title: Temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis and oro-nasal fistula as complications of facial trauma.
abstract: Condylar fractures with or without disruption of the temporo-mandibular joint occur commonly with other facial injuries. The subsequent development of ankylosis presents surgical and anaesthetic problems in management and results in severe physical disability to the patient. Oro-nasal fistula is a rare complication of fractures involving the middle third of the facial skeleton, and two cases are reported.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000844:Ankylosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000209:etiology*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000150:complications; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000150:complications; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010027:Osteotomy; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000601:surgery