title: Immunoreactive cytokines in Mytilus edulis nervous and immune interactions.
abstract: We review evidence that an immune and nervous system linkage exists in invertebrates similar to that shown in vertebrates. Immunoreactive cytokines appear to play a role in this interaction. We have demonstrated that M. edulis, a marine bivalve mollusc, reacts to the vertebrate monokines interleukin-1, -6 and TNF. We have also demonstrated endogenous immunoreactive interleukin-1, -6 and tumour necrosis factor in M. edulis hemolymph, immunocytes and pedal ganglia. Our findings suggest an important common signalling mechanism that has been conserved over 500 million years of evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stefano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000276:immunology; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha