Cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses: do they have a role in the development of accelerated coronary arterial disease in human heart allografts?
In conclusion, a great deal of indirect and inferential data point to herpesviruses as having a role in atherogenesis. It has been shown that the herpesviruses are able to remain within vascular tissue in a latent state, allowing for reactivation to occur with subsequent sequelae of an active infection. Herpesviruses affect the cellular metabolic activity of cells, induce the accumulation of lipids, and inhibit the production of matrix proteins. They have the ability to inhibit endothelial cell binding to the basement membrane. It is also known that the herpesviruses, particularly CMV, can initiate a variety of immunologic responses that may contribute to endothelial damage, precipitating atherogenesis. We are only beginning to understand how CMV may participate in ACAD. Greater attention must be focused on the exact cause-and-effect relationship between CMV infection and ACAD. Even the presence of CMV genomes in arterial walls of allografts must be viewed conservatively in the knowledge of CMV ubiquity and other probable contributions to ACAD. If CMV is involved in the development of ACAD, as an active or latent infection, directly or indirectly, it probably involves numerous coexistent mechanisms (Figure 5).
Kendall
T J
TJ
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 69198-6495.
Wilson
J E
JE
Radio
S J
SJ
Kandolf
R
R
Gulizia
J M
JM
Winters
G L
GL
Costanzo-Nordin
M R
MR
Malcom
G T
GT
Thieszen
S L
SL
Miller
L W
LW
D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous