title: The effects of ocean sounds on sleep after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of ocean sounds (white noise) on the night sleep pattern of postoperative coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients after transfer from an intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A before and after trial with an experimental and a control group was used in this intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large public hospital with primary, secondary, and tertiary care facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample of 60 first-time CABG patients was systematically assigned to the experimental or the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the experimental group, the sounds were played on the Marsona Sound Conditioner (Marpac Corporation, Wilmington, NC) for three consecutive nights posttransfer from the ICU. No control of environment, except for the elimination of white noise, was done for the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, a visual analog scale, provided self-reported sleep scores on six variables. Analysis of covariance was used to test the difference between the posttest scores of the groups, with the pretest used as the covariate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in sleep depth, awakening, return to sleep, quality of sleep, and total sleep scores; the group receiving ocean sounds reported higher scores, indicating better sleep. There was no difference in the falling asleep scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of ocean sounds is a viable intervention to foster optimal sleep patterns in postoperative CABG patients after transfer from the ICU.
authors.affiliation: Huntsville Hospital, Ala.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006272:Health Facility Environment; D006757:Hospital Units; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing*; D011383:Progressive Patient Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires