title: Operative nephroscopy.
abstract: Renal endoscopy has been made possible, practical and safe by technical advances in instrumentation. Operative nephroscopy has become a uniquely valuable adjunct to stone operations, especially for caliceal calculi, but does not permit the surgeon to dispense with operative x-rays. Further, it has extended out horizons in the management of intrarenal hematuria and of low grade tumors of the renal collecting system. We suggest that the rigid right-angled nephroscope in use today be referred to as the Leadbetter nehroscope in recognition of that pioneer's original conception for its design.
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006417:Hematuria / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography