title: A double stopcock technique for repeated sampling of venous blood.
abstract: Repeated sampling for measurement of venous blood levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma hemoglobin, potassium and ibuprofen with a novel method of phlebotomy, the double stopcock technique (DST), was compared to heparin lock (HPL), Angiocath with obturator (AOB) and direct venipuncture (DVP) techniques. There were 12 normal subjects in this randomized, three-way crossover trial. During each portion of the crossover, simultaneous samples for hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma hemoglobin, potassium and ibuprofen were taken from each phlebotomy site prior to and after oral dosing with 400 mg ibuprofen. The DST was the best acceptable method based on the assessment of comfort by the subjects, followed by the AOB, HPL and DVP techniques. The least amount of blood waste was with the DST. The degree of hemolysis (as shown by plasma hemoglobin and potassium) was comparable across all techniques. Across all of the techniques, measurement of hemoglobin, hematocrit and ibuprofen levels using DST, HPL and AOB yielded lower levels than DVP. These changes were small and were not clinically significant, although statistically significant in some cases. The authors conclude that when there is need for frequent, rapid and repetitive venous blood sampling with minimal blood wastage and patient discomfort, the DST should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Upjohn Company, Upjohn Research Clinics, Kalamazoo, MI 49007.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hanover
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Spillers
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Francom
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Locker
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods*; D002404:Catheterization; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins