title: Psychiatric disturbances associated with ganciclovir therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of possible ganciclovir-induced psychiatric disturbances.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient with AIDS who had no known psychiatric history and mild renal dysfunction experienced exacerbation of cytomegalovirus retinitis and was treated with ganciclovir 5 mg/kg iv q12h. The patient complained of nightmares and developed visual hallucinations and severe agitation on day 15 of ganciclovir therapy. The problems resolved after haloperidol administration and ganciclovir withdrawal and reappeared when the same regimen was reinstituted. However, the patient was able to tolerate the maintenance dose of ganciclovir at 5 mg/kg/d along with haloperidol later without further episodes of visual hallucinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Case reports in the literature on ganciclovir-or its analog, acyclovir-, induced psychiatric disturbances were reviewed and compared. The potential relationship between ganciclovir accumulation in patients with renal insufficiency and the observed central nervous system problems in our patient was postulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is likely that ganciclovir accumulation contributed to the acute psychotic episodes observed in our patient. Adjusting ganciclovir dosage based on the patient's renal function is probably the only approach required to prevent or reduce the incidence of these episodes.
authors.affiliation: Long Island University, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brocavich
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004325:Dreams / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012173:Retinitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015774:Ganciclovir