title: Raynaud's phenomenon: subjective influence of female sex hormones.
abstract: Recent studies with standardized laboratory measurements of skin blood flow suggest an influence of female sex hormones on vasospasm. Therefore we evaluated the influence of sex hormonal status on the subjective complaints of Raynaud's phenomenon and furthermore the combined presence of Raynaud's phenomenon and migraine. A detailed questionnaire was filled in by 130 primary Raynaud patients (31 males, 99 females), while 27 females, with regular menstrual cycles without the use of oral contraceptives, kept a diary with daily registration (during three months) of frequency, severity and duration of the vasospastic attacks. Complaints improved during pregnancy in 6 out of 23 females. No influence of the menopause or the use of oral contraceptives was found. An exacerbation in some phases of the menstrual cycle was present in 15 out of 80 females. The diaries, however, did not show such influence of menstrual cycle phase. Migraine was present in 21% of the Raynaud patients. In contrast to most reports in the literature and contrary to the results of laboratory research, this study shows that most females do not experience an important subjective influence of sex hormonal status on vasospastic attacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bartelink
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wollersheim
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van de Lisdonk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones