title: The amenorrhoea-galactorrhea syndrome: present diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
abstract: Recent progress in the field of radioimmunology, especially as regards prolactin (PRL) assay, as well as the use of new drugs have opened new perspectives for a better understanding of the "amenorrhoea-galactorrhea syndrome" both from the diagnostic and therapeutic points of view. This syndrome which formerly was considered infrequent, is now observed more and more often, perhaps as a result of the more widespread use of drugs such as phenothiazines, reserpine derivatives, alpha-methyldopa and tricyclic antidepressants, as well as owing to the large-scale use of estrogens and above all of estrogen-progestogen contraceptives. The problems of etiopathogenesis and management of the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome are complicated by the fact that a variety of factors are responsible, as is shown also by the classical nosographic classification with the Forbes-Albright syndrome in the presence of a pituitary tumour, the Chiari-Frommel syndrome of amenorrhea-galactorrhea following pregnancy, and the Argonz-del Castillo-Ahumada syndrome in the absence of lither pregnancy or tumor.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004873:Ergolines / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D005687:Galactorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007775:Lactation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D010905:Pituitary Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D011388:Prolactin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D004873:Ergolines; D010905:Pituitary Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormones; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
vernacular_title: La sindrome amenorrea-galatorrea: prospettive diagnostiche e terapeutiche attuali