title: A phase I study of WR-2721 in combination with total body irradiation (TBI) in patients with refractory lymphoid malignancies.
abstract: This Phase I study was designed to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of WR-2721 when given twice weekly with total body irradiation (TBI) in the treatment of patients with advanced refractory lymphoid malignancies and to define the toxicities of this combination and schedule. Patients eligible for this study had advanced recurrent indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patients had symptomatic or progressive disease, a performance status of 0, 1, or 2, and adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function. Only patients failing one or two regimens of prior chemotherapy were eligible. Patients who had received prior extended field irradiation were ineligible. Patients received TBI twice weekly (Tuesday and Friday) to a total of 10 doses at 15 cGy/fx. WR-2721 was given intravenously over 15 min beginning 30 min before irradiation. The escalation of WR-2721 was Level 1: 740 mg/m2 and Level 2: 910 mg/m2. The MTD of WR-2721 was that dose which produced predictable and reversible toxicity and would not interfere with patient well-being. Seven patients were entered onto the study, three at 740 mg/m2 and four at 910 mg/m2. Five patients had CLL and two patients small lymphocytic NHL. No patient had hypotension or nausea requiring reduction in dose level or even interruption of infusion of WR-2721. At 740 mg/m2 no grade 3 or 4 toxicities related to WR-2721 were observed, but two patients could not complete treatment because of TBI-induced prolonged thrombocytopenia following treatments 5 and 8. One patient completed all 10 treatments. At 910 mg/m2 of WR-2721, two patients requested removal from study because of malaise, one after 5 cycles and one after 7 cycles. One patient completed all 10 treatments. One patient was treated with a modified schedule of 7 treatments of 20 cGy/fx and tolerated and completed all treatments but developed significant thrombocytopenia following completion of treatment. No patients had disease progression during treatment. The median survival was 11 months. This study indicates that WR-2721 given at 910 mg/m2 twice weekly with TBI is well tolerated for at least 5 treatments and that 910 mg/m2 of WR-2721 is the MTD with this regimen. In view of the importance of total radiation dose in achieving a response with TBI, a dose escalation study of TBI with 910 mg/m2 of WR-2721 should be performed in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center/University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19111.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krigel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hanks
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Comis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Algazy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schien
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D004999:Amifostine