title: Middle-third facial osteotomies: their use in the correction of congenital dentofacial and craniofacial deformities.
abstract: Several congenital abnormalities result in dentofacial and craniofacial deformities in the middle third of the face. Each of these deformities presents unique problems with multiple coexisting anomalies of the entire dentofacial and craniofacial region. Those engaged in the habilitation of patients with congenital facial deformities must be cognizant of the fact that, unlike in individuals with developmental dentofacial deformities there are unique ophthalmological, otolaryngological, neurological, dental, speech, and psychological problems coexisting with these conditions. Multiple procedures, either performed simultaneously or staged, are frequently necessary to achieve optimum esthetic and functional results. With a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, acceptable habilitation of many of these individuals can be achieved.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis / Q000601:surgery; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011584:Psychology; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery; D014140:Tracheotomy