title: Parthenogenic development after chemical treatment of Xenopus laevis spermatozoa.
abstract: Eggs of Xenopus laevis were fertilized in vitro by spermatozoa pre-treated with various concentrations of aziridinyl urea (ethyleneurea) for between 30 and 120 minutes. At 2 and 4 mg/ml for 30 minutes there was a high incidence of abnormal embryos, few of which developed into tadpoles; after 6 and 8 mg/ml no tadpoles were produced. However, the highest concentration 10 mg/ml, yielded 66% of tadpoles, only 7% of which were obviously abnormal. With increasing time the same pattern of events was obtained except for a displacement towards the lower concentration ranges. Tadpoles developing from these latter experiments were found to be haploid. The results resemble those obtained by exposure of Rana pipiens spermatozoa to X-rays and ultraviolet light, with the production of gynogenetic embryos, usually referred to as the Hertwig effect.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001388:Aziridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002498:Centrifugation; D003078:Colchicine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006238:Haploidy; D007814:Larva; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis; D010063:Ovum / Q000166:cytology; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D001388:Aziridines; D014508:Urea; D003078:Colchicine