title: A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. XIV. Effects of N'-nitrosonornicotine and N'-nitrosonanabasine in rats.
abstract: N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) were synthesized and administered in drinking water to male Fischer rats for 30 weeks (total dose, 630 mg). 1,4-Dinitrosopiperazine (DNPI) served as the positive control. By 11 months, all surviving rats given NNN developed esophageal tumors (12/20); 1 had a pharyngeal tumor and 3 had invasive carcinomas originating in the nasal cavity. During the same time, only 1 of 20 rats given NAB developed esophageal tumors. Compared to the strong esophageal carcinogen DNPI, NNN was a moderately active and NAB a weak carcinogen. NNN (0.3-90 parts per million) in chewing tobacco was related to the observation that cancer of the oral cavity and esophagus in man was correlated with the chewing of tobacco.
mesh_terms: D000691:Anabasine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D002273:Carcinogens; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced; D009538:Nicotine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012142:Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012907:Smoking; D014026:Nicotiana; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D010879:Piperazines; D010880:Piperidines; D009538:Nicotine; D000691:Anabasine