title: Four-quadrant local anaesthesia technique for vitreoretinal surgery.
abstract: We report our experience of a recently described local anaesthetic technique which seeks to avoid risk of perforation of the globe, damage to the optic nerve, or injection into the subarachnoid space, whilst providing prolonged and reliable anaesthesia. A prospective series of 19 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery using this technique were compared with 19 patients who had retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract extraction. The vitreoretinal group had excellent akinesia and very good anaesthesia, allowing prolonged retinal reattachment surgery lasting up to 3 hours. Patient evaluation of discomfort or pain experienced in the two groups was assessed using a visual analogue pain score chart. The pain scores for the two groups were not significantly different (p = 0.03) and 16 of 19 patients in each group (84%) experienced only slight pain or less. Satisfaction with local anaesthesia, in both groups, was also assessed by asking patients which method of anaesthesia they would prefer if future surgery were to be performed. In the vitreoretinal group, 18 of 19 patients expressed a preference for local anaesthesia and in the cataract group 17 ot 19 also favoured local anaesthesia. The vitreoretinal patients' median pain score was 0 compared with 1 for the cataract patients. This study demonstrates that local anaesthesia provides pain relief for vitreoretinal surgery which is comparable to the experience of patients undergoing cataract surgery by retrobulbar anaesthesia. The technique described can provide successful local anaesthesia for vitreoretinal procedures. The success of this technique for pain relief and akinesia calls for a reappraisal of the number of patients suitable for vitreoretinal surgery under local anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Leaver
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cooling
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000601:surgery*; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery*