title: An evaluation of the quinolone-theophylline interaction using the Food and Drug Administration spontaneous reporting system.
abstract: A review of the Food and Drug Administration's spontaneous reporting system identified 48 reports of adverse events in patients who received concomitant therapy with ciprofloxacin (n = 39) or norfloxacin (n = 9) and theophylline. The mean (SD) age of these cases was 68.4 (18.5) years; 25 patients (52%) were female. The mean percent change in theophylline concentrations was 114%, with a range of 32% to 308% following the addition of a quinolone to the patient's theophylline regimen. Fourteen (36%) of the 39 patients receiving ciprofloxacin and three (33%) of the nine patients receiving norfloxacin experienced a seizure. The accumulated evidence suggests that extreme caution should be used when quinolones are prescribed in conjunction with theophylline, particularly in elderly patients. Further research is required to identify risk factors that will more specifically predict the magnitude of the interaction.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research, State University of New York, School of Pharmacy, Buffalo 14260.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Grasela
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dreis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D013806:Theophylline