title: An evaluation of IUD insertion by a non-clinical delivery system.
abstract: To evaluate the safety, effectiveness, side-effects, and continuation rate associated with non-clinical IUD insertion compared to IUD insertion in routine clinical facilities, a cohort comparative study was done on two groups of IUD users self-selected for either the non-clinical or clinical delivery system in Yogyakarta Special Area Province. During the months of January to March 1985, 454 non-clinical and 625 clinical acceptors were recruited into this study. However, only 414 non-clinical and 605 clinical acceptors fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Bleeding and pain were the most common side-effects reported by acceptors. The frequency of bleeding was higher in the non-clinical group than in the clinical group. However, the difference was a not statistically significant relative risk (RR) of 1.09 (0.8-1.4) to 1.2 (0.9-1.5). Severe menstrual blood loss mostly occurred in the first three months after insertion and then declined in the rest of the year in both groups. The frequency of pain was not clearly different between the two groups during the whole year, with RR 0.8 (0.5-1.3) to 1.3 (0.8-2.0). The actual number of pregnancies was very small and the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.375). The 12-month expulsion rates were 7.22 per 100 IUD users for the non-clinical group and 7.00 for the clinical group. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.660). The cumulative probability of women who were still using IUDs at 12 months was 89.7% and 89.1% for the non-clinical and clinical groups, respectively. The non-clinical delivery system seemed to be responsive to an unmet demand for family planning among women with lower educational background compared with those in the clinical setting service. While the characteristics of a population obviously influence the contraceptive behavior, this study shows that the non-clinical delivery system family planning method provides a similarly efficacious and safe service to the usual clinical system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anwar
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004522:Educational Status; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008880:Midwifery; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D016019:Survival Analysis