title: Plasma nicotine levels after cigarette smoking and chewing nicotine gum.
abstract: Plasma nicotine levels were measured over seven hours of smoking cigarettes (1-2 mg nicotine) in a single subject under standardised conditions, and were compared with the levels obtained from chewing-gum containing either 2 mg or 4 mg nicotine. Levels comparable to those resulting from smoking were not obtained with the 2-mg gum, but peak levels on the 4-mg gum averaged 40-1 ng/ml from the third gum onwards compared with 49-2ng/ml after cigarettes. Nicotine was absorbed much more slowly from the gum than from cigarettes. It took 15-30 minutes for the 4-mg gum to raise the plasma nicotine by an average of 11-9 ng/ml compared with an average increase of 27-8 ng/ml within two minutes of completing each cigarette. In a sample of 15 smokers attending a withdrawal clinic the average plasma nicotine concentration while taking 2-mg nicotine chewing-gum was only 10-8 ng/ml compared with 30-4 ng/ml two minutes after smoking a cigarette. Although plasma nicotine levels equivalent to those following cigarette smoking may be  obtained by chewing at least 10 pieces of 4-mg nicotine gum daily, the slower rate of absorption may limit its therapeutic value as a substitute for cigarette smoking.
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D009538:Nicotine