title: A 10-base-pair element of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) is an absolute requirement for transactivation by the human cytomegalovirus 72-kilodalton IE1 protein but can be compensated for by other LTR regions in transactivation by the 80-kilodalton IE2 protein.
abstract: Transient gene expression studies have indicated that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) specifically transactivates the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR). We show here, by a specific mutational analysis, that only the TATA box region is obligatory for transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR by HCMV. Similarly, this element is also sufficient for transactivation by either the HCMV 72-kDa major immediate-early 1 (IE1) or 80-kDa IE2 gene product independently. However, deletion of a 10-bp region from the minimal responsive element, 5' to the TATA box, dramatically reduced the level of HCMV 72-kDa IE1 or 80-kDa IE2 transactivation, indicating a crucial role for this element in transactivation. Whereas inclusion of the TAR element or Sp1 sites on this 10-bp-deleted minimal promoter had no effect on the removal of IE1 transactivation, TAR and Sp1 elements did compensate for the 10-bp element in transactivation by IE2 and HCMV. Consequently, the sequence requirements of the HIV-1 LTR for transactivation by HCMV can be reproduced by these IE1 and IE2 gene products of HCMV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hagemeier
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Sissons
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sinclair
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015534:Trans-Activators; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C088645:IE1 protein, cytomegalovirus; C069186:IE2 protein, Cytomegalovirus; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; C077406:UL115 protein, Human herpesvirus 5; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C071440:glycoprotein H, Cytomegalovirus; C499358:glycoprotein H, Human cytomegalovirus; C439068:glycoprotein O, cytomegalovirus