title: Diazepam-ketamine anaesthesia for open heart surgery "micro-mini" drip administration technique.
abstract: Two hundred open heart cases anaesthetized with a combination of diazepam-ketamine using "Micro-Mini" drip administration technique were presented. The results were eminently desirable, and in the opinion of the authors are a notable improvement over other methods for all types of cardiovascular surgery including most advanced heart diseases. The advantages of this anaesthetic method for cardiovascular surgery are as follows: 1. Effects on cardiovascular system are minimal.--2. Respiratory depression is negligible.--3. There is no increase in salivation or muscle tone.--4. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia are simple and smooth.--5. Anaesthesia can be maintained, using a high concentration of oxygen alone, by a slight increase in rate of ketamine administration whenever necessary.--6. Post-anaesthetic psychotomimetic effects are negligible.--7. Nearly 100% of patients have excellent amnesia.--8. It has a wide margin of safety.--9. This technique has proved highly acceptable to patients and surgeons. We feel ketamine should be used in small dosages continuously administered with either "Micro-Mini" drip infusion or infusion pump. Ketamine given in this fashion should be regarded as an analgesic.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003975:Diazepam / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam