The role of enteric hormones in glucose homeostasis.
A brief review  is given of the large numbers of hormones in the pancreas and gut. The concept of the 'entero-insular' axis is discussed and a critical appraisal is given of the claims for various proposed insulinotropic gut hormones. Gastric-inhibitory polypeptide appears at the present time to occupy a leading role in the entero-insular axis. Glucagon-like substances and vasoactive intestinal peptide are of importance in glucose homeostasis by having direct effects on carbohydrate metabolism. The study of the release of gut hormones after food ingestion would indicate that pancreatic glucagon exerts control on glucose hemeostasis during food ingestion, whereas gastric-inhibitory polypeptide may regulate insulin secretion after eating.
D000818:Animals; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005755:Gastrins / Q000378:metabolism; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012633:Secretin / Q000378:metabolism
D005755:Gastrins; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D012633:Secretin; D005934:Glucagon; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D005947:Glucose