Competitive behavior and perceived aggression.
In groups of 39 males and 39 female undergraduates played a reaction-time game in which descriptions of a player's shock settings were constant or consistently below or above another player's; wins were varied. Ratings of aggression, offensiveness, positivity on semantic scales showed naive subjects considered the offensive or defensive nature of obseved behavior in making ratings.
D000374:Aggression; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D012931:Social Environment