title: Etiology of spondylolisthesis.
abstract: The etiology of spondylolisthesis is multiple according to the type of the vertebral slipping. In fact all the following basic pathological processes may be involved: congenital malformation of the upper sacrum in the dysplastic spondylolisthesis; growth dysplasia of the vertebral arch in the "isthmic spondylolisthesis" where an hereditary background and mechanical stresses play a determining role; degenerative conditions of the intervertebral joints in "degenerative spondylolisthesis" of Newman or the "pseudospondylolisthesis" of Junghanns; infections and benign or malignant tumors destroying the articular bolt maintaining the vertebral line; traumatic lesions such as multiple fractures of the bony hook or much more rarely an isolated bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000150:complications; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics