title: Comparison of the benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) test, DNA probes, and immunological reagents for ability to detect anaerobic periodontal infections due to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Bacteroides forsythus.
abstract: Most forms of periodontal disease are associated with the presence or overgrowth of anaerobic species that could include Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Bacteroides forsythus among others. These three organisms are among the few cultivable plaque species that can hydrolyze the synthetic trypsin substrate benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA). In turn, BANA hydrolysis by the plaque can be associated with periodontal morbidity and with the presence of these three BANA-positive organisms in the plaque. In this investigation, the results of the BANA test, which simultaneously detects one or more of these organisms, were compared with the detection of these organisms by (i) highly specific antibodies to P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and B. forsythus; (ii) whole genomic DNA probes to P. gingivalis and T. denticola; and (iii) culturing or microscopic procedures. The BANA test, the DNA probes, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or an indirect immunofluorescence assay procedure exhibited high sensitivities, i.e., 90 ot 96%, and high accuracies, i.e., 83 to 92%, in their ability to detect combinations of these organisms in over 200 subgingival plaque samples taken from the most periodontally diseased sites in 67 patients. This indicated that if P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and B. forsythus are appropriate marker organisms for an anaerobic periodontal infection, then the three detection methods are equally accurate in their ability to diagnose this infection. The same statement could not be made for the culturing approach, where accuracies of 50 to 62% were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48109-1078.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Loesche
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lopatin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alcoforado
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hujoel
mesh_terms: D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001587:Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide; D015342:DNA Probes; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014208:Treponema / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D001587:Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide