title: Flecked retina. Appearance secondary to oxalate crystals from methoxyflurane anesthesia.
abstract: Calcium oxalate crystals were demonstrated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of a 66-year old white man with changes in the fundus oculi consistent with the flecked retina ayndrome. The patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis, mild hypertension, and mild renal insufficiency presumed due to his hypertension. He underwent prolonged abdominal surgery under methoxyflurane anesthesia, following which he developed acute irreversible renal failure. Calcium oxalate crystals were demonstrated postoperatively in a kidney biopsy specimen. He subsequently was maintained on renal dialysis with decreasing renal function. Several weeks before his death fundus examination revealed a picture suggestive of a flecked retina syndrome. At autopsy, widespread oxalosis was found including crystals in the RPE and in some areas in the neural retina and cillary epithelium.
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects; D001344:Autopsy; D001706:Biopsy; D002118:Calcium; D003460:Crystallization; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000032:analysis / Q000473:pathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D008733:Methoxyflurane / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010070:Oxalates / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012168:Retinal Pigments; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D012168:Retinal Pigments; D008733:Methoxyflurane; D002118:Calcium