title: Human volunteer and anthropomorphic dummy tests of driver air cushion system.
abstract: The dynamic impact tests at Southwest Research Institute for the first time exposed human volunteers to production-like driver air cushion system depolyments at impact levels equivalent to a 30 mph barrier crash (48 kph). No significant injury was produced. At no time was it necessary for the secondary restraint systems to be utilized and the entire program schedule was carried out as planned. All tests were conducted under the most safe and controlled conditions possible, and typify only what the air cushions might accomplish in direct, head-on impacts up to 30 mph (48 kph). In comparing the test results, the anthropomorphic dummies' response to impact was conservative compared to the human volunteers. These and other human volunteer tests were run to help understand what might be expected in real world driving conditions. To further understand the value of this new safety system, 1000 1973 Chevrolets were built and places in a high mileage fleet across the couhtry. They now have accumulated 41 millions miles of experience and have had 15 accidents of sufficient severity that the air cushion depolyed. This fleet was followed with 1974 vehicles with air cushions sold to the general public as an option. These cars, combined with the test fleet, have accumulated approximately 60 million miles and have a total of 25 depolyments with 34 occupants in the front seat. There has been one fatality in accidents involving these vehicles, a seven week old baby boy. The child was not restrained in any protective carrier. All other injuries have been classified AIS-1 except for three AIS-2. Facial injuries have been very minimal and there have been no known hearing impairments as a result of these accident situations. To date, the results have been encouraging but caution must be taken in their interpretation. The population of drivers is not to be considered normal. The 60 million miles may appear to be a large number, but only represents 25 minutes of driving time of the total U.S. car population in 1 year.
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001333:Automobile Driver Examination; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001336:Automobiles; D001824:Body Constitution; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008824:Michigan; D010808:Physical Examination; D011482:Protective Devices; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase