title: The challenges of ambiguous genitalia.
abstract: In this paper, we assessed 71 patients between January 1985 and December 1990. Patients with ambiguous genitalia who were seen in the out-patient clinics of both the Paediatric and Urology Departments in the Harare Group of Hospitals. The majority of patients were seen by both the paediatricians and the urologists as children with anomalous genitalia, and a good number were referred to the Urological out-patients as cases of severe perineal, penoscrotal hypospadias, or cryptorchidism. Generally, there were three categories of patients who were seen. The first group were patients referred with severe hypospadias, perineal or penoscrotal and who only, after chromosomal studies, were then categorised into the ambiguous genitalia group. These patients were sent for chromosomal studies because of the concomitant cryptorchidism or, as they were suspected of having ambiguous genitalia because of the well developed labial folds without palpable testes. The second group of patients were patients seen at birth with incongruities which typify ambiguous genitalia. The third group was those who attended the urology clinics with a wish of having surgery performed to render their "phallic organ" long or good enough to help achieve rigidity for sexual intercourse. In the 71 patients seen, the classification had been made and surgery performed on a great majority of them at an early stage, to avoid later catastrophes and the possibility of the development of gonadoblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Danso
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Nkrumah
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology