title: Dose-response relationship for renal dysfunction in a population environmentally exposed to cadmium.
abstract: Two epidemiological studies aimed at investigating the dose-response relationship of environmental cadmium exposure were performed in a population living in the Kakehashi River basin, a cadmium-polluted area in Japan. In the first, the average cadmium concentration in rice from each village was used as an indicator of exposure and metallothioneinuria or beta 2-microglobulinuria as an index of renal tubular dysfunction. Dose-related increases in both the latter indices were observed. The total cadmium intake resulting in both metallothioneinuria and beta 2-microglobulinuria was calculated to be approximately 2 g for both sexes. In the second study, the dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium and metallothioneinuria or beta 2-microglobulinuria was evaluated in the same population. Prevalence rates increased proportionally with increasing urinary cadmium (Cd-U). The values of Cd-U corresponding to the prevalence rates of metallothioneinuria in the non-exposed population were calculated to be 4.2 micrograms/g creatinine for men and 4.8 micrograms/g creatinine for women; for beta 2-microglobulinuria the corresponding figures were 3.8 micrograms/g creatinine for men and 4.1 micrograms/g creatinine for women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Shaikh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D002104:Cadmium; D008668:Metallothionein