title: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review was undertaken to examine the evidence of effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (HDC/ABMT) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and to compare the magnitudes of the benefits and harms of HDC/ABMT with those of conventional doses of chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published studies were reviewed and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No randomized controlled trials have been published that evaluate HDC/ABMT. Only one internally controlled study has been conducted; it demonstrated that HDC/ABMT and conventional treatment have virtually identical outcomes. Comparisons of uncontrolled clinical series are confounded by patient selection and other biases. Gross comparisons indicate that, compared with conventional-dose chemotherapy, HDC/ABMT achieves (1) higher complete response rates (36% v 8%), (2) higher overall response rates (70% v 39%), (3) similar median response durations (8 months v 9.6 months), (4) similar median survival durations (16 months v 16.6 months), and (5) similar overall survival rates (eg, 43% 2-year survival v 39%). Observations of cases with longer-term disease-free survival are promising but not conclusive. High-dose chemotherapy with ABMT has a higher treatment-related mortality rate (5% to 15% v 1%), a high rate of nonmortal toxicity (approximately 30%), and a high rate of side effects (approaching 100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Firm conclusions are not possible because of the lack of controlled studies and the presence of numerous biases. However, the existing evidence does not demonstrate that HDC/ABMT is superior to conventional-dose chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Randomized controlled trials are needed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Policy, Research, and Education, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Eddy
mesh_terms: D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous