneumoence-phalography in three boys. A deformity of the thumbs links these six children together. One of them has been treated by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, when 18 months old, without any improvement in the neurological condition. The mental deficiency is much more severe than could be expected from the degree of hydrocephalus, at least as estimated clinically by the macrocephaly. Hydrocephalus is precocious, and the ventricular dilatation very advanced when seen by PEG studies. Recognition of the female carriers is not possible.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002535:Cerebral Aqueduct / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000235:genetics*; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D012730:Sex Chromosomes; D012737:Sex Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D013933:Thumb / Q000002:abnormalities*