title: High-dose carboplatin and etoposide with autologous bone marrow transplantation in refractory germ cell cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A phase II trial was undertaken to assess the feasibility, toxicity, and efficacy of high-dose carboplatin and etoposide with autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with recurrent germ cell cancer received carboplatin 500 mg/m2 and etoposide 400 mg/m2 given at 7, 5, and 3 days before marrow infusion. Autologous marrow infusion (day 0) was accomplished using one half of the bone marrow harvested before chemotherapy. Patients who achieved a complete or partial response with the first cycle of treatment received a second identical cycle of chemotherapy followed by infusion of the remaining cryopreserved bone marrow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Objective responses were obtained in 17 of the 38 patients (45%) assessable for response, including eight partial and nine complete remissions. Five of these patients remain in continuous complete remission with minimal follow-up of 1 year. Toxicity encountered was primarily hematologic, and five patients (13%) died of treatment-related complications. Significant toxicities often seen with high-dose cisplatin (ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, and renal toxicity) were manageable in this regimen of high-dose carboplatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This trial confirms the curative potential of high-dose carboplatin and etoposide in highly refractory germ cell cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stadtmauer
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Loehrer
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Trump
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin