title: Effects of trigeminal neurotransmitters on piglet pial arterioles.
abstract: We investigated effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and neurokinin A (NKA) on pial arterioles in newborn pigs. Pial arteriolar diameter was determined using a closed cranial window and intravital microscopy. Initial diameters were approximately 100 microns. Calcitonin-gene related peptide dilated pial arterioles by 22 +/- 8% at 10(-9)M and by 34 +/- 6% at 10(-8)M (n = 8), and this response was not significantly altered by prior administration of indomethacin (5mg/kg, iv) (n = 6) or administration of NG-methyl-L-arginine (5mg/kg, iv, and 10(-3)M in CSF) (n = 10). Substance P dilated arterioles at 10(-10)M through 10(-5)M (maximal response = 23 +/- 3%) (n = 6), and this response was unaffected by indomethacin administration (n = 6). In contrast, NG-methyl-L-arginine blocked much of the pial arteriolar dilation to SP. Unlike the other two peptides, NKA did not change pial arteriolar diameter. Radioimmunoassay determinations indicated that cerebrospinal fluid levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 and prostaglandin E2 did not change appreciably during application of CGRP or SP. We conclude that CGRP and SP but not NKA are dilator stimuli in the piglet pial circulation. Dilation by CGRP probably involves direct activation of receptors on vascular smooth muscle, while SP probably partially dilates pial arterioles via release of an endothelium-dependent relaxing factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Busija
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007213:Indomethacin; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D013373:Substance P / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013373:Substance P; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D015288:Neurokinin A; D001120:Arginine; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin