title: Studies on digitalis. III. Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of digitoxin and its cardioactive metabolites.
abstract: Simultaneous serum, urine, and bile measurements of digitoxin and its cardioactive metabolites were preformed in 5 cholecystectomized patients with T tube drainage. A 86Rb method was used for serum and urine analysis. The recovery of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites in two extractions with dichloromethane was 93%; 7% was left in bile. Peak bile concentrations had a mean value of 41.6 ng/ml and were seen after 15 to 60 min. Bile concentration was higher than serum and urine concentration after 24 hr. Mean T/2 of serum elimination was 4.3 days and 8.1 days in 5 control subjects (p less than 0.01). Mean urine concentration T/2 was 10.4 days and 7.2 days in the control subjects (not significant). Mean bile concentration T/2 was 3.5 days. Urinary excretion of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites was the same in the two groups. The biliary fistula group excreted 22.5% in urine and bile of a dose after 8 days, whereas it was 15.8% in the control subjects. The ratio between the cumulative excretion in urine and bile varied between 1.6 and 2.2. These findings demonstrate that direct interruption of the enterohepatic circulation leads to a marked reduction in serum half-time of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites, but T/2 is still longer than for other glycosides, indicating that factors other than the enterohepatic circulation are of importance in the slow elimination of digitoxin.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D001658:Biliary Fistula / Q000378:metabolism; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002769:Cholelithiasis; D004074:Digitoxin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012413:Rubidium
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D004074:Digitoxin; D012413:Rubidium