title: The output of four modern vaporizers in the presence of helium.
abstract: It has been previously demonstrated that the output of calibrated vaporizers is influenced by the concentration of nitrous oxide in the carrier gas. This study was performed to determine whether helium in the carrier gas affects the output of modern calibrated vaporizers. A factorial design was used to determine the influence of carrier-gas helium concentration, carrier-gas flow rate and vaporizer dial setting on the output of four vaporizers: Ohio Calibrated Enflurane, Ohio Calibrated Isoflurane, Ohmeda Isotec 4, and Dräger Vapor 19.1 Isoflurane. Three vaporizers of each model were tested. Output was converted to % of baseline so that different dial settings could be compared. For a given dial setting, baseline was defined as the output at a carrier-gas flow rate of 3 L.min-1 and helium concentration of zero. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. There was an effect of helium concentration on vaporizer output in all models. None of these changes was clinically important, since vaporizer output did not vary by more than +/- 10%, except at high flows and at high helium concentrations with the Ohmeda Isotec 4. It is concluded that these vaporizers can be used safely with helium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Loeb
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004737:Enflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006371:Helium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012212:Rheology
chemical_list: D006371:Helium; D004737:Enflurane; D007530:Isoflurane