Some considerations of ocular rotations.
Our eyes and their extraocular motility muscles are a marvelously engineered system for external data gathering. On teleological grounds alone, it would appear that ocular versions and rotations take place, in many cases, along geodesics of least energy and that paths of higher energy are only taken for reasons of binocular near vision. This paper examines ocular versions and rotations from this viewpoint and "explains" Listings' and Donders' laws and also uses a model eye to demonstrate some resulting consequences. Finally, a common misconception about eye movements is laid to rest, and a suggestion made for further laboratory corroboration.
D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D013816:Thermodynamics