title: The clinical significance of Raynaud's syndrome.
abstract: This study was performed to determine the frequency of occurrence of associated autoimmune disease in a group of patients presenting with Raynaud's symptoms. A consecutive group of 100 patients presenting with Raynaud's syndrome underwent detailed prospective clinical and immunologic evaluation. Magnificantion hand arteriography was performed in certain patients. Based on current diagnostic criteria, the following autoimmune diseases were diagnosed or were suspected strongly: Raynaud's syndrome with scleroderma or CRST--28 patients; Raynaud's syndrome with lupus erythematosus--ten patients; Raynaud's syndrome with miscellaneous autoimmune disease--43 patients: Raynaud's syndrome without diagnosable autoimmune disease--19 patients. Fourteen of the 19 patients in the latter group had isolated serologic abnormalities. Arteriography showed combined organic arterial obstruction and vasospasm of the palmar and digital arteries in all patients. Patients with severe Raynaud's symptoms had more extensive arterial obstruction than did patients with mild or moderate Raynaud's symptoms. These results suggest that all patients with Raynaud's syndrome should be regarded as at high risk for having an associated autoimmune disease.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases; D003095:Collagen Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins