title: Oxidized low density lipoproteins stimulate phosphoinositide turnover in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Atherogenesis is associated with alterations in the properties of different cell types, including monocytes/macrophages (foam cell formation), platelets (increased aggregation), endothelial cells (injury), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (lipid accumulation or foam cell formation). Oxidized low density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) play a key role in this vascular pathology. This study investigated the ability of ox-LDL to elicit chemical signaling events in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Ox-LDL was found to stimulate phospholipase C-mediated phosphoinositide turnover in human VSMCs. This response occurred rapidly (within 1 minute) and at low concentrations of ox-LDL (half-maximal effective concentration, approximately 5 micrograms/ml). Ox-LDL-stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation in human VSMCs was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and with compounds that elevate cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP. Ca2+ antagonists also blocked the effects of ox-LDL on phosphoinositide turnover. Inhibitors of receptor-endocytotic processes (including receptor clustering, cross-linking, and cytoskeleton-dependent internalization) effectively prevented ox-LDL-induced inositol phosphate generation. The data suggest that ox-LDL promotes phospholipase C-mediated phosphoinositide turnover in a manner analogous to that for other Ca(2+)-mobilizing hormones. The results also support an association between phosphoinositide turnover and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Prevention of the direct effects of ox-LDL on SMCs could prove an interesting therapeutic avenue for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Resink
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Tkachuk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Bühler
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate