title: Ossicular reconstruction in tympanoplasty - mobile stapes without crural arches, fixed stapes with and without crural arches.
abstract: A description of ossicular reconstruction in problems with the stapes using autograft and/or homograft ossicles is given. The inverted stapes is employed for otosclerosis and tympanosclerosis. The two ossicle reconstruction is used in cases of a mobile footplate with absent crural arches. The reshaped incus is repositioned between the malleus handle and oval window when the stapes is fixed and there also exists a lateral ossicular chain defect. Loose connective tissue is an effective seal for the oval window and is a means of stabilizing ossicular functions.
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010040:Otosclerosis / Q000601:surgery; D012598:Sclerosis; D013201:Stapes Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D014433:Tympanoplasty / Q000379:methods*