title: Increased lead absorption with anemia and slowed nerve conduction in children near a lead smelter.
abstract: Studies to evaluate the prevalence, sources, and health consequences of lead absorption were conducted among children living near a primary lead smelter. Lead levels in air, soil, and dust were highest at the smelter and decreased with distance. Ninety-nine percent of one- to nine-year-old children living within 1.6 kilometers had blood lead levels greater than or equal 40 mug/dl, indicating increased absorption, and 22% had levels greater than or equal 80 mug/dl. The prevalence of lead levels greater than or equal 40 mug/dl decreased with distance; at 72 kilometers from the smelter it was 1%. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels increased with blood lead levels: 17% of children with lead levels of greater than or equal 80 mug/dl were anemic. There was no overt neurologic toxicity. Significant negative correlation was found in 202 five- to nine-year-old children between blood lead levels and motor nerve conduction velocity (r = 0.38, p less than 0.02).
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007061:Idaho; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D007854:Lead