title: Functional reconstitution of membrane proteins in monolayer liposomes from bipolar lipids of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
abstract: Membranes of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, an extreme thermophilic archaebacterium, are composed of unusual bipolar lipids. They consist of macrocyclic tetraethers with two polar heads linked by two hydrophobic C40 phytanyl chains which are thought to be arranged as a monolayer in the cytoplasmic membrane. Fractionation of a total lipid-extract from S. acidocaldarius yielded a lipid fraction which forms closed and stable unilamellar liposomes in aqueous media. Beef heart cytochrome c-oxidase could be functionally reconstituted in these liposomes. In the presence of reduced cytochrome c, a protonmotive force (delta p) across the liposomal membrane was generated of up to -92 mV. Upon fusion of these proteoliposomes with membrane vesicles of Lactococcus lactis, the delta p generated by cytochrome c-oxidase activity was capable to drive uphill transport of leucine. Electron microscopic analysis indicated that the tetraether lipids form a single monolayer liposome. The results demonstrate that tetraether lipids of archaebacteria can form a suitable matrix for the function of exogenous membrane proteins originating from a regular lipid bilayer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Elferink
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demel
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Konings
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004058:Diffusion; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005614:Freeze Fracturing; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000378:metabolism; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008081:Liposomes; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D016945:Sulfolobus acidocaldarius / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008081:Liposomes; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D009861:Onium Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010743:Phospholipids; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D011188:Potassium; C013289:tetraphenylphosphonium