title: Ammonia formation from glutamine isomers by nonacidotic and acidotic perfused rat kidneys.
abstract: The following points summarize these findings: (i) there are 2 glutamine utilizing enzyme systems in the rat kidney; (ii) the cytoplasmic glutamyltransferase system hydrolyzes either glutamine isomer while the mitochondrial localized glutaminase 1 is specific for the L-isomer; (iii) the cytoplasmic pathway contributes 70% of the total renal ammonia production in the normal kidney; (iv) chronic metabolic acidosis results in a 20-fold activation of the mitochondrial glutaminase 1 pathway.
mesh_terms: D000141:Acidosis, Renal Tubular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D005972:Glutaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D000641:Ammonia; D000217:Acyltransferases; D005972:Glutaminase