Effect of oral contraceptive agents on nutrients: II. Vitamins.
Clinical, biochemical and nutritional data were collected from a large population of women using oral contraceptive agents. Higher incidence of abnormal clinical signs related to malnutrition were observed in the lower (B) as compared to the higher (A) socioeconomic groups, and also in the nonsupplemented groups as compared to the supplemented groups in the B subjects. As a rule the intake of oral contraceptive agent subjects of vitamin A, C, B6 and folic acid did not differ from that of the controls As expected, subjects from the supplemented groups had higher intake of vitamin A, C, B6, thiamin, riboflavin and folic acid, and A groups had higher intake of vitamin C, B6, riboflavin and folic acid. Increased plasma vitamin A and decreased carotene levels were observed in oral contraceptive agent users. In general oral contraceptive agents had little or no effect on plasma ascorbic acid. Urinary excretion of both thiamin and riboflavin in subjects using oral contraceptive agents were lower in A groups. Erythrocyte folate and plasma pyridoxal phosphate was decreased in A groups due to oral contraceptive agents. Subjects who took supplements had higher levels of plasma vitamin A, ascorbic acid and folate. But urinary thiamin and riboflavin were higher only in group A subjects who took supplements.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008656:Mestranol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D011736:Pyridoxine; D012256:Riboflavin; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013831:Thiamine; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000378:metabolism
D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D014801:Vitamin A; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D005492:Folic Acid; D008656:Mestranol; D011736:Pyridoxine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D009640:Norethindrone; D012256:Riboflavin; D013831:Thiamine