title: [Cell membranes as a barrier during biological uses of antisense oligonucleotides, their derivatives, and analogs].
abstract: Use of oligonucleotides and their derivatives as gene targeted drugs encounter a problem of crossing of lipophilic cell membranes by these hydrophilic compounds. This paper considers the approaches to overcome the arising barrier: 1) penetration by endocytosis in the presence of bivalent cations; 2) use of non-ionic oligonucleotide analogs; 3) attachment of bulky hydrophobic radicals; 4) use of membrane carriers; 5) interaction of oligonucleotides and their derivatives with specific receptors.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Knoppe
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Vlasov
mesh_terms: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D010743:Phospholipids; D004247:DNA
vernacular_title: Kletochnye membrany kak bar'er pri biologicheskikh primeneniiakh antismyslovykh oligonucleotidov, ikh proizvodnykh i analogov.