title: Differential block of cardiac delayed rectifier current by class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs: evidence for open channel block and unblock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to compare the effects of the class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs flecainide, encainide, and recainam on the delayed rectifier current, IK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Membrane currents were studied using the single suction pipette voltage clamp technique in freshly dissociated cat ventricular myocytes bathed in HEPES buffered physiological saline at 32 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flecainide and encainide decreased IK with IC50 values of 2.1 microM and 6 microM, respectively. Recainam (100 microM) reduced IK by only 7 (SEM 3)% after 20-30 min exposure and by 19% after an 80 min exposure (IC50 > 400 microM). None of the compounds blocked the inward rectifier, IK1. Block of IK by flecainide and encainide increased with depolarisation following a voltage dependence similar to that describing channel activation. Flecainide and encainide also slowed the time course of the IK tail currents, consistent with drug dissociating from open channels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed voltage dependence for IK block by flecainide and encainide resembles the interaction reported between these agents and the excitatory sodium channel, ie, depolarisation enhances block while repolarisation leads to removal of block. The results further suggest that the electrophysiological profile of class Ic agents can have a markedly different ionic basis, ie, K+ channel block by flecainide and encainide is balanced by a potent block of sodium channels, while recainam appears to be a weak but relatively specific blocker of sodium channels only. These differences are not readily accommodated by the current Harrison-Vaughan-Williams classification scheme, and suggest the possibility that potentially important drug specific differences can exist within the same antiarrhythmic drug class.
authors.affiliation: Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Division of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Princeton, NJ 08543-8000.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Follmer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cullinan
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Colatsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002415:Cats; D004576:Electromyography; D016700:Encainide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005424:Flecainide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D015221:Potassium Channels; C039524:recainam; D012964:Sodium; D005424:Flecainide; D011188:Potassium; D016700:Encainide