title: Pharmacokinetics of 2-(alpha-thenoylthio)-propionylglycine (TTPG) in healthy volunteers--an oral dose-proportionality investigation.
abstract: The dose linearity of 2-(alpha-thenoylthio)-propionylglycine (TTPG) pharmacokinetics after a single oral administration at three different TTPG doses (180, 540 and 1080 mg) was evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers according to an open, randomized, cross-over study with a 1-week wash-out period between each administration. The duration of the study, for each subject, was 4 weeks. Plasma concentration and urinary excretion of TTPG and its two systemic metabolites, namely propionylglycine (tiopronin) and thiophenecarboxylic acid (TCA) were assayed by a previously well validated HPLC method. Due to differences in the physical and chemical properties of these compounds, two assays were needed, one to measure TTPG and TCA as such, and one to measure derivatized tiopronin. Both used UV detection. TTPG, tiopronin and TCA were quickly detected in plasma, suggesting that the drug administered is rapidly absorbed and biotransformed, in part, in the systemic circulation into the two metabolites noted above. Time-to-peak for all three analytes showed a trend to increase with increasing doses of TTPG, being: 0.42, 0.40 and 0.67 h (P < 0.01) with TTPG; 0.53, 0.47 and 0.73 h (P < 0.05) with TCA; and 1.33, 2.13 and 2.58 h (P < 0.01) with tiopronin. Cmax showed the opposite behaviour with values (ng ml-1) normalized to the dose of 540 mg: 1235, 905 and 513 (P < 0.001) with TTPG; 888, 547 and 383 (P < 0.001) with TCA; and 7290, 6950 and 5170 (P < 0.01) with tiopronin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marzo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giubilei
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arrigoni Martelli
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Douin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chassard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mignot
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Thebault
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005100:Expectorants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013440:Sulfides; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008625:Tiopronin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005100:Expectorants; D013440:Sulfides; D013876:Thiophenes; C035227:stepronin; C550746:2-thiophene carboxylic acid; D008625:Tiopronin; D005998:Glycine