title: Intravenous regional analgesia using bupivacaine.
abstract: Intravenous regional analgesia using bupivacaine (Marcain) was employed as the anaesthetic technique in a series of 50 cases undergoing a variety of surgical procedures on the upper limb. A short pilot study was undertaken to determine the optimal dosage and concentration of bupivacaine. This was found to be 1-5 mg/kg in 0-2% concentration and proved suitable for all patients regardless of age or physical condition. The use of bupivacaine produced highly successful results in 98% of cases. Onset of analgesia was very rapid (3-5 minutes) and profound muscular relaxation occurred in approximately half of the cases. The degree of muscle relaxation was, however, always adequate for the successful reduction of fractures. Only one patient exhibited an adverse reaction to the dose of bupivacaine used and this was limited to a brief period of slight drowsiness. The results of this series suggest that bupivacaine may provide advantages over previously used local analgesic agents for intravenous regional analgesia and that it may be the agent of choice for this useful technique.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001132:Arm / Q000601:surgery; D001835:Body Weight; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014111:Tourniquets
chemical_list: D002045:Bupivacaine