title: Effort as a dimension of spontaneous activity in rats.
abstract: The relationship between effort and voluntary activity was studied in a braked running wheel and a voluntary treadmill. Effort was manipulated by varying the torque required to turn the wheel and by changing the angle of inclination of the treadmill. In both situations distance run was a linear decreasing function of effort, and work accomplished was a nonmonotonic increasing function of effort. These findings are discussed in relation to responsivity and regulatory views of the genesis of spontaneous activity.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001835:Body Weight; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D005082:Physical Exertion; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors