title: Vitamin A levels and severity of measles. New York City.
abstract: Recent studies show that vitamin A levels decrease during measles and that vitamin A therapy can improve measles outcome in children in the developing world. Vitamin A levels of children with measles have not been studied in developed countries. We therefore measured vitamin A levels in 89 children with measles younger than 2 years and in a reference group in New York City, NY. Vitamin A levels in children with measles ranged from 0.42 to 3.0 mumol/L; 20 (22%) were low. Children with low levels were more likely to have fever at a temperature of 40 degrees C or higher (68% vs 44%), to have fever for 7 days or more (54% vs 23%), and to be hospitalized (55% vs 30%). Children with low vitamin A levels had lower measles-specific antibody levels. No child in the reference group had a low vitamin A level. Our data show that many children younger than 2 years in New York City have low vitamin A levels when ill with measles, and that such children seem to have lower measles-specific antibody levels and increased morbidity. Clinicians may wish to consider vitamin A therapy for children younger than 2 years with severe measles. Additional studies of vitamin A in measles and other infectious diseases, and in vaccine efficacy trials, should be done.
authors.affiliation: Division of Field Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Frieden
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sowell
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gunn
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D009519:New York City; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014801:Vitamin A