title: Both positive reinforcement and conditioned aversion from amphetamine and from apomorphine in rats.
abstract: Rats learned to press a lever for intravenous injections of amphetamine or apomorphine. They also learned to avoid the taste of saccharin which was associated with experimenter-administered amphetamine or with self-administered apomorphine. Thus these, and  presumably other, self-administered drugs serve as compound pharmacological stimuli, having both positively reinforcing and aversive properties.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D051381:Rats; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001058:Apomorphine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine