title: A new family of heparin binding growth/differentiation factors: differential expression of the midkine (MK) and HB-GAM genes during mouse development.
abstract: MK (midkine) and HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule) constitute a new family of heparin-binding growth differentiation factors. The modes of expression of MK and HB-GAM during mouse development were quantitatively examined by mRNA hybridization. The following three distinct patterns of expression were observed in the brain/head region. On the 11th-13th days of gestation, MK was intensely, but HB-GAM relatively weakly expressed; on the 15th-19th days, both MK and HB-GAM expression became weaker; and in the neonatal period, HB-GAM was intensely expressed and MK expression increased slightly. The level of HB-GAM expression was lower than that of MK in the whole embryo on the 11th to 13th days of gestation. HB-GAM mRNA was detected in the kidney of newborn and young mice, where MK was more highly expressed. The identity of the weakly expressed MK and HB-GAM signals was confirmed by means of the polymerase chain reaction in the neonatal brain (MK), the head of 13-day embryos (HB-GAM), and the kidney of 7-day-old mice (HB-GAM). In conclusion, MK and HB-GAM are frequently co-expressed in the same cells and anatomic regions of the fetus or new born mouse, while their modes of expression differ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics*; D006493:Heparin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D000078792:Midkine; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C066845:pleiotrophin; D000078792:Midkine; D006493:Heparin