[Treatment of severe digitalis-intoxication in suicidal attempt (author's transl)].
4 patients tried to commit suicide by ingestion of 45 to 100 tablets of digoxin (Lanicor 0,25 mg) and acteyldigoxin (Novodigal 0,2 mg) respectively. In all patients cardiac arrhythmias occurred including 3 rd degree av-block, tachyarrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation which was lethal in two patients. After a short period hyperkaliaemia a rapid decrease of potassium in the serum was observed 3-12 hours after administration of digoxin. This loss of potassium was due to an increased excretion of potassium and sodium in the urine. It is thought that a reversible tubular leakage is responsible for the loss of electrolytes by the kidney rather than an inhibition of the ATPase in kidney tissue. From our observations the following therapy scheme for digitalis-intoxication is recommended: 1. Gastric lavage and administration of absorbents (charcoal, cholestyramin) in order to decrease the absorption of the glycosides and to interrupt the enterohepatic circulation. 2. Substitution of electrolytes by infusions and by oral route to balance sodium and potassium levels in the serum. 3. Administration of diphenylhydantoin for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. 4. Implantation of a temporary pacemaker for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias especially for the management of bradycardias. 5. Plasmapheresis to lower the glycosid concentration in the heart muscle and in other tissues.
D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D002606:Charcoal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004077:Digoxin / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D005751:Gastric Lavage; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D011041:Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D011188:Potassium / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine; D012964:Sodium / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine; D013405:Suicide; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
D002606:Charcoal; D010672:Phenytoin; D004077:Digoxin; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
Verlauf und Behandlung von schweren Digitalisintoxikationen in suizidaler Absicht