The relation of soluble lead to toxicity: an in vitro analysis.
Cells of human origin maintained in vitro in a phosphate-free medium (PFM) remain viable for over 24 h but lose viability rapidly in the presence of soluble lead.  The threshold for this loss of viability is less than 1 ppm.  In the presence of Ca-2+ in high concentrations, the cells maintain their viability.  These data suggest that soluble lead is far more toxic than particulate lead, and that the protective action of the Ca-2+ ion in lead toxicity is not on a specific cell type.
D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors
D007854:Lead; D002118:Calcium