title: Neurohypophyseal hormones, analogs, and fragments: their effect on puromycin-induced amnesia.
abstract: Neurohypophyseal hormones and several of their analogs, as well as N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, have been studied for their ability to attenuate puromycin-induced amnesia in mice. [8-Lysine]vasopressin, [8-arginine]vasopressin, and the analogs des-9-glycinamide-[8-lysine]vasopressin, [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid, 8-lysine]vasopressin, [1,6-aminosuberic acid, 8-lysine]vasopressin, [4-leucine, 8-lysine]vasopressin, glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin, [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid, 8-D-arginine]vasopressin, and [1,6-aminosuberic acid, 8-arginine]vasopressin are active. [8-Arginine]oxytocin as well as oxytocin and all of its other analogs tested are inactive with the striking exception of glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-oxytocin. The structural aspects of the neurohypophyseal hormones which appear to be important for significant activity in memory consolidation include the combination of a cyclic moiety containing the Tyr and Phe residues along with a basic residue in position 8. Another series of active compounds comprises C-terminal neurohypophyseal peptides and analogs thereof, including the naturally occurring Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 and, most surprisingly, Leu-Gly-NH2, as well as its derivatives D-Leu-Gly-NH2 and the diketopiperazine, cyclo(-Leu-Gly-).
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010909:Pituitary Hormones, Posterior / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011691:Puromycin; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014668:Vasotocin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010909:Pituitary Hormones, Posterior; D014667:Vasopressins; D011691:Puromycin; D010121:Oxytocin; D014668:Vasotocin