title: Phylogeny of functional humoral transplantation immunity: comparative studies in amphibians and rodents.
abstract: Remarkably comparable observations from parallel experiments in salamanders and mice utilizing three related model systems (implant-induced immunomanipulation; passive transfer; and putative B cell suppression) argue directly that functional humoral transplantation immunity is highly developed at the phylogenetic level of Amphibia and that it plays a major role in regulating graft survival in these species (Fig. 4). Although it is still conjectural whether such humoral immunity and weak H-antigens evolved concurrently, the argument that enhancing atibodies evolved exclusively in viviparous species to protect the fetus from potential rejection by the maternal immune system no longer seems tenable (1).
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D051379:Mice / Q000276:immunology*; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014562:Caudata / Q000276:immunology*; D014981:Xenopus / Q000276:immunology*