A chimeric analog of human and salmon calcitonin eliminates antigenicity and reduces gastrointestinal disturbances.
The minimum region in salmon calcitonin (sCT) which induces antigenicity and gastrointestinal disturbances has been identified by examining the cross-reactivity of several sCT fragments and CT analogs with antisera from sCT-treated patients, and by examining inhibition of gastrointestinal motility of these sCT fragments and CT analogs in conscious dogs. Sixteen residues at the N-terminus of sCT comprised the minimum fragment capable of inducing both activities. Human CT (hCT) showed no antigenicity and a four-order weaker inhibition of gastrointestinal motility than sCT. Based on these data, we synthesized the human and salmon chimeric CT, ACT-15, in which the 16 N-terminal residues were those of hCT and the 16 C-terminal residues were those of sCT. ACT-15 had no cross-reactivity with the antisera and had almost the same weak gastrointestinal inhibition effect as hCT in dog and rat models. Nevertheless, it retained a hypocalcemic activity and an analgesic activity comparable to sCT. These results suggest that the amino acid residues in the N-terminal half of CT are responsible for the formation of antibodies and the induction of gastrointestinal disturbances, but may not influence calcium metabolism or analgesia. Clinical studies of ACT-15 will be needed to confirm this hypothesis.
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D000939:Epitopes; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C028815:salmon calcitonin; D002116:Calcitonin