title: Epidemiological study of malaria in north Sulawesi, Indonesia by fluorescence and Giemsa staining.
abstract: An epidemiological study of malaria infection was conducted in the Likupang District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, during August 2-15, 1991. In this study, 510 people of six villages, representing ages between 1 month to 84 years cooperated voluntarily. Blood smears stained with Giemsa and acridine orange (AO), revealed 33 and 83 malaria parasite positives respectively. This significant difference was due particularly to the fact that AO staining examined under either a daylight- or halogen-illuminated microscope equipped with interference filters was sensitive to detect low-density parasitemia in many subjects previously diagnosed negative by Giemsa staining in the field. The low malaria prevalence obtained by Giemsa staining may have been attributable to the lack of standard-quality diagnostic tools in the field or inadequate observation of the slides. In both staining methods, Plasmodium falciparum was found to be the predominant species, while the remainings were P. vivax or a mixture of both. Subjects infected with P. vivax revealed higher density of parasitemia and gametocytemia than those with P. falciparum.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.lastname: Syafruddin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Nainggolan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tumewu-Wagey
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mandagi-Waworuntu
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Kapojos
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001399:Azure Stains; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001399:Azure Stains; D000165:Acridine Orange