title: Techniques for assessing teratogenic effects: epidemiology.
abstract: Epidemiologic studies of malformations can aid in the understanding of human teratogenesis. Employing a variety of approaches epidemiology can develop or test hypotheses concerning possible causes or through surveillance provide data useful for a variety of purposes. Drawing heavily upon our experiences at the Center for Disease Control, this paper reviews some concepts and uses of epidemiology in studies of human teratogenesis.
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D012306:Risk; D013723:Teratogens; D014481:United States; D014798:Vital Statistics
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens