Effect of carbonated beverages and of an antiemetic containing carbohydrate and phosphoric acid on riboflavin bioavailability and salicylamide biotransformation in humans.
Two carbohydrate-phosphoric acid solutions, one a widely used beverage (Solution C) and the other a pharmaceutical product used as an antiemetic (Solution E), administered together with riboflavin-5'-phosphate or salicylamide to healthy human adults, significantly increased the bioavailability of riboflavin and appreciably altered the metabolic fate of salicylamide (increased conversion to the sulfate and decreased formation of the glucuronide). A beverage containing phosphoric acid but no carbohydrates (Solution T) also increased the bioavailability of riboflavin but not as much as Solution C. These effects are attributed to a decrease of the gastric emptying rate caused by carbohydrates and phosphoric acid, consistent with the empirical use of Solution C syrup and Solution E as antinauseants and antiemetics. The results demonstrate also that the choice of beverage to be taken with medication can affect the bioavailability and/or metabolic fate of medicinals with saturable absorption and/or biotransformation characteristics.
D000328:Adult; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001628:Beverages; D001682:Biological Availability; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000187:drug effects; D002214:Capsules; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012457:Salicylamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D012996:Solutions; D013997:Time Factors
D000932:Antiemetics; D002214:Capsules; D002241:Carbohydrates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012457:Salicylamides; D012996:Solutions; D012256:Riboflavin