title: Administration of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I to patients following major gastrointestinal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to study the pharmacokinetic parameters and biological activity of a single dose of human recombinant IGF-I (rhIGF-I) administered to patients following major gastrointestinal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double blind placebo controlled externally randomized study of 30 patients; the study commencing 24 hours after major colonic or gastric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a baseline blood sampling day, IGF-I (40 micrograms/kg by single subcutaneous dose, n = 20) or placebo (n = 10) was administered and serum and urine samples collected over the ensuing 72 hours. Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3), GH and insulin were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum IGF bioactivity was assessed using a validated porcine cartilage bioassay. Serum and urinary electrolytes were measured by standard methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum immunoreactive IGF-I levels peaked at 4 hours following injection of IGF-I (1.09 +/- 0.12 U/ml mean +/- SEM), remained elevated for 15 hours and returned to basal levels by 24 hours after injection. IGF bioactivity was increased by 57% 6 hours after IGF-I injection. Mean levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3, IGF-II and GH were unaffected by IGF-I administration. Insulin levels were suppressed at 30 minutes following injection of IGF-I compared with the placebo group (16.9 +/- 3.0 mU/I vs 32.3 +/- 7.1, P = 0.02); thereafter, there were no differences in insulin levels. The mean change in serum creatinine following IGF-I (-6.3 +/- 3.0 mmol/l) was significantly different from that in the control group (+7.2 +/- 6.2, P = 0.03). Creatinine clearance rose from a mean of 71.6 +/- 7.5 ml/min to 83.2 +/- 7.6 ml/min after IGF-I treatment (P = 0.02). In the IGF treated patients, cholesterol levels consistently fell (-0.20 +/- 0.05 mmol/l); this was not observed in the placebo group (+0.20 +/- 0.14, P = 0.006). Basal serum potassium levels in the IGF treatment group (4.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) fell to 3.8 +/- 0.1 at 4 hours (P = 0.002) and 3.6 +/- 0.1 at 10 hours (P = 0.001) returning to a level of 4.0 +/- 0.1 (P = 0.293) at 24 hours after injection. There were no other observed differences in serum or urinary electrolytes or serum free fatty acids and triglycerides. Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from baseline adjusted IGF-I measurements revealed a slow absorption of the administered dose with a Tmax of 5.0 +/- 0.43 hours and an elimination half-life of 10.8 +/- 1.2 hours. The computed volume of distribution was 0.33 +/- 0.05 I/kg and the clearance on average 25 ml/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single subcutaneous dose of IGF-I normalized circulating IGF-I levels in post-operative patients, was well tolerated and without side-effects. IGF bioactivity was increased and associated with a fall in serum cholesterol, potassium and creatinine levels and a rise in creatinine clearance. Further long-term studies are now required to assess the anabolic effects of rhIGF-I in this type of patient group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, King's College School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Miell
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rennie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leicester
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003082:Colectomy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D013006:Growth Hormone; D002784:Cholesterol; D011188:Potassium