title: On the physiological significance of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the human amniotic fluid.
abstract: Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha and Interleukin (IL)-1 beta levels have been measured in 16 weeks gestation amniotic fluids and mother's sera. Detectable levels of TNF-alpha were found in amniotic fluids, while IL-1 beta was absent. No cytokines were detected in mother's sera. The possible role of TNF-alpha as growth factor for fetal hematopoietic cells is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Neurologica II Medical School, University of Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Covelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaccarino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaccarino
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Munno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marinaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gesario
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jirillo
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha