title: Behavioral effects of stem-leaves extract from panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
abstract: The behavioral effects of extracts from ginseng stem and leaves (GL), standardized with respect to the total saponines, and from ginseng roots (G115), standardized with respect to the content of ginsenosides were examined in experiments on rats with undisturbed memory and in rats with experimentally-impaired memory (electroconvulsive shock) using the methods for active avoidance (shuttle-box) and passive avoidance (step-down, step-through), the water-maze method and the method for studying exploratory behavior. On multiple administration G115 exerted favorable effects on learning and memory and on the higher nervous activity as a whole. These effects greatly varied with the dose and administration schedules, with the rat strain, with the rat's ability to perform adequately in any particular learning task, and with the behavioral method. The extract from the overground part of ginseng (GL) had, in the majority of cases, an effect weaker than that of G115 or was without effect at all. Based on previous and present results, we discuss the role of the changes in brain biogenic monoamines induced by the extracts for their mechanism of action.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia.
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Petkov
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Todorov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazarova
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Getova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stancheva
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alova
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004597:Electroshock; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D005894:Panax; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013028:Space Perception / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D010936:Plant Extracts