title: Metabolic changes and vascular risk factors in hypopituitarism.
abstract: Adults with hypopituitarism die prematurely, and the excess mortality is from vascular disease. On echocardiography we have demonstrated abnormalities of myocardial diastolic function in hypopituitary adults, indicating possible early ischaemic change. Peripheral arterial disease is evident on ultrasonography. Vascular risk factors have also been examined. Impaired glucose tolerance and unrecognized diabetes are common in hypopituitary adults. Total cholesterol levels are elevated, particularly in hypopituitary women. The role of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in the vascular disease and in the vascular-risk-factor abnormalities is unknown at present. Prolonged GH therapy causes a decrease in the levels of fasting total cholesterol, without any adverse effects on glucose homeostasis. GH therapy trials in adults will clarify the role of GH in the excess vascular risk of hypopituitarism. Prolonged GH therapy will be necessary for the vascular effects to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Metabolic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Beshyah
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Markussis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahi
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Foale
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005947:Glucose