[Present status of experimental animals in Japan (author's transl)].
The movement for modernization of experimental animals in Japan started around 1950. Since that time, a quarter of a century has passed. This article outlines the present status of experimental animals in Japan and makes comparisons with various other countries. Number of animals used: According to three surveys performed in the past (1956, 1960 and 1970), the numbers used of many species are increasing (Table 1). However, it can not be said simply that the numbers are increasing every year. Taking the United States where surveys are performed every year as an example (Table 3), it is evident that the peaks for use of some species are past (the same tendencies were seen in India and Sweden which have conducted more than four surveys in the past (Table 4). The same tendencies would probably also be seen in Japan if surveys were conducted annually. Quality of animals: It is easy to procure genetically and microbiologically controlled rats and mice. However, investigations into the establishment, production and supply of other species of such high quality are insufficient. This situation is almost the same as that in European countries. Miscellaneous: The present status of other items related to experimental animals is as follows: Facilities and equipment: Higher level facilities were first provided in companies, followed by testing and research institutes. At present, medical universities are providing such facilities. Feed: Pellet type diets are widely used for the various species. Care and management: In April, 1974, "The Law for the Protection and Control of Animals" came into force. This law includes regulations concerning animal experimentation but investigations concerning these standards have just begun. Training of technicians and specialists: The Japan Experimental Animal Research Association provides a correspondence course, tests and recognition for technicians. About 10 veterinary colleges have undergraduate or postgraduate courses for the training of specialists but these are elective except in two or three cases.
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D001001:Anura; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D002415:Cats; D002417:Cattle; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D006224:Cricetinae; D004285:Dogs; D005060:Europe; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006041:Goats; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006736:Horses; D007194:India; D007557:Israel; D007564:Japan; D007753:Laboratories; D007886:Legislation, Veterinary; D051379:Mice; D011323:Primates; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012455:Salamandridae; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce