title: Differences in the K(+)-channels opened by cromakalim, acetylcholine and substance P in rat aorta and porcine coronary artery.
abstract: 1. The effects of acetylcholine and substance P on the efflux of 86Rb+ and 42K+ from rat aorta and pig coronary artery, respectively, were compared with those of the K+ channel opening agent, cromakalim. 2. In rat aorta preloaded with 86Rb+ and/or 42K+, acetylcholine produced transient, concentration-dependent increases in the efflux rate coefficients of these tracers (maximum approximately 35%). These effects were abolished by endothelial cell removal. 3. Donor/acceptor experiments with rat aorta suggested that at least some of the efflux of 86Rb+ seen in the presence of acetylcholine was not derived from the endothelium, but came from the smooth muscle itself. 4. Acetylcholine (10 microM)-induced 86Rb+ efflux was reduced by tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM) to 33% and ouabain (300 microM) to 54% of control. Preincubation with Ba2+ (100 microM) did not significantly inhibit acetylcholine-induced efflux. 5. Acetylcholine-induced 42K+/86Rb+ efflux was unaffected by preincubation with glibenclamide (10 microM). In contrast, the 42K+/86Rb+ efflux induced by cromakalim was inhibited by glibenclamide (50 nM) by 50%. 6. Acetylcholine (0.3-10 microM)-induced inhibition of phenylephrine (1 microM)-induced tone was abolished by endothelial cell removal but unaffected by glibenclamide. Cromakalim-induced relaxations were endothelium-independent and were inhibited by glibenclamide in a concentration-dependent manner. 7. LG-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA, 250 microM) produced a significant (37 +/- 14%) inhibition of acetylcholine-induced 86Rb+ efflux whereas DG-monomethyl L-arginine was without effect. In the tissue bath L-NMMA inhibited relaxations produced by acetylcholine (0.3-10 microM), but was without effect on responses to cromakalim. 8. In the pig coronary artery, substance P induced an endothelium-dependent efflux of 86Rb+ and 42K+, which was unaffected by preincubation with glibenclamide (10 microM) or L-NMMA (250 microM). 9. The present study shows that acetylcholine and substance P each open K(+)-channels in arterial smooth muscle. However, the insensitivity of the stimulated 86Rb/42K+ efflux to inhibition by glibenclamide suggests that the K(+)-channel opened by these agents is different from the K(+)-channel opened by cromakalim. In addition, the inability of L-NMMA to inhibit fully the acetylcholine- and substance P-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux suggests that in rat aorta and pig coronary artery the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor(s) (EDHF) is different from endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF).
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, Sandoz Pharma Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Quast
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019806:Cromakalim; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011758:Pyrroles; D019806:Cromakalim; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D013373:Substance P; D001120:Arginine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D011188:Potassium; D005905:Glyburide