title: Changes in state of the Wx-m5 allele of maize are due to intragenic transposition of Ds.
abstract: The molecular basis for the unusual phenotype conditioned by the waxy(Wx)-m5 Ds allele has been elucidated. Unlike most Ds alleles, Wx-m5 is phenotypically wild-type in the absence of Ac. We find that the Wx-m5 gene contains a 2-kb Ds element at -470 relative to the start of Wx transcription, representing the most 5' insertion of any transposable element allele characterized to date in plants. Despite its wild type phenotype, Wx-m5 has reduced levels of Wx enzymatic activity indicating that Ds insertion influences Wx gene expression. In the presence of Ac, Wx-m5 kernels have sectors of null expression on a wild-type background and give rise to stable wx and unstable wx-m germinal derivatives. Seventeen of 20 derivatives examined are wx-m alleles and at least 15 of these appear to result from intragenic transposition of Ds from -470 to new sites within the Wx gene. Three wx-m alleles contain two Ds elements, one at -470 and a second in Wx coding sequences. Surprisingly, only 3 out of 20 derivatives are stable wx mutants and these have sustained gross rearrangements of Wx and flanking sequences. For most other maize transposable element alleles somatic sectors and germinal derivatives usually arise following element excision or deletions of element sequences. In contrast, element insertion following intragenic transposition is apparently responsible for most of the somatic sectors and germinal derivatives of Wx-m5.
authors.affiliation: Botany Department, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marillonnet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wessler
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D010940:Plant Proteins