title: Endotoxin and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A induce different patterns of cytokines.
abstract: The effects of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cytokine production were assessed at the single cell level in cells obtained from healthy blood donors. Cytokine production was studied with UV-microscopy of fixed and permeabilized cells stained with cytokine specific monoclonal antibodies. The cytokines evaluated included tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, interferon (IFN)-gamma and TNF-beta. LPS exhibited marked production of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8. After LPS stimulation IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-8 were the dominating products, all peaking at or before 4 hours after cell stimulation. In addition, IL-10 production was evident after 12 hours of cell stimulation. The T-lymphocyte-derived cytokines TNF-beta, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 were never detected in the cultures. All cytokine production, except IL-8, was downregulated at 96 hours. In contrast, peak production of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-8, which were the dominant products, occurred after 12 hours in the SEA-stimulated cultures. Further, a significant T-lymphocyte production of TNF-beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-2 was found with peak production 12-48 hours after initiation. Only low amounts of IL-6 were evident. The two types of cytokine pattern and kinetics found may correspond to the different clinical conditions after invasive Gram-negative Escherichia coli vs Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus infections in humans, with a much more rapid onset of disease after E. coli infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Björk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceska
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal; D007371:Interferon-gamma