title: Overview of lupus pregnancies.
abstract: Pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) requires consideration of 5 major issues: (1) What is the risk to the mother? (2) What is the risk to the fetus? (3) What is the effect and treatment of antiphospholipid antibody? (4) What is the risk of neonatal lupus? (5) Stability of the family unit, particularly in the events of maternal disability or death, should be discussed by all parties when a pregnancy is planned. Consistency of measurement criteria, standardized treatment protocols, and long-term follow-ups are needed in the future.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lockshin
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000151:congenital / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D012306:Risk; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid