title: The aetiopathogenesis of craniofacial anomalies.
abstract: Craniofacial embryogenesis with emphasis on the mechanisms of morphogenesis as a basis for understanding developmental anomalies is reviewed. A classification of maldevelopment into malformation, deformation and disruption is illustrated by examples. A brief review of the clinical consequences of craniofacial anomalies and possible therapeutic modalities is undertaken.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Sperber
mesh_terms: D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D009024:Morphogenesis; D011379:Prognosis; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology