title: Monitoring of heparin-induced anticoagulation with kaolin-activated clotting time in cardiac surgical patients treated with aprotinin.
abstract: High-dose aprotinin appears to enhance the anticoagulant effects of heparin, as documented by increases in the activated clotting times (ACTs) during cardiopulmonary bypass; hence, some authorities have advocated reducing the dose of heparin in patients treated with aprotinin. An in vitro study by our group suggested that the increase of the ACT in the presence of aprotinin and heparin may be due to the use of celite as surface activator. We compared celite and kaolin as surface activators for the measurement of the ACT in cardiac surgical patients treated with aprotinin and in patients given no aprotinin. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study included 30 patients, of whom 14 received aprotinin and 16 received a placebo. Before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass, the ACT was measured with two Hemochron 400 systems with 12 mg of either celite (C-ACT) or kaolin (K-ACT) used as surface activator and with one Hepcon HMS system (HR-ACT), which uses kaolin as activator. The latter also was used for measurement of the blood heparin concentration. The ACTs of blood without heparin did not differ between aprotinin and control patients. During anticoagulation with heparin and cardiopulmonary bypass, the average C-ACTs were 784 +/- 301 s (aprotinin) and 496 +/- 120 s (control) (P < .001); the K-ACTs were 502 +/- 131 s (aprotinin) and 458 +/- 101 s (control) (P > .05); the HR-ACTs were 406 +/- 87 s (aprotinin) and 423 +/- 82 s (control) (P > .05), which was consistently less than C-ACT and K-ACT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D014914:Whole Blood Coagulation Time
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin; D007611:Aprotinin