title: [Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the potassium balance with special reference to infusion therapy].
abstract: Following a short review of the physiological regulation of body potassium diagnostic procedures to detect disturbances in potassium balance are cited. The limited value of serum potassium concentration is emphasized. Possible caused of potassium deficiency and prophylactic measures to prevent negative potassium balance are summarized including oral and parenteral potassium administration. A synopsis of the causes of hyperkalemia is followed by a description of therapeutical measures. Chronic hyperkalemia may be treated by oral or rectal administration of ion-exchange resins, while acute lifethreatening hyperkalemia is corrected by infusion of isotonic saline, glucose and insulin, and calcium gluconate as well as by correction of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate. In patients with intact renal function these measures will generally result in rapid correction of increased serum potassium levels.
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000284:Administration, Oral; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005942:Gluconates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000628:therapy*; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D005942:Gluconates; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D002118:Calcium
vernacular_title: Diagnose und Behandlung von Störungen des Kaliumhaushalts unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Infusionstherapie