title: Ammonia formation and amino acid excretion by Gyrocotyle fimbriata (Cestoidea).
abstract: Gyrocotyle fimbriata isolated from the spiral valve of Hydrolagus colliei were washed, then held in a filtered seawater-penicillin-Tris buffer medium. Ammonia and urea release to the medium declined together and ammonia production was minimal when the urea concentration was below detectable limits. Alanine and smaller amounts of glycine were released to the medium at a more constant rate. After 12 hr the alanine-glycine excretion was more than 20 times the ammonia excretion. L-arginine, L-serine, L-histidine, and urea were most effective in stimulating ammonia production by whole worms; other L-amino acids were essentially ineffective. L-glutamate dehydrogenase, L-amino acid oxidase, uricase, and ornithine transcarbamylase were below detectable levels. L-serine dehydrase, L-arginase, L-histidase, and urease were detected in tissue homogenates and probably account for most of the endogenous ammonia production. L-arginase has a molecular weight of 28,000 by Sehpadex gel filtration. The high levels of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and lower levels of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase correlate with the high level of alanine excretion. It is concluded that (1) ammonia production is not strongly linked to the overall energy metabolism of Gyrocotyle and is probably a result of a series of unrelated enzymatic reactions such as the action of urease of urea from the tissue of the rat fish, and (2) alanine and glycine are the major nitrogen excretory products and their production is linked to the energy metabolism of Gyrocotyle.
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000619:Aminohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000641:Ammonia / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002589:Cestoda / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005399:Fishes / Q000469:parasitology; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006638:Histidine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D012695:L-Serine Dehydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D014503:Urate Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism; D014510:Urease / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D014503:Urate Oxidase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D014510:Urease; D001119:Arginase; D000619:Aminohydrolases; D012695:L-Serine Dehydratase; D006638:Histidine Ammonia-Lyase