title: Transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR by HSV-1 immediate-early genes.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activates transcription from the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). HSV-1 immediate-early (IE) genes ICP0 and ICP4 are thought to be important mediators of this process, which is known to involve the induction of the cellular activators NF-kappa B and Sp1. We demonstrate that ICP0 and ICP4 transactivation of the LTR is largely dependent on the presence of NF-kappa B and Sp1 binding sites. However, in Jurkat CD4-positive lymphocytes, HSV-1 activates LTR constructs lacking all NF-kappa B or Sp1 Binding sequences. This effect is still evident when all sequences upstream of the TATA motif are removed. Such enhancer-independent transactivation can be produced by cotransfection of ICP0 and ICP4. Thus HSV-1 IE genes transactivate the HIV-1 LTR both through the induction of NF-kappa B and Sp1 and through another as yet undefined cellular factor.
authors.affiliation: Medical Virology Section, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rabson
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Straus
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ostrove
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; C050678:IE1 protein, Human herpesvirus 1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C048925:herpes simplex virus, type 1 protein ICP4; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C051804:Vmw110 protein, Human herpesvirus 1