Efficacy of oral administration of live herpes simplex virus type 1 as a vaccine.
Mice given herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (Miyama +GC strain) intragastrically via a stainless-steel cannula were rendered immune to subsequent lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge with HSV-1. The orally administered HSV-1 was completely inactivated in the stomach within a few minutes of inoculation. However, systemic immunity was established 14 days after oral inoculation with the virus and retained for up to 6 months. The mechanisms of establishing systemic immunity were investigated by means of adoptive transfer comparisons. When splenic cells from HSV-1-immunized mice were transplanted into nonimmunized mice, all of the recipient mice survived after a lethal i.p. challenge with the virus. Immunity was not established in antithymocyte serum-treated mice or by transfer of serum from immunized to nonimmunized mice. In addition, all HSV-1-immunized mice died after lethal challenge with HSV-2 and influenza virus A. These findings suggest that the immunity was virus specific, with T lymphocytes playing a major role in its establishment. The present study therefore supports the possibility of oral immunization with live HSV-1 as a vaccine.
Irie
H
H
Division of Pathology, Kanto Chuo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Harada
Y
Y
Kataoka
M
M
Nagamuta
M
M
Moriya
Y
Y
Handa
M
M
Saito
M
M
Matsubara
S
S
Kojima
K
K
Sugawara
Y
Y
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007109:Immunity; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014779:Virus Replication
D014765:Viral Vaccines