title: Direct diagnostic thoracoscopy.
abstract: Direct diagnostic thoracoscopy under general anesthesia using the mediastinoscope or bronchoscope has been done in 40 patients. No deaths or serious morbidity occurred. We recommend the use of this technique when other efforts fail to establish a diagnosis in patients with pleural disease.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020680:Bronchoscopes; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020707:Mediastinoscopes; D008875:Middle Aged; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020708:Thoracoscopes; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*