title: [Sensitive identification of human blood and simultaneous determination of ABO blood group from a minute bloodstain by an ELISA-ABC method].
abstract: Sensitive identification of human blood and the determination of ABO blood group from a minute bloodstain were simultaneously carried out by a direct ELISA-ABC method. A cotton thread (1 cm in length) stained with 1 microliter of human or animal blood was stored for 2-4 weeks at room temperature. Hemoglobin (Hb) of the bloodstained thread was gently extracted with 100 microliters of PBS at room temperature, and the thread was washed with PBS to dehemoglobinize. And ABH blood group antigens were extracted from the same dehemoglobinized thread with 100 microliters of 5% ammonia solution at 56 degrees C. The extracts of PBS and ammonia were two-fold serially diluted with 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer, coated to the wells of a flat bottomed microplate. The PBS extract was tested with a biotinylated antibody against human HbA0 for identification of human blood. Human blood was clearly distinguishable from bloods of other species including Japanese monkey. The minimum detection limit of human blood of the PBS extract of the bloodstained thread was 1:40,960 (3.4 ng Hb), and the limit was found to be approximately 200 times higher than that obtained by a leucomalachite green test or by a precipitation ring test using anti-human HbA serum. The ammonia extract was tested with biotinylated anti-A, anti-B and anti-H antibodies for ABO blood grouping. ABH antigens of the ammonia extract of the bloodstained thread were clearly detected. The minimum determination limits of blood group A, B, AB and O of the ammonia extracts were 1:160, 1:160, 1:80 and 1:160, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokiwa
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000818:Animals; D001801:Blood Stains; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System