Biotransformation and toxicity of local anesthetics.
The biotransformation of clinically important ester- and amide-type local anesthetic agents is reviewed with emphasis on their fate in man. Aspects considered include: 1 degree the contribution of biotransformation to overall pharmokinetic profiles and systemic safety; 2 degrees the effect of disease on biotransformation; 3 degrees biotransformation and fate in the neonate; 4 degrees pathways and products of biotransformation; 5 degrees pharmacokinetics of metabolites; 6 degrees pharmacological activity and toxicity of metabolites.
D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003042:Cocaine