title: A comparison of leakage of filling materials in demineralized and non-demineralized resected root ends under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions.
abstract: A study was conducted to compare the marginal apical leakage of root-end filling materials under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions, and to assess the effect of demineralization by application of citric acid to the root ends on the apical marginal leakage of root end filling materials. The root canals of 148 extracted human canines and premolars were handfiled and sealed with gutta-percha and Roth's 801 sealer using cold lateral condensation. The teeth were divided into 8 groups that received retrofilling materials. The materials tested were amalgam, IRM and gutta-percha/sealer with and without successive application of citric acid. Half of the specimens were placed under vacuum conditions in methylene blue dye, and the other half were placed in the dye for the same time period without exhausting air from the flask. The teeth were split longitudinally and the extent of dye penetration was determined with a stereomicroscope and eyepiece micrometer. The most evident difference in dye penetration was found between the positive control groups. Under vacuum conditions, the positive controls showed complete penetration of the unobturated canal system with dye. With passive immersion only partial penetration of the unobturated canal system occurred. Application of citric acid to the root end did not adversely affect the seal of amalgam, IRM or gutta-percha/sealer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019343:Citric Acid; D003481:Cuspid; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D012107:Research Design; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000150:complications; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D019343:Citric Acid