Role of anion translocation across the mitochondrial membrane in the regulation of urea synthesis from ammonia by isolated rat hepatocytes.
The regulation of urea synthesis from ammonia was investigated using isolated hepatocytes from fasted rats. Addition of ammonia alone produced only a small increase of urea formation, which was stimulated 2-fold by ornithine in conjunction with a fall of ATP levels and an accumulation of citrulline. Further addition of oleate or beta-hydroxybutyrate produced an additional 2-fold stimulation of urea formation to approximately 200 mumol/g dry weight/hour. The presence of oleate also protected against the inhibitory effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on urea synthesis and the cellular ATP content. The data suggest that both the rate of of energy production and the rate of generation of reducing equivalents from endogensou substrates are insufficient to meet the requirements for optimal rates of urea synthesis. Urea formation from NH3 in the presence of ornithine and oleate, but iin the absence of gluconeogenic precursors, was inhibited by butylmalonate, a known inhibitor of malate-phosphate exchange across the mitochondrial membrane, and stimulated by  theaddition of malate and other dicarboxylic acids and amino acids to the cell suspension...
D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000625:Aminooxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002956:Citrulline / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003523:Cycloserine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008314:Malonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008566:Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D014508:Urea / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D000090:Acetoacetates; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D008314:Malonates; D000625:Aminooxyacetic Acid; D002956:Citrulline; D000641:Ammonia; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D014508:Urea; D003523:Cycloserine