Treatment of chronic uremic patients with protein-poor diet and oral supply of essential amino acids. II. Clinical results of long-term treatment.
Twenty-six uremic patients - serum urea nitrogen (SUN) 110 MG/100 ml plus or minus 22.8 (mean plus or minus SD), serum cretinine (S-Creat) 13.2 mg/100 ml plus or minus 2.27, ratio SUN/S-Creat 8.6 plus or minus 2.26, and endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) 3.86 plus or minus 1.41 ml/min - were treated for three months or longer with an unselected protein-poor (16-20 g protein/day) diet with oral supply of the essential amino acids including histidine in high doses as coated tablets. The amino acids were instituted after an initial diet only period (mean 0.4 months). The average treatment time was 8.4 months (range 2.7-33.6). An improvement of the general condition was obtained, persisting for several months. SUN and SUN/S-Creat decreased on the diet alone, continued to decrease after one month, and increased slightly again after three months of treatment, but did not reach the initial levels for several months in spite of an almost doubled nitrogen intake. S-Creat increased after six months indicating a further deterioration of the renal function. In patients with initially low serum total protein (smaller than 6.5 g/100 ml, 9 patients), albumin (smaller than 3.5 g/100 ml, 10 patients), and total iron-binding capacity (smaller than 260 mug/100 ml, 11 patients) the values increased after one month on amino acids and were thereafter stable. No signs of bleeding tendency, progressive muscle atrophy, or progressive peripheral neuropathy were observed. - Five patients died due to cardiovascular maladies. A further 13 patients were withdrawn for medical reasons (overhydration, 4 patients; hypertension, 1 patient; nausea and vomiting, 7 patients; and pericarditis, 1 patient). - The renal function improved in one patient. Four patients received home dialysis training, three a kidney transplant. - The results indicate that it is possible to keep severely uremic patients free from uremic symptoms, counteract protein depletion, and even improve the nutritional status during long-term treatment with an unselected protein-poor diet supplementd with essential amino acids.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001834:Body Water; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014511:Uremia / Q000178:diet therapy*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D001639:Bicarbonates; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D010710:Phosphates; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins; D003404:Creatinine; D007501:Iron; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium