title: The intermediate syndrome in organophosphate poisoning: presentation of a case and review of the literature.
abstract: A dimethoate-poisoned woman gradually developed a moderately severe cholinergic crisis that was readily treated by atropine. After being symptom-free for nearly two days, she suffered from sudden life-threatening respiratory paresis and weakness of the facial, extraocular, neck flexor and proximal limb muscles. Muscarinic symptoms were absent. Cholinesterase inhibition was severe, and EMG revealed marked decrements at low rates of repetitive nerve stimulation, and increments at a high rate. The clinical course was compatible with the Intermediate Syndrome. This syndrome seems due to persistent cholinesterase inhibition presumably leading to combined pre- and postsynaptic impairment of neuromuscular transmission. Inadequate pralidoxime therapy is proposed but not established as contributory. Prolonged monitoring of respiratory function in patients poisoned by particular organophosphate agents is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Bleecker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Den Neucker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000506:poisoning*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012133:Respiratory Paralysis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D013577:Syndrome; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D001285:Atropine; C028797:pralidoxime; D004117:Dimethoate