title: Evidence that ATP released from the postsynaptic site by noradrenaline, is involved in mechanical responses of guinea-pig vas deferens: cascade transmission.
abstract: The release of endogenous ATP and [3H]noradrenaline, and the mechanical response of the guinea-pig vas deferens to field stimulation of its motor nerves were examined using a perfusion system. The release of ATP at rest was 0.83 +/- 0.13 pmol/g per min, and ATP released by field stimulation (8 Hz, 480 shocks) was 5.47 +/- 1.23 pmol/g. The evoked release was completely inhibited when Ca2+ was removed and 1 mM EGTA was added, or by 1 microM tetrodotoxin. The release of ATP and [3H]noradrenaline in response to field stimulation was constant with an S2/S1 ratio of 1.10 +/- 0.11 for ATP and 0.92 +/- 0.03 for [3H]noradrenaline, respectively (where S1 and S2 are stimulation periods). Prazosin (1 microM), a potent alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, significantly reduced the stimulation-evoked release of ATP by 75% and significantly reduced both mechanical twitch and tonic responses, but enhanced the release of [3H]noradrenaline. This finding indicates that there is an alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated release of endogenous ATP. However, the prazosin-insensitive portion of ATP release (25%) is considered to be of presynaptic origin. The stimulation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors by 1-noradrenaline or methoxamine in concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 microM resulted in a concentration-dependent release of ATP and a biphasic contraction of the vas deferens: a twitch response was followed by a tonic contraction. Prazosin (1 microM) completely prevented the effect of 1-noradrenaline or methoxamine on both ATP release and mechanical response. When Ca2+ was omitted and EGTA (1 mM) was added, 1-noradrenaline was still able to release ATP but failed to produce contraction. Nifedipine, a Ca-channel and ATP receptor antagonist, reduced the twitch contraction and enhanced the release of ATP from muscle in response to noradrenaline administration. This finding indicates that the release of ATP from the muscle is not linked to mechanical contraction. When the vas deferens was made deficient in noradrenaline by 6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment (100 + 250 mg/kg, i.p.), electrical field stimulation failed to release [3H]noradrenaline and ATP. Under these conditions, exogenous 1-noradrenaline was much more effective in releasing ATP from the smooth muscle, and producing twitch responses, followed by a tonic contraction. After reserpine pretreatment (2 x 5 mg/kg, i.p.), the field stimulation-evoked release of ATP and both phases of contraction were markedly reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Vizi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sperlágh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baranyi
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D008729:Methoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008729:Methoxamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011224:Prazosin