title: Variational analysis of the transdermal delivery rate from two prototypical ethanol-water nitroglycerin TTS devices and Transderm-Nitro 10 in the normal population.
abstract: The performance of two prototypical ethanol-water flux-enhanced transdermal therapeutic systems were compared to the performance of commercial Transderm-Nitro 10. This was a single-center, open-label, three-treatment, randomized crossover study in six healthy subjects who completed the study. Concurrent with each transdermal treatment, an infusion of the stable isotope [15N]3-nitroglycerin was administered. The use of double isotope methodology was incorporated into this study to minimize the variation introduced by fixed-effect error on the evaluation of transdermal flux. The objectives of this study were to isolate experimentally and characterize the average flux enhancement of each prototype, to determine the temporal profile of delivery, and to evaluate the components of variance of drug delivery from each transdermal system. The results of this study showed that the two flux-enhanced transdermal systems with different fill volumes both produced flux enhancement factors of 2 to 3 relative to Transderm-Nitro 10. Prototype B demonstrated a 57% reduction in intersubject variation relative to Transderm-Nitro 10 indicative of enhanced control of drug permeation across a subject population. Prototype A, while reducing intersubject variations, was less than optimal. Both prototypes demonstrated comparable intrasubject variation relative to Transderm-Nitro 10, indicating similar stability for within-subject transdermal drug delivery. The flux enhancement and variational properties of Prototype B were consistent with those intended based on mechanistic considerations of mutual nitroglycerin and ethanol-coupled transdermal delivery.
authors.affiliation: Drug Development Department, Pharmaceuticals Division, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Ardsley, New York.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kochak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sambol
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D000431:Ethanol; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; D005996:Nitroglycerin