title: An ultrasensitive isometric force transducer for single smooth muscle cell mechanics.
abstract: The principles of operation, design, and performance of a differential photooptical transducer of very high sensitivity are described. Useful range is 10-2,000 mugf with sufficiently low drift to allow recordings of contractile responses of isolated single smooth muscle cells. Comparison with several previous designs is presented.
mesh_terms: D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D014159:Transducers