title: [Hypoglycemia. Part 4. General causes, physiological newborn hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia in various illnesses, metabolic deficiency, and metabolic error].
abstract: The possible causes for hypoglycemia are discussed in relation to the biochemical and metabolic basis of blood glucose regulation. The functional tests which are important for purposes of differential diagnosis are described in detail. Most cases of clinically important hypoglycemia are based on disfunctions of the regulatory endocrinological mechanisms necessary for prevention of hypoglycemia in the fasting state. The consequence, therefore, is a "starvation hypoglycemia". Ketosis during hypoglycemia is evaluated as a kind of "glucose-sparing-mechanism". It is observed in all cases, where the nutritional glucose supply is not sufficient. The common therapy in typical cases of starvation hypoglycemia is a carbohydrate rich and protein rich nutrition. Additionally, small and frequent meals are required for avoidance of starvation hypoglycemia. Whereas starvation hypoglycemia is frequently seen, so called reactive hypoglycemia is very rare. The following metabolic disorders lead to reactive hypoglycemia: leucinsensitive hypoglycemia, fructose intolerance, galactose intolerance, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Considering these cases special tolerance tests are required. With the usual routine test methods only leucin-sensitive hypoglycemia is diagnosed.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D007662:Ketosis / Q000150:complications; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000150:complications; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000150:complications; D013217:Starvation / Q000150:complications; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications
vernacular_title: Hypoglykämien Folge 4: Allgemeine Ursachen, "physiologische" Neugenborenen-Hypoglykämie, Hypoglykämie bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen, Mangel- und Fehlernährung