title: Status of in vitro ocular irritation testing.
abstract: This paper reviews advances in the validation of alternative methods for eye irritation testing since the 1987 publication, A Critical Evaluation of Alternatives to Acute Ocular Irritation Testing (1). We have highlighted details of methods that appear promising and identified the minimum needs and endpoints necessary to develop a battery or batteries of in vitro tests to evaluate eye irritancy. We have recommended a series of workshops to provide identified batteries for specific classes of chemicals or for specific uses of eye irritancy testing. We have also identified the need for consensus meetings and peer-reviewed publication to ensure that the most predictive batteries become parts of validation studies. Finally, we note that academic scientists, industry, government and the animal protection community must work together in order to replace in vivo eye irritancy testing with appropriately validated in vitro methods.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Silber
mesh_terms: D000482:Allantois / Q000187:drug effects; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants