title: The early descriptions of the so-called tuning-fork tests of Weber, Rinne, Schwabach, and Bing. III. The development of the Schwabach and Bing tests.
abstract: In the third and last part of this study the development of the so-called tuning-fork tests of Schwabach and Bing is discussed. The attention is called to the work of Schmalz (1849), Lucae (1880) and Emerson (1884). These authors preceeded Schwabach (1885) in using and describing the test which became only generally accepted through Schwabach's extensive study and since then bears his name. As to the so-called Bing or occlusion test, Bing's (1891) work is reviewed and the attention is drawn to an early and apparently forgotten description of this test by Rinne (1885).
mesh_terms: D001844:Bone Conduction; D003638:Deafness / Q000175:diagnosis; D005858:Germany; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D049671:History, 18th Century; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States