Structure-activity relationships in tryptophanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase from beef pancreas. Influence of the alkylation of the sulfhydryl groups on the dimer-monomer equilibrium.
Upon reaction with N-ethylmaleimide, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas dissociates into subunits. At pH7, the rate of the dissociation is close to both the reaction rate of the buried--SH groups and the rate of inactivation (Iborra, F., Mourgeon, G., Labouesse B., and Labouesse, J. (1973) Eur. J. Biochem. 39, 547-556). The pH and enzyme concnetration dependences of the reaction rate of the 16 cysteinyl residues of the enzyme as well as that of its inactivation support the idea that inactivation by alkylation of the--SH groups is due essentially to the dissociation of the protein into inactive subunits and not to the chemical blocking of a catalytic residue. This is confirmed by the independence on N-ethylmaleimide concentration of the reaction of the buried--SH groups and of the inactivation of the enzyme at high N-ethylmaleimide concentration. The dissociation becomes in this case the rate-limiting step of the chemical reaction. The monomeric structure is stabilized by the blocking of the--SH groups exposed during the dissociation. The dissociation constant of the dimeric enzyme is progressively increased during the alkylation. The tightness of the associated structure depends on the protonation of groups titrating between pH 7 and pH 9.
D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005033:Ethylmaleimide; D007700:Kinetics; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014369:Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase / Q000378:metabolism
D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; D014369:Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase; D005033:Ethylmaleimide