title: Effect of oral contraceptives on rhythmic urinary metal excretion.
abstract: Thirteen women, six of whom were using oral contraceptive agents, between the ages of 23 and 34 years, free from illness, and without a previous clinical history of menstrual abnormality, were studied with chronobiological methods for circadian (about 24 hour) patterns of metal and creatinine excretinine excretion. Circadian rhythms were detected for the excretion of lithium, potassium, iron, sodium, copper, and creatinine. Statistically significant by lower 24 hour excretion (mesors) of lithium, potassium, and iron was detected for the subjects using oral contraceptive agents. Although all women adhered to nearly identical activity-rest (synchronization) schedules, the peak times (acrophases) of the metal excretory rhythms for oral contraceptive users were phase delayed by about two hours.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000652:urine; D008094:Lithium / Q000652:urine; D008670:Metals / Q000652:urine*; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008670:Metals; D003300:Copper; D008094:Lithium; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine; D007501:Iron; D011188:Potassium