title: [Hirsutism].
abstract: Hirsutism (increased masculine-type sexual hair growth) is to be distinguished from hypertrichosis (generalized increase of body hair) and from virilism (organ changes tending towards masculinity) in which marked hormonal changes are alwasy observable. Hirsutism depends on age, race, heredity, hairfolicle sensitivity to testosterone, and on circulating testosterone and its precursors. The main source of testosterone and androstanedione formation is not the adrenal cortex, as previously assumed, but, as catheterization has demonstrated, the ovary. Mild forms can best be treated externally by plucking, shaving or electrolysis. In forms associated with amenorrhea the amenorrhea responds to corticoids but over a prolonged period of treatment the maximum regression of hirsutism is one-third. Good results are obtainable by reverse-sequence therapy with the competitive androgen antagonists cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol (100 mg cyproterone acetate from 5th-14th day of menstrual cycle and 50 mug ethinyl estradiol from 5th-21st day). This therapy is however costly and not without side effects; it should therefore be used only for particularly troublesome cases.
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000378:metabolism; D003534:Cyproterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D006983:Hypertrichosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D014770:Virilism / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D013739:Testosterone; D000735:Androstenedione; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D003534:Cyproterone
vernacular_title: Hirsutismus