title: (H+,K+)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles. 4. A novel series of dimethoxypyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. The selection of pantoprazole as a clinical candidate.
abstract: [(Pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles 1 (PSBs) are a class of highly potent antisecretory (H+,K+)-ATPase inhibitors which need to be activated by acid to form their active principle, the cyclic sulfenamide 4. Selective inhibitors of the (H+,K+)-ATPase in vivo give rise to the nonselective thiophile 4 solely at low pH, thus avoiding interaction with other thiol groups in the body. The propensity to undergo the acid-catalyzed transformation is dependent on the nucleophilic/electrophilic properties of the functional groups involved in the formation of 2 since this step is both rate-determining and pH-dependent. The aim of this study was to identify compounds with high (H+,K+)-ATPase inhibitory activity in stimulated gastric glands possessing acidic pH, but low reactivity (high chemical stability) at neutral pH as reflected by in vitro (Na+,K+)-ATPase inhibitory activity. The critical influence of substituents flanking the pyridine 4-methoxy substituent present in all derivatives was carefully studied. The introduction of a 3-methoxy group gave inhibitors possessing a combination of high potency, similar to omeprazole and lansoprazole, but increased stability. As a result of these studies, compound 1a (INN pantoprazole) was selected as a candidate drug and is currently undergoing phase III clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Byk Gulden Pharmaceuticals, Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senn-Bilfinger
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rainer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Figala
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klemm
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D017506:H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D013454:Sulfoxides; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D017506:H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase; D009853:Omeprazole