title: The effect of 3 mouthrinses on plaque and gingivitis development.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 mouthrinses, Listerine Antiseptic (thymol), Peridex (chlorhexidine), Perimed (povidone iodine and hydrogen peroxide), and a placebo (water) on the development of dental plaque and gingivitis, when used as the only oral hygiene procedure for 14 days. 71 subjects were entered into a randomized, double-blind study. At the baseline examination, papillary bleeding score (PBS), and plaque index (PI) were registered, after which subjects received supragingival prophylaxis and were assigned to 1 of 4 study cells. Subjects were asked to refrain from all oral hygiene procedures except for the supervised 14-day 2 x daily rinsing with the assigned preparation. At day 14, the same clinical parameters were again registered. Statistical analysis was performed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the 4 groups, followed by Duncan's multiple range test to determine specific group differences. At baseline, average PBS and PI scores were similar for all 4 groups. After 14 days, the average PBS for Peridex and Perimed was significantly lower than for Listerine Antiseptic and water. The frequency of interdental units with a PBS greater than 2 was significantly lower for Peridex and Perimed than for Listerine Antiseptic and water. We concluded that both Peridex and Perimed were effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis when used as a 2 x daily mouthrinse by subjects refraining from other oral hygiene procedures. In vitro, a synergistic effect was assumed when inhibition was achieved with Perimed at the same or greater dilution than was achieved with povidone-iodine alone.
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Disease Research Center, University of Florida, Gainseville 32610.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maruniak
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clouser
mesh_terms: D016924:Actinomyces viscosus / Q000187:drug effects; D000293:Adolescent; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000187:drug effects; D002206:Capnocytophaga / Q000187:drug effects; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D011205:Povidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010919:Placebos; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; D014867:Water; C062667:Perimed; C057473:Listerine; D007455:Iodine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011205:Povidone; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine