title: Ortho- and paramyxoviruses from migrating feral ducks: characterization of a new group of influenza A viruses.
abstract: Ortho- and parainfluenza viruses isolated from the cloacas of migrating feral ducks shot on the Mississippi flyway included three strains of influenza. A virus (Hav6 Nav1, Hav6 Nl, Hav7 Neq2) as well as Newcastle disease virus. One influenza virus, A/duck/Memphis/546/74, possessed Hav3 haemagglutinin, but the neuraminidase was not inhibited by any of the known influenza reference antisera. The neuraminidase on this virus was related to the neuraminidases on A/duck/GDR/72 (H2 N?), A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66 (Hav 5 N?), A/duck/Ukraine/1/60 (Hav3 N?) and A/turkey/Wisconsin/68. We therefore propose that the neuraminidase on this group of influenza viruses be designated Nav6. The A/duck/Memphis/546/74 influenza virus caused an ocular discharge in 1 of 5 ducks and was shed in faeces for 10 days; it was stable in faecal samples for up to 3 days at 20 degrees C. These results suggest that ecological studies on influenza in avian species should include attempts to isolate virus from faeces. Faecal-oral transmission is an attractive explanation for the spread of influenza virus from feral birds to other animals.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002988:Cloaca / Q000382:microbiology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004372:Ducks / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000276:immunology; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission; D010252:Paramyxoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014132:Trachea / Q000382:microbiology; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D009439:Neuraminidase