title: A comparison of circling models for the detection of antiparkinson activity.
abstract: Apomorphine, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, nomifensine, ET495 and amantadine each induced a dose-dependent stereotyped behaviour in the rat. L-Dopa was inactive in the absence of any pretreatment. The behaviour induced by apomorphine, methylphenidate, nomifensine and amantadine persisted following pretreatment with a-methylparatyrosine. However, only the effect of apomorphine developed following combined pretreatment with reserpine/a-methylparatyrosine. The effects of all stereotypic agents were inhibited by haloperidol, apomorphine, methylphenidate and nomifensine being most resistant. All agents, including L-Dopa, induced a dose-dependent contralateral circling behaviour in animals with asymmetric lesion of the medial raphé nucleus and a dose-dependent ipsilateral circling after unilateral lesion of the substantia nigra. Following unilateral lesions in the ventromedial area of the medial forebrain bundle (medial to the substantia nigra and carrying 5-hydroxytryptamine neurones) amphetamine caused an ipsilateral circling behaviour, amantadine a behaviour which was characterised by definite bursts in either direction, and all other agents caused contralateral circling.
mesh_terms: D000547:Amantadine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology; D008781:Methyltyrosines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012399:Rotation; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000502:physiology; D013787:Thalamic Nuclei / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008781:Methyltyrosines; D010879:Piperazines; D008774:Methylphenidate; D007980:Levodopa; D012110:Reserpine; D000547:Amantadine; D006220:Haloperidol; D001058:Apomorphine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine