title: Visual adaptation: effects of externally applied retinal on the light-adapted, isolated skate retina.
abstract: Incubation with externally applied 11-cis retinal induces a marked increase of visual sensitivity within partially bleached skate photoreceptors. This activity of 11-cis retinal is duplicated by 9-cis retinal, but not by all-trans retinal. The sensitization of photoreceptors promoted by 11-cis and 9-cis retinal is accompanied by the formation of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin, respectively.
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D005123:Eye / Q000294:innervation; D005399:Fishes; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008027:Light; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014785:Vision, Ocular; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments; D014801:Vitamin A; D012243:Rhodopsin; D012172:Retinaldehyde