title: Human cytomegalovirus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells induce HIV-1 replication via a tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated mechanism.
abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a potential cofactor in HIV-1 infection. To investigate the mechanism whereby HCMV promotes HIV-1 replication, a PBMC coculture assay which measures HIV-1 p24 antigen release was used as an index of viral replication. HCMV-stimulated PBMC were capable of inducing HIV-1 replication in cocultures with acutely infected PBMC; however, this occurred only when the PBMC were from HCMV-seropositive donors (598 +/- 207 versus 27 +/- 10 pg/ml p24 antigen with PBMC from HCMV-seronegative donors on day 6 of coculture). Upon stimulation with HCMV, PBMC obtained exclusively from HCMV-seropositive donors released tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (270 +/- 79 pg/ml at 18 h of culture). Monoclonal antibodies to TNF-alpha blocked the activity of HCMV-stimulated PBMC in cocultures both with acutely HIV-1-infected PBMC and with the chronically infected promonocytic line U1. Also, treatment of HCMV-stimulated PBMC with pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha mRNA, markedly reduced HIV-1 replication in cocultures both with acutely and chronically infected cells. These results indicate that TNF-alpha is a key mediator of HIV-1 replication induced by HCMV-stimulated PBMC and support the concept that this cytokine plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gekker
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Balfour
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010431:Pentoxifylline