title: An audit of resuscitation and anaesthesia during Operation 'Safe Haven'.
abstract: The Royal Navy combined Surgical Support Team deployed for six weeks to Northern Iraq. Eighteen casualties of civilian and military trauma required active resuscitation, 10 of whom were under the age of 16. Three died. Triage of multiple casualties was necessary on three occasions. The principles of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) were adopted and the experience is described under the ABCDE headings of the primary survey. Deficiencies of training and equipment are identified. Seventy one anaesthetics, administered to 52 patients, were audited prospectively in detail. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher with isoflurane and controlled ventilation (ICV), compared with halothane and trichloroethylene (HTCV) (P < 0.05). ICV patients recovered more quickly than with HTCV (P < 0.05), but were significantly older and heavier (P < 0.05). Isoflurane should replace the standard halothane/trichloroethylene combination. Controlled ventilation or ketamine anaesthesia allowed satisfactory SpO2 on air alone. With controlled ventilation, anaesthesia was entirely satisfactory for children down to 6.5 kg. Local anaesthetic procedures were useful. The entire anaesthetic drug cost was only 127 pounds. Three patients received a degree of intensive care. Recommendations are made to improve future outcome, but sophisticated resuscitation, anaesthesia and monitoring is now possible in the front line.
authors.affiliation: Royal Naval Hospital, Plymouth.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Rudland
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Tighe
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pethybridge
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Loxdale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007493:Iraq; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D009326:Naval Medicine; D012151:Resuscitation; D014218:Triage; D006113:United Kingdom; D014857:Warfare