The activity of oligonucleotides containing guanosine 5'-triphosphate in protein synthesis. I. The interaction of protein synthesis elongation factor I with cytidylyl (5'-3')-guanosine 5'-triphosphate.
The interaction of protein synthesis elongation factor 1 (EF-1) from wheat embryos and elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli with cytidylyl(5'-3')guanosine 5'-triphosphate(pppGpC) has been studied. The dinucleotide 5'-triphosphate interacts strongly with EF-1 as evidenced by its capacity to inhibit the binding of [3H]GTP to the factor. The analogs pGpC and GpC do not interfere with GTP binding to EF-1 but guanosine 5'-triphosphate cyclic 2',3'-monophosphate and ppGpC are also potent inhibitors. The binding of the dinucleotide 5'-triphosphate to EF-1 was also demonstrated directly by the nitrocellulose retention method and by Sephadex G-50 fractionation using a radioactive analog iodinated with 125I in the 5 position of the cytosine of pppGpC. The dinucleotide triphosphate can replace GTP in the formation of a ternary complex EF-1-aminoacyl-tRNA-GTP and in its requirement for the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes catalyzed by EF-1. The absolute requirement for GTP in an in vitro polypeptide-synthesizing system can also be met by pppGpC and by guanosine 5'-triphosphate cyclic 5',3'-monophosphate. The bacterial factor EF-Tu differs drastically from eukaryotic EF-1 in its nucleotide specificity since EF-Tu only interacts slightly (if at all) with pppGpC. The low inhibition of [3H]GTP binding to EF-Tu by pppGpC could be due to a slight contamination in the latter compound.
D003568:Cytidine Monophosphate; D003597:Cytosine Nucleotides; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010452:Peptide Biosynthesis; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors; D010649:Phenylalanine; D011485:Protein Binding; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000378:metabolism; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000378:metabolism; D046249:Transfer RNA Aminoacylation; D014908:Triticum
D003597:Cytosine Nucleotides; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D010649:Phenylalanine; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D012343:RNA, Transfer; D003568:Cytidine Monophosphate