title: Modulation of endotoxin-induced monokine release in human monocytes by lipid A partial structures that inhibit binding of 125I-lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: We have previously shown that the synthetic tetraacyl precursor Ia (compound 406, LA-14-PP, or lipid IVa) was not able to induce the production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 in human monocytes but strongly antagonized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced formation of these monokines. This inhibition was detectable at the level of mRNA production. To achieve a better understanding of molecular basis of this inhibition, we investigated whether lipid A precursor Ia (LA-14-PP), Escherichia coli-type lipid A (LA-15-PP), Chromobacterium violaceum-type lipid A (LA-22-PP), and synthetic lipid A partial structures and analogs (LA-23-PP, LA-24-PP, and PE-4) were able to influence the binding of 125I-LPS to human monocytes and compared this inhibitory activity with the agonistic and antagonistic action in the induction of monokines in human monocytes. 125I-LPS (20 ng per well) was added to human monocytes in the presence or absence of unlabeled rough Re mutant-derived LPS (Re-LPS) or lipid A compounds, and specific LPS binding was determined after 7 h. This binding was found to be dependent on CD14 as shown by the use of an anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody. Compound LA-14-PP was found to inhibit the binding of 125I-LPS to the cells in a similar dose-response to that of unlabeled LPS. This shows that the inhibitory capacity on LPS binding does not correlate with the monokine-inducing capacity because Re-LPS is active in inducing tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6, while LA-14-PP is not. The strong capacity of LA-14-PP to inhibit 125I-LPS binding, however, correlates with the strong inhibitory capacity of this compound on LPS-induced monokine production. Compounds LA-15-PP, LA-23-PP, and LA-24-PP were active in the inhibition of 125I-LPS binding but were 5- to 10-fold weaker than Re-LPS and LA-14-PP. Of all lipid A structures tested, compound LA-22-PP expressed the weakest inhibitory capacity on LPS binding. These compounds showed again that the activity of binding inhibition does not correlate with the monokine-inducing capacity. We assume that the inhibitory effects of lipid A partial structures on LPS-induced monokine production have their origin in a competitive inhibition between LPS and the lipid A partial structures for the same binding site on the cell membrane.
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000502:physiology; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008050:Lipid A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015846:Monokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008050:Lipid A; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D015846:Monokines