title: Effect of high doses of nicotine in pigs. I. Changes of the electrocardiogram.
abstract: Pigs in which venous catheters were positioned for long-term use were injected i.v. with high doses of nicotine in physiol. saline. The LD50 was 2.656 mg/kg body weight. Clinical symptoms were mainly: forced respiration, muscular tremor to tetanoid spasms, cyanosis of the skin, salivation and sometimes vomiting. The degree and duration of symptoms were dose-dependent. Ecg changes in anaesthesized pigs following intravenous nicotine injections of 0.126 mg/kg and 0.378 mg/kg at 15 minutes' interval were immediately commencing disturbances of the heart rate in form of bradycardia and asystolia. After 5 sec we observed extrasystoles, tachycardia, sino-auricular block and AV-block of first and second degree as well as a number of T- and P-changes. Changes of the ecg were observed generally for 10 to 15 min, however, the T-wave remained sometimes negative or biphasic-preterminal negative for some hours.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine