title: Evolution of the fusion protein gene of human parainfluenza virus 3.
abstract: The nucleotide sequences of the fusion (F) gene of 15 clinical strains of human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) isolated between 1959 and 1987 were compared with the F gene sequence of the prototype strain, Wash/47885/57. Nucleotide sequence diversity was greatest in the noncoding regions of the F gene; however, regions believed to function as transcriptional signals were completely conserved. Amino acid sequences were highly conserved and all but a few amino acid substitutions were conservative in nature. Sequence comparisons indicate heterogeneity in HPIV3 F genes; however, a significant proportion of nucleotide changes are maintained after they first appear and seem to be accumulating with time. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that there are 2 lineages of HPIV3 in North America. The two lineages can be distinguished by specific amino acid differences in the F protein, which correlate with differences in antigenic properties and neutralization patterns of HPIV3. The pattern of HPIV3 evolution, based on the analysis of F gene sequences, most closely resembles that of influenza virus B, vesicular stomatitis virus and Newcastle disease virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prinoski
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dimock
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002460:Cell Line; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; C072983:F protein, parainfluenza virus 3