A model for chromatin structure.
A model for chromatin structure is presented. (a) Each of four histone species, H2A (IIbl or f2a2), H2B (IIb2 or f2b), H3 (III or f3) and H4 (IV or f2al) can form a parallel dimer. (b) These dimers can form two tetramers, (H2A)2(H2b)2 and (H3)2(H4)2. (C) These two tetramers bind a segment of DNA and condense it into a "C" segments. (d) The adjacent segments, termed extended or "E" segments, are bound by histone H1 (I or fl) for the major fraction of chromatin; the other "E" regions can be either bound by non-histone proteins or free of protein binding. (e) The binding of histones causes a structural distortion of the DNA which, depending upon the external conditions, may generate the formation of either an  open structure with a heterogeneous and non-uniform supercoil or a compact structure with a string of beads. The model is supported by experimental data on histone-histone interaction, histone-DNA interaction and histone subunit-DNA interaction.
D001665:Binding Sites; D002843:Chromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D006657:Histones / Q000032:analysis; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008961:Models, Structural; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D014357:Trypsin; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D004247:DNA; D014357:Trypsin