title: Abnormalities of extracellular fluid volume and sodium concentration.
abstract: Each of the five true hyponatremias is discussed as a defect in the free water-excreting mechanisms of the body, in order to formulate a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment. One artificial and three real causes of elevations in plasma sodium are also discussed.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D014667:Vasopressins; D012964:Sodium