[Clinic and therapy of the so-called hyperosmolar syndrome in childhood (author's transl)].
The so-called hyperosmolar syndrome is the most severe form of imbalance of osmolarity. From 1971 to May 1973 we observed 27 children with this disturbance, which until recently had mortality rate up to 30%. In the presented material the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of the excessive hyperosmolar syndrome in childhood is discussed. The rapid establishment of clinical diagnosis supported by laboratory findings is necessary to start immediate and effective therapy. Prophylaxis and treatment of cerebral edema with dexamethasone is of equal importance to primary emergency therapy and reanimation. This new therapeutic concept has proved to be excellent in the treatment of the disturbance. 2 of 27 children died: One of these presented on admission with sign of irreversible brain damage, while the other developed the clinical picture of severe subdural hematome during the phase of rehydration.
D000138:Acidosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003911:Dextrans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005392:First Aid; D005947:Glucose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis
D001639:Bicarbonates; D002712:Chlorides; D003911:Dextrans; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium
Hyperosmolares Syndrom im Kindesalter. Klinisches Bild und Therapie