title: Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in breast carcinoma. Correlation with DNA flow cytometry, histopathology, and lymph node status.
abstract: Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) have been correlated with proliferative activity of neoplasms. Increased AgNOR may reflect increased proliferative activity of cells or ploidy. To explore this hypothesis, 41 breast carcinomas were processed for AgNOR silver staining and DNA flow cytometry. AgNOR counts were expressed as mean AgNOR/nucleus and percentage of tumor cells with more than five AgNOR/nucleus. The first count was designated mean AgNOR or mAgNOR, and the second count was designated AgNOR proliferative index or pAgNOR. Using Mantel-Haensel statistical analysis, carcinomas that exhibited mAgNOR of 2.4 or more had a high likelihood of aneuploidy (P less than 0.0001), an S-phase fraction of more than 5.8% (P less than 0.003), or a diameter greater than 2 cm (P less than 0.007). In addition, tumors with pAgNOR of 8% or more showed a statistically significant correlation with aneuploidy (P less than 0.004), tumor grade (P less than 0.04), and a more significant one with high S-phase fraction (P less than 0.0001). No significant correlation was obtained between pAgNOR and tumor size or lymph node status. These data indicate that AgNOR quantitation reflects changes in DNA ploidy and cell proliferation. They also suggest that the mean AgNOR counts correlate best with the DNA mass or ploidy and that the frequency of cells with higher AgNOR count best reflects proliferative activity or S-phase fraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erkman-Balis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shoukri
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nicosia
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Rowlands
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004171:Diploidy; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016622:Silver Staining
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm