title: The coordination of posture and voluntary movement in patients with cerebellar dysfunction.
abstract: Postural adjustments associated with the task of rising on tiptoes were investigated in a reaction time paradigm in 10 normal subjects and 18 patients with cerebellar disorders. Cerebellar dysfunction was due to either degenerative cerebellar disease, tumor, or ischemia. Displacements of the center of foot pressure (CFP) were recorded. The task, accomplished by the triceps surae muscle (executional activity, mean latency of 411 ms), is mechanically effective only if the center of gravity has been shifted forward in advance. To this effect, a phasic burst of preparatory EMG activity in the tibialis anterior normally occurs at a mean latency of 163 ms, shifting the center of gravity forward. Shortly thereafter, activity of the quadriceps femoris (175 ms) extends the knee and aids the forward shift of the center of gravity. Different aspects of this motor sequence were disturbed in individual patients: Latencies of preparatory and executional activity were uncorrelated in 15 of the 18 patients. Executional (n = 16) or preparatory (n = 13) EMG activity was tonic instead of phasic. Latencies of either preparatory or executional EMG activities or both were prolonged (n = 10). The time interval between motor preparation and execution was increased (n = 9). The trial-to-trial variability of biomechanical parameters and EMG latency was increased. Preparatory EMG activity in the quadriceps was entirely missing (n = 9), resulting in knee bending at the unsuccessful attempt to rise on tiptoes. Patients who were most severely affected had no preparatory activity at all (n = 2), and therefore were unable to perform the task.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Kliniken Schnarrenberg, F.R.G.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dichgans
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guschlbauer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klockgether
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009849:Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D014202:Tremor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology