title: In vitro activity of amphotericin B, hamycin and their novel water-soluble compounds against pathogenic yeasts.
abstract: Twenty-eight pathogenic isolates, 4 each of Candida albicans, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Torulopsis glabrata and Trichosporon beigelii were tested for their in vitro sensitivity to amphotericin B (AmB), hamycin (HA) and their novel water-soluble compounds, namely JAI-AmB (oral and injectable; patents pending) and JAI-HA (Jaimycin Inc., Walnut Creek, Calif., USA), using a standard double-dilution broth (1 ml/tube) procedure. The 2 novel compounds, namely JAI-AmB and JAI-HA, contain one twenty-fifth (w/w) of the AmB and HA, respectively. Results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AmB for all species, except C. lusitaniae and Tr. beigelii (3.125-6.25 micrograms/ml), were 0.195-1.56 micrograms/ml. The values of JAI-AmB (oral) for C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, Cr. neoformans and To. glabrata ranged from 0.78 to 25 micrograms/ml. The MICs of JAI-AmB (oral) for the other yeasts were 100 micrograms/ml. All of the yeasts yielded higher MICs (3.125-100 micrograms/ml) against JAI-AmB (injectable) than the JAI-AmB (oral) preparation. Except for C. parapsilosis (MICs 25-100 micrograms/ml), all of the other species showed greater sensitivity to the parent HA (0.195-100 micrograms/ml) than AmB. The values for JAI-HA ranged from 0.195 to 100 micrograms/ml for all isolates, except C. tropicalis (100 micrograms/ml). Based on our in vitro findings, in vivo efficacies of JAI-AmB and JAI-HA should be carried out.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Human Mycotic Diseases, Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sekhon
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Padhye
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hamir
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011090:Polyenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014250:Trichosporon / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011090:Polyenes; C100114:hamycin; D000666:Amphotericin B