title: Transcription of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene is rapidly induced by anti-immunoglobulin and blocked by cyclosporin A and FK506 in human B cells.
abstract: The human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene encodes a cytokine whose activities have been implicated in many immunopathological processes, including the activation and differentiation of lymphocytes. Originally identified as a monocyte factor, our studies and those of others have demonstrated that B and T lymphocytes produce TNF-alpha when stimulated by a variety of inducers. We report here that TNF-alpha gene transcription is rapidly and highly induced in three independently derived human Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, as well as in freshly isolated human splenic B cells, activated by antibodies to surface immunoglobulin. This burst in TNF-alpha gene transcription is associated with an induction of TNF-alpha bioactivity in the culture supernatants from stimulated splenic B cells. Moreover, induction of TNF-alpha gene transcription by anti-immunoglobulin was blocked by the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A and FK506. These studies demonstrate that TNF-alpha production is an early event in B-cell activation and they establish the efficacy of using immunosuppressants as probes in dissecting transcriptional activation pathways in human B cells.
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011940:Receptor Aggregation; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000502:physiology*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus