title: Traumatization of teeth and gingiva related to habitual tooth cleaning procedures.
abstract: Traumatization of oral hard and soft tissues connected with mechanical oral hygiene procedures has been reported in the dental literature. Definitions, classifications and localization of such lesions are listed, and in vivo and in vitro experiments within the field are reviewed. Existing literature suggests that hard tissue lesions are mainly due to abrasives in dentifrices, whereas gingival lesions may be caused by toothbrushing per se. Factual knowledge about the prevalence, severity and clinical significance, as well as relevant and reliable experiments, is scarce and further research on these topics seems to be indicated.
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003188:Composite Resins; D005260:Female; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003188:Composite Resins