title: Inhalation exposure of animals.
abstract: Relative advantages and disadvantages and important design criteria for various exposure methods are presented. Five types of exposures are discussed: whole-body chambers, head-only exposures, nose or mouth-only methods, lung-only exposures, and partial-lung exposures. Design considerations covered include: air cleaning and conditioning; construction materials; losses of exposure materials; evenness of exposure; sampling biases; animal observation and care; noise and vibration control, safe exhausts, chamber loading, reliability, pressure fluctuations; neck seals, masks, animal restraint methods; and animal comfort. Ethical considerations in use of animals in inhalation experiments are also discussed.
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000388:Air; D000818:Animals; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation; D008168:Lung; D009055:Mouth; D009622:Noise; D009666:Nose; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols