Kinetics of histone methylation in vivo and its relation to the cell cycle in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
The appearance of methylated lysines in newly synthesized histones from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was measured during one generation time. Newly synthesized histones were pulse-labeled in vivo by L-[3H]lysine, and the time course of the uptake of label into monomethyl, dimethyl and trimethyllysine from gel-electrophoretically isolated histones F2a1 (H4) and F3 (H3) was followed. Methylation starts immediately after histone biosynthesis. It proceeds, however, more slowly than histone synthesis. Both the rate of methylation and the mechanism of methylation in F3 and F2a1 histones differ. F3 methylation can be described by a first-order reaction, i.e. the reaction rate depends only on the concentration of free methylation sites available. Rate constants of approximately 0.21 h-1 were found for all three methylation steps. Methylation in the F2a1 histone proceeds more slowly than in F3. The dimethylation step in this fraction can be described by a zero-order reaction with a rate constant which is the reciprocal of the duration of the DNA synthesis phase. Alternatively this step could be correlated with the transition of the cells from the S phase into the G2 phase. By the end of one generation time all methylation sites in all F2a1 and F3 molecules are occupied by methyl groups at a ratio of about 1:3:1 for monomethyl, dimethyl and trimethyllysine in the F3 histone. In the F2a1 molecule the methyllysines consist mainly of dimethyllysine.
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D013997:Time Factors
D000596:Amino Acids; D006657:Histones; D008239:Lysine