title: Myotoxicity and physiological effects of three Trimeresurus flavoviridis phospholipases A2.
abstract: When basic proteins I and II from Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Habu snake) venom, which are Lys-49-phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with low activity, were injected intramuscularly into mice, myonecrosis was induced accompanied by a rapid increase of plasma creatine kinase level. This increase was about 2 times greater than that raised by highly active T. flavoviridis Asp-49-PLA2 which has been regarded as a myotoxic factor. Calcium-dependent depolarization of frog muscle fibers was observed with basic proteins I and II but not with Asp-49-PLA2. Indirect hemolysis of rat erythrocytes was induced by Asp-49-PLA2 but not by basic proteins I and II. Myotoxicity and depolarization effects appear to be not necessarily related to lipolytic activity of proteins although hemolytic effects is in parallel to lipolytic potency. Light microscopic observations of muscle preparations treated with three PLA2s showed similar histological changes, i.e., myolytic necrosis without hemorrhage and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. The structural and functional elements of PLA2s for eliciting myotoxicity are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uchikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D011506:Proteins; C063854:basic protein I; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2