title: Laryngeal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Laryngeal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can range from mild ulcerations, vocal cord paralysis, and edema to necrotizing vasculitis with airway obstruction. In this report, four cases showing the range of severity of this disease manifestation are presented, accompanied by a comprehensive review of the literature. The clinical course of 97 patients with laryngeal involvement with SLE are reviewed, of whom 28% had laryngeal edema and 11% had vocal cord paralysis. In the majority of cases, symptoms such as hoarseness, dyspnea, and vocal cord paralysis resolved with corticosteroid therapy. Other, less common causes of this entity included subglottic stenosis, rheumatoid nodules, inflammatory mass lesions, necrotizing vasculitis, and epiglottitis. The clinical presentation of laryngeal involvement in patients with SLE follows a highly variable course, ranging from an asymptomatic state to severe, life-threatening upper airway compromise. With its unpredictable course and multiple causations, this complication remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to physicians involved in the care of patients with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Teitel
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Paget
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D007819:Laryngeal Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012215:Rheumatic Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001379:Azathioprine; D011241:Prednisone