title: Regulation of ATP sensitive potassium channel of isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes by sarcolemmal monocarboxylate transport.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to describe the effects of extracellular application of monocarboxylates (pyruvate, lactate, or acetate) on current through KATP channels (iK,ATP) in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The iK,ATP was elicited during whole cell voltage clamping by application of metabolic poisons, 2,4-dinitrophenol (150 microM) or glucose free cyanide (1 mM) and could be blocked by glibenclamide (3 microM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extracellular application of monocarboxylates, pyruvate (0.1-10 mM), L-lactate (0.1-10 mM), and acetate (10 mM) led to a rapid inhibition of iK,ATP--an effect which was fully reversible upon washout. Substances without any effect on iK,ATP were (10 mM each) gluconate, citrate, glutamate, creatine, succinate, and glycine. The mechanism underlying the effects of monocarboxylates on iK,ATP was unlikely to be related to an increased ATP production, since D-lactate (10 mM) essentially had the same effect on iK,ATP as the L-isomer of lactate. Furthermore, with intracellular dialysis of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (0.1-0.5 mM), which inhibits pyruvate uptake into mitochondria, extracellular pyruvate exerted the same inhibitory effect on iK,ATP. High concentrations of extracellular alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (4 mM), which blocks the sarcolemmal monocarboxylate carrier, prevented the effects on iK,ATP by pyruvate, L-lactate, D-lactate, and acetate. Furthermore, intracellular dialysis with D-lactate (10 mM) led to a more rapid onset of iK,ATP when activated by ATP free dialysis. Activity of isolated KATP channels, measured in isolated membrane patches in the inside out or outside out configuration, typically had a single channel conductance of around 80 pS and was blocked by glibenclamide (3-9 microM). No significant effect of pyruvate was observed in either patch configuration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cardiac tissue there may be some modulatory role involving monocarboxylate transport on KATP channel activity, the nature of which is unclear at present but which may involve cytosolic pH changes. Physiological and pathophysiological implications of these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Coetzee
mesh_terms: D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol; D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D003486:Cyanides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004140:Dinitrophenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D003486:Cyanides; D004140:Dinitrophenols; D007773:Lactates; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011773:Pyruvates; C007175:alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol