title: A review of the role of lymphography in the management of testicular tumours.
abstract: The pedal lymphographic findings in 260 patients with testicular tumours are reviewed: 117 patients had a seminoma, 105 had a teratoma and 38 combined tumours. 26 percent of seminomas were associated with a positive lymphogram, corresponding figures being 42 percent for teratomas and 53 percent for combined tumours. The role of the lymphogram is (1) to stage the case so that the extent and form of the treatment can be logically assessed, (2) to plan accurately radiotherapy treatment fields, (3) to observe the results of treatment on serial follow-up films, (4) to detect the recurrence of tumour using "re-fill" lymphography if necessary, (5) to show possible unsuspected metastases involving supraclavicular and mediastinal glands, and (6) to give a prognosis, since a negative lymphogram suggests an excellent chance of survival. Three main types of lymphographic appearances are recognized: nodal, mass replacement and "pseudo-lymphomatous". Nodal deposits are most common. Most positive findings are in the para-aortic chain on the same side as the tumour. Iliac involvement is much less common. Seminomas in this series showed a 96 percent crude three-year survival rate. For teratomas and combined tumours the three-year survival rates were 59 percent and 61 percent respectively, but deaths are uncommon in the lymphographically negative Stage I cases. Bone deposits are rare. Only two were found in this series. We do not perform testicular lymphography, but consider there is a useful role for inferior venacavography when there is poor filling of upper para-aortic nodes at lymphography. The importance of taking follow-up films after the initial examination is stressed.
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002369:Castration; D004407:Dysgerminoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008220:Lymphography; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011379:Prognosis; D013724:Teratoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D013997:Time Factors