title: ["Preformation and prediction" of the human sex. Wilhelm Weinberg's critique of Otto Schöner's "theory"].
abstract: In 1909 Otto Schöner, a district medical officer, claimed human sex to be determined by ovarian preformation and to be precisely predicted. Up to his death in 1940 Schöner denied not only the role of sex chromosomes, but chromosomes as carrier of heritage in general. His "theory" of sex preformation in the human ovary and sex prediction was published in renowned journals, e.g. "Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie" and "Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie". His statistics as well as the "theory" were criticized by Wilhelm Weinberg, a general practitioner, obstetrician and statistician. Weinberg's name has been firmly linked to a principle of population genetics by the eponym "Hardy-Weinberg-law". This paper is intended to give an extensive description of the controversy between Schöner and Weinberg.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Süss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Früh
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis; D012733:Sex Differentiation; D012743:Sex Preselection
vernacular_title: "Präformation und Prädiktion" des Geschlechts beim Menschen. Wilhelm Weinbergs Kritik an Otto Schöners "Theorie".