title: Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of ethephon and fenoprop residues in apples and their decline before and after harvest.
abstract: Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) and fenoprop (2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid) may be determined in the same apple sample. After extraction with methanol, 2 separate methylation procedures were required to quantitatively convert each compound. Ethephon was esterified with diazomethane and analyzed by a flame photometric detector in the P-mode. Fenoprop was esterified with boron trifluoride/methanol and analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography. Average recoveries were about 95% at 0.05 ppm for both compounds. The limit of detection was 0.05 ppm for ethephon and 0.01 ppm for fenoprop in a 1 g sample. The persistence of both compounds before and after harvest was studied. Ethephon and fenoprop were applied simultaneously to apple trees at the recommended concentrations of 300 and 20 ppm, respectively. Ethephon residues averaged 1.6, 0.75, and 0.4 ppm at 2 hr, 10 days, and after washing at 13 days, respectively. The corresponding fenoprop residues were 0.70, 0.025, and 0.024 ppm.
mesh_terms: D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005018:Ethyl Chloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000032:analysis*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D008832:Microchemistry; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012997:Solvents; D005018:Ethyl Chloride; D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C005073:ethephon