title: The diagnosis and treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
abstract: Twenty-five patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, including 20 with associated diseases and five with primary Raynaud's disease, were evaluated with sequential determinations of digital temperature recovery time after cold exposure and magnification hand arteriography before and after cold exposure and before and after intra-arterial reserpine. A variety of immunologic screening tests were performed, and the clinical response to oral guanethidine of phenoxybenzamine was determined. Temperature recovery time was prolonged in all but two patients with Raynaud's phenomenon before treatment. Arteriography revealed luminal obstruction of variable degree in all but two patients with Raynaud's phenomenon but not in those with Raynaud's disease. Radiographic vasospasm was noted in all patients. Patients with Raynaud's symptoms had a markedly greater vasospastic response to cold exposure than did three control patients without Raynaud's symptoms. Arteriography 48 hours after intra-arterial reserpine repeat revealed decreased vasospasm and a decreased vasospastic response to cold in most patients. A variety of serum protein and serologic aberrations were detected, with only eight patients being free of immunologic abnormalities, Nineteen patients were treated with guanethidine alone, three with guanethidine-phenoxybenzamine combination, and one with phenoxybenzamine alone. Good or excellent clinical results were noted in 19 of the 23 patients treated, with an average follow-up to date of 12 months.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000373:Agglutinins / Q000032:analysis; D000792:Angiography; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003298:Coombs Test; D003450:Cryoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006145:Guanethidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D012110:Reserpine; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000373:Agglutinins; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D003450:Cryoglobulins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; D012110:Reserpine; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor; D006145:Guanethidine