title: Effects of growth hormone, thyroxine, and age on diaphragm muscle from dwarf mice.
abstract: The ability of GH in vitro to stimulate leucine incorporation into protein and the uptake of 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and 3-O-methyl-glucose (3-OMG) was studied in diaphragm muscle from dwarf (dw/dw) mice. Ovine GH (25 mug/ml) significantly enhanced the rate of protein synthesis in muscle from untreated dwarfs. In contrast, GH usually failed to stimulate transport, although occasionally a small increase in AIB uptake was seen. Insulin (50 muU/ml) readily stimulated both AIB transport and protein synthesis in muscle from untreated dwarfs. Dwarfs were treated for 4 days with thyroxine (T4) (0.3-5 mug/day) or 3,5,3'-triiodo thyronine (T3) (0.1 mug/day). This enhanced the responsiveness of the transport systems to GH and seemed to increase the basal transport rates for AIB and 3-OMG. After the T4-treatment 0.75 mug/ml GH stimulated AIB transport in mice aged 15 weeks; 25 mug/ml GH stimulated AIB transport in dwarfs aged 5 weeks-1 yr. and leucine incorporation into protein in dwarfs aged 5 weeks-2 yr. This last result suggests that response to GH does not cease merely due to increasing age. Synergism by T3/T4 was not permanent, and the maximum response to GH occurred 1 week after the last injection of T4. The possible mechanisms whereby thyroid hormones enhance responsiveness of the transport systems to GH are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000621:Aminoisobutyric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003964:Diaphragm; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000378:metabolism; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D008757:Methylglucosides / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000502:physiology; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000502:physiology; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000502:physiology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000621:Aminoisobutyric Acids; D007328:Insulin; D008757:Methylglucosides; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D007930:Leucine; D013974:Thyroxine