title: Chitin biosynthesis during Blastocladiella zoospore germination: evidence that the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is post-translationally activated during cell differentiation.
abstract: De novo construction of a chitinous cell wall accompanies Blastocladiella emersonii zoospore germination. At least an order of magnitude increase in total hexosamine occurs during germination. This increase is into polymer (chitin) and occurs on schedule in the presence of cycloheximide. Uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPGlcNAc), both the end product of hexosamine biosynthesis and a substrate for chitin biosynthesis, is a potent inhibitor of the activity of the first pathway-specific enzyme of hexosamine biosynthesis in zoospore extracts. Certain uridine nucleotides, not perceptibly influencing the activity of the first enzyme per se, counteract the inhibitory effects of UDPGlcNAc. The concentration of UDPGlcNAc in the zoospore is sufficient to act as an inhibitor of the enzyme, but the amount of UDPGlcNAc is sufficient, by over an order of magnitude, to account for the chitin synthesized during germination. Both the production of UDPGlcNAc and its utilization for chitin synthesis appear to be post-translationally regulated in zoospores and during zoospore germination.
mesh_terms: D001754:Blastocladiella / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002686:Chitin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D005945:Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000378:metabolism; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D014500:Uracil Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006595:Hexosamines; D014500:Uracil Nucleotides; D002686:Chitin; D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine; D003513:Cycloheximide; D005945:Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)