title: Pregnancy, labor and delivery post spinal cord injury.
abstract: There are approximately 3,000 women of childbearing age who become spinal cord injured each year in the United States. There are few reports in the literature that address pregnancy, labor and delivery in this patient population. We are reporting on 22 women post spinal cord injury who had 33 pregnancies. There were equal numbers of paraplegic and quadriplegic women. Three pregnancies aborted, one spontaneously. The babies were near normal or normal weight with one exception. The mothers waited 5 years on average to become pregnant. Cesarean section was performed on 43% of pregnancies. Abnormal presentations occurred in over 10% of pregnancies. Indications for cesarean section included 5 that were repeats; the remainder were necessary due to bleeding (1), breech presentation (1), transverse presentation (2), lack of progress (2), onset of labor 1 day post spinal fusion, and a mother's request to have tubal ligation. Epidural anesthesia was selected for 9 deliveries; 6 of these patients had controlled autonomic hyperreflexia. Five general and 4 local anesthetics were used, and 12 patients received no anesthesia. Diagnostic ultrasound and amniocentesis were used selectively. Complications included autonomic hyperreflexia (9), frequent urinary tract infections, infected pressure sores (3, 2 resulting in below-knee amputations), seizures during and after delivery, pneumonia, bladder stones (2), episiotomy dehiscence (1), and breakdown of spinal fusion. The newborns were healthy, although one double footing breech vaginal delivery had an APGAR of 1 at 1 min, 7 at 5 min and 9 at 10 min. One premature baby, who weighed only 1600 g, was a precipitate birth at home unattended. Implications for the care of pregnant SCI women are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Meythaler
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tuel
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cross
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D000328:Adult; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D001724:Birth Weight; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization