title: [The microbial flora in the digestive tract of the monogastric and its effect on the nutritional metabolism of the host].
abstract: The purpose of the present article is to give a survey of present knowledge of the ecological relationships between the various bacterial populations composing the microflora of the digestive tract of the host animal. Analysis of the relationships can be made with the aid of recent techniques: utilization of axenic animals (germ-free) and of gnotoxenic animals inoculated with known bacterial populations; perfecting of bacteriological techniques for the quantitative differential analysis of the various bacterial populations in the digestive tract, especially in the case of strictly anaerobic species. Some characteristics of the equilibrium between the various bacterial populations in the different segments of the gastro-intestinal tract have been described as well as some of the mechanisms which regulate this equilibrium. These mechanisms either imply interactions between bacteria or the action of the host animal and the environment on the microflora. Lastly, various examples concerning the action of the microflora in the digestive tract on the nutritional physiology of the host animal are given; action on the anatomy of the digestive tract and on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and vitamins.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000382:microbiology*; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008938:Mitosis; D013552:Swine; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism; D014805:Vitamin B 12; D014812:Vitamin K
chemical_list: D014812:Vitamin K; D014508:Urea; D007785:Lactose; D014805:Vitamin B 12
vernacular_title: La flore microbienne du tube digestif chez le monogastrique et son influence sur les métabolismes nutritionnels de l'hôte