Negative reinforcing properties of some psychotropic drugs in drug-naive rhesus monkeys.
Rhesus monkeys, previously trained to avoid electric shock, pressed a lever to extinguish a light associated with an intravenous drug infusion scheduled to occur 30 seconds after the onset of the light.  Each response when the light was on terminated the light for a 1-minute time-out period (avoidance); a response during the infusion terminated the infusion (escape).  Under these conditions the monkeys tolerated a high number of saline infusions.  Saline was replaced by different doses of chlorpromazine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and pentobarbital each for six successive daily 2-hour sessions.  Infusions of chlorpromazine (5.0-20 mug/kg/infusion) or LSD (1.0-2.5 mug/kg/infusion) generated and maintained avoidance/escape behavior, whereas most of the infusions of pentobarbital (10-100 mu/kg/infusion) were tolerated.  In rhesus monkeys with no previous drug experience, chlorpromazine and LSD, but not pentobartital, have negative reinforcing properties.
D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004597:Electroshock; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013997:Time Factors
D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; D010424:Pentobarbital; D002746:Chlorpromazine