title: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-diazabicycloalkylquinolones, including danofloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent for veterinary medicine.
abstract: A series of novel 6-fluoro-7-diazabicycloalkylquinolonecarboxylic acids substituted with various C8 (H, F, Cl, N) and N1 (ethyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl) substituents, as well as, 9-fluoro-10-diazabicycloalkylpyridobenzoxazinecarboxylic acids, were prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity against a range of important veterinary pathogenic bacteria. The diazabicycloalkyl side chains investigated at the 7-position (benzoxazine 10-position) include (1S,4S)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (2), (1S,4S)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (3), (1R,4R)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (4), 8-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (5), 9-methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane (6), 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (7), 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (8), and 9-methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9). Among these side chains, in vitro potency was not highly variable; other properties therefore proved more critical to the selection of possible development candidates. However, the relative potencies observed for several of these compounds in mouse, swine, and cattle infection models correlated well with those seen in vitro. A combination of the N1 cyclopropyl group and the C7 (1S,4S)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl appendage conferred the best overall antibacterial, physiochemical, and pharmacodynamic properties. Hence, danofloxacin (Advocin, 2c) (originally CP-76,136, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-[(1S,4S)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1] hept-2-yl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid) was selected as a candidate for development as a therapeutic antibacterial agent for veterinary medicine.
authors.affiliation: Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: McGuirk
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jefson
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Cisek
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Gootz
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Haskell
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hindahl
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010326:Pasteurella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D015363:Quinolones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; C068581:danofloxacin