title: Evaluation of a live attenuated, cold-adapted parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine in children.
abstract: Cold passage 18 (CP18) parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 95 infants and young children. None of 19 seropositive older children 41 to 124 months old became infected when 10(6) 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of vaccine virus was administered intranasally. Two of nine and seven of twenty-four young seropositive children given 10(5) or 10(6) TCID50 of CP18 PIV-3, respectively, became infected. Each of four seronegative young children became infected, as indicated by virus shedding and antibody response, when given 10(6) TCID50 of CP18 PIV-3 intranasally. Illness was not observed in seropositive children. Two of the four seronegative children developed a mild illness characterized by rhinorrhea and wheezing on auscultation; none had fever. In one case, vaccine virus spread from a vaccine to a sibling control but did not cause illness. The vaccine is attenuated relative to wild-type PIV-3, but additional attenuation will be required to achieve a satisfactory PIV-3 vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Belshe
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Karron
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinhoff
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Tierney
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines