title: HIV infection in intravenous drug users entering drug treatment, United States, 1988 to 1989. The Field Services Branch of the Centers for Disease Control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous drug use has played a key role in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Standardized surveillance of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) is needed to determine HIV prevalence rates, to monitor changes in prevalence over time, and to describe behaviors associated with HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1987, the Centers for Disease Control began collaborating with state and local health departments to conduct a national program of HIV seroprevalence surveys in a variety of populations and settings. This program includes unlinked HIV seroprevalence surveys in IVDUs entering sentinel drug treatment programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From April 1988 through December 1989, annual studies were completed in 59 drug treatment centers in 33 US cities. Center-specific seroprevalence rates ranged from 0% to 48.2%, with a median of 4.6%. HIV seroprevalence rates varied widely by geographic area, with rates highest in the Northeast, intermediate in the Middle Atlantic cities of Baltimore and Washington, DC, and lower in other parts of the country. Median rates were 15.6% among African Americans, 3.2% among Hispanics, and 3.3% among Whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous drug use is likely to remain an important factor in HIV transmission. This study supports the need to develop or expand programs to prevent the further introduction and spread of HIV among IVDUs and to prevent HIV transmission to their sexual partners.
authors.affiliation: HIV Seroepidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Onorato
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D003625:Data Collection; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data