title: Improved indirect fluorescence immunocytochemical method using counterstains.
abstract: Immunocytochemistry in recent years has provided powerful tools for research in neurobiology. One of the more popular techniques is the indirect fluorescence technique in which fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or tetrahodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) is used. Although widely used, this technique has two disadvantages: (1) localization may be difficult in relation to background morphology, and (2) the fluorescence fades. The study reported here describes a modification of an indirect immunocytochemical technique using FITC, TRITC and 7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA) which enhances localization and significantly prolongs fluorescence. Evans blue was used as a counterstain. The results show that FITC and AMCA stained cells are seen against a background of clearly distinguishable cells after counterstaining with Evans blue. However, Evans blue is not compatible with TRITC. In addition, the fluorescence life of the FITC is extended from several days to several weeks with Evans blue. These results clearly indicate that Evans blue can be used to improve indirect fluorescence immunocytochemical techniques.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003374:Coumarins; D005070:Evans Blue; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005724:Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism; D006737:Horseshoe Crabs; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012235:Rhodamines; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012235:Rhodamines; C009434:tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate; D005070:Evans Blue; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; C051029:7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid