title: ATP-sensitive K+ channel-independent, insulinotropic action of glucose in the B-cells.
abstract: Although closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ (K+ ATP) channel produced by glucose metabolism in the B-cell has been considered mediating the major signal for glucose-induced insulin release, evidences indicating the existence of the K+ ATP channel-independent, insulinotropic action of glucose have recently been accumulated. Namely, glucose stimulates insulin release by the B-cell with a full inhibition of the K+ ATP channel closure by diazoxide, a K+ ATP channel opener, provided cytosolic calcium is elevated. Glucose clearly elicits insulin release even if the K+ ATP channel is maximally inhibited by high concentration of sulfonylurea. In this case, glucose-induced insulin release is associated with net increase, not decrease, of K+ outflow, indicating glucose is opening K+ channels. Thus, closure of the K+ ATP channel is highly unlikely to be the mechanism responsible for the insulinotropic action of glucose under these conditions. The K+ ATP channel-independent glucose action is dependent upon physiological glucose concentration (2-30 mM) and the degree of cytosolic calcium elevation. The K+ ATP channel-independent, glucose-induced insulin release shows gradually increasing monophasic pattern which temporally resembles the second phase response of glucose-induced insulin release. The role of glucose metabolism in the K+ ATP channel-independent glucose action remains to be established. Glucose action at the B-cell can now be subdivided into two classes: one is the K+ ATP channel-dependent and the other is the K+ ATP channel-independent. The two branches may be mutually interrelated to cause normal, biphasic insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D015221:Potassium Channels; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005947:Glucose