Varicella-zoster virus encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of four cases.
Four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a 27-year-old female intravenous drug abuser and three males (two drug addicts aged 27 and 33 years and a 40-year-old homosexual) presented with a rapidly progressive encephalopathy. Two had generalized varicella-zoster virus skin infection, one had had a regressive thoracic zoster rash 7 months previously and one had no history of cutaneous eruption. Neuropathological examination revealed, in each case, multifocal necrotic changes with numerous, intranuclear Cowdry type A inclusion bodies in glial cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and neurons, within and around the lesions. These inclusion bodies were stained positively for varicella-zoster virus by immunocytochemistry and contained herpes virus nucleocapsids by electron microscopy. Molecular biology using the polymerase-chain-reaction method demonstrated viral genome. In one case, zoster-induced non-inflammatory vasculopathy involved medium sized leptomeningeal vessels and was associated with circumscribed areas of cortico-subcortical infarction. In another case, varicella-zoster virus encephalitis was associated with human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis and a secondary cerebral lymphoma. Multinucleated giant cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus proteins in their cytoplasm, were found in the lymphomatous deposits and in the varicella-zoster virus necrotic lesions. In these latter lesions, Cowdry type A inclusion bodies could be seen in the nuclei of some multinucleated giant cells confirming previous observations of MGCs co-infected by HIV and CMV, and supporting the hypothesis that DNA viruses interact with HIV, thus increasing its effect.
Gray
F
F
Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, Université Paris-Val de Marne France.
Mohr
M
M
Rozenberg
F
F
Belec
L
L
Lescs
M C
MC
Dournon
E
E
Sinclair
E
E
Scaravilli
F
F
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006562:Herpes Zoster / Q000150:complications; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
D004279:DNA, Viral; D015335:Molecular Probes