title: Ultrastructure of sarcoballs on the surface of skinned amphibian skeletal muscle fibres.
abstract: The formation of sarcoballs on the surface of skinned fibres from semitendinosus muscles of Xenopus laevis, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum content of the structures, have been studied using conventional electron microscopic techniques and immunoelectron microscopy. Examination of the fibres showed many membrane-bound blebs projecting from the surface in areas where vesicles of internal membranes (including sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-tubules and mitochondria) were clustered in interfilament spaces. The blebs varied in size from 1 micron to 150 microns and those with diameters > 10 microns are referred to as sarcoballs. Small blebs were often seen in close association with each other and might have fused during sarcoball formation. The interior of the sarcoball was filled with foam-like material made up of vesicles with diameters of 100 nm to 1.0 microns. The sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane content of the sarcoballs was evaluated using two monoclonal antibodies, one to the Ca2+ ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the second to ryanodine receptor calcium release channels in the junctional-face membrane. The antibodies bound to some components of the surface and interior of the sarcoball, but not to mitochondrial-like structures and tubular vesicles. The results show that a large component of the sarcoball and its surface is derived from sarcoplasmic reticulum and suggest that mitochondria and T-tubules might also contribute membranes to the structures. Our hypothesis is that (a) blebs bud out from the surface of the skinned fibre following fusion of internal vesicles that are extruded along interfilament channels during unrestrained contractures, (b) blebs grow into sarcoballs by additional fusion of internal membrane vesicles and fusion of adjacent blebs, and (c) the sarcoball is a foam-like structure composed of bathing medium and membrane lipid (containing membrane proteins).
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C / Q000276:immunology; D008819:Mice, Nude / Q000276:immunology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D009132:Muscles / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000276:immunology; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases