title: Bladder cancer from a perspective of 40 years.
abstract: The key events leading to a better understanding of the natural history of urothelial tumors of the bladder are summarized. These were: the recognition of flat carcinoma in situ and related lesions (intraurothelial neoplasia) as principal sources of invasive cancer; identification of the unique structure of the urothelium; analysis of DNA content and the recognition of two pathways of urothelial tumors. A brief comment on the current status of immunologic and molecular genetic markers is appended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Koss
mesh_terms: D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000266:history / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D014481:United States; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000266:history* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm