title: Degradation of ioxynil and bromoxynil as measured by a modified spectrophotometric method.
abstract: A modified spectrophotometric method was developed to estimate ioxynil and bromoxynil residues. The method when compared with a 14C-tracer method was less sensitive but allowed rapid and accurate estimation of the herbicides. A clay loam soil with high organic matter content, which degraded ioxynil completely to CO2, also degraded bromoxynil completely. Bromoxynil degradation proceeded at a faster rate than that of ioxynil. The half-life of degradation was estimated to be 7 days for bromoxynil and 9-10 days for ioxynil. However, soil microorganisms which degraded ioxynil either completely to CO2 or partially did not seem to completely degrade bromoxynil. Degradation products from bromoxynil were detected on thin-layer chromatograms of extracts from pure cultures containing an exogenous carbon source. Complete degradation of bromoxynil and ioxynil in soil could be due to the action of different microorganisms.
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D005848:Geotrichum / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000378:metabolism; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated / Q000378:metabolism; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000378:metabolism*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; D009570:Nitriles; D002245:Carbon Dioxide