title: Parenteral aluminum compounds produce a local toxic myopathy in rats: importance of the anion.
abstract: Aluminum lactate, injected in rats, produced skeletal muscle necrosis of diaphragm and abdominal wall subjacent to peritoneal surfaces. Deeper muscle cells (distal from inoculum) were less severely affected. Ultrastructural studies of diaphragm revealed inoculum coating collagen fibrils, aggregating next to muscle basal lamina and localized within phagocytes. Aluminum lactate penetrated lymphatic vessels and caused reactive changes on the pleural as well as peritoneal surfaces of diaphragm. In contrast, injection of aluminum citrate did not produce myopathy. Also, mixtures of aluminum lactate with aluminum citrate, sodium citrate, or another chelating agent failed to produce myopathy. Therefore, the regional myopathy produced by the lactate salt provides a model for in vivo cytotoxicity of aluminum in which anionic binding is a critical determinant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saltzman
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Drakontides
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry; D000863:Antacids / Q000633:toxicity; D002951:Citrates / Q000633:toxicity; D019343:Citric Acid; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007773:Lactates / Q000633:toxicity; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D000863:Antacids; D002951:Citrates; D007773:Lactates; D019343:Citric Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000535:Aluminum