title: 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3, a steroid hormone that produces biologic effects via both genomic and nongenomic pathways.
abstract: The hormonally active form of vitamin D is 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. This seco-steroid is the key mediator of the vitamin D endocrine system which produces biological effects in over 28 target tissues. In these target tissues, the biological responses may be generated both by a signal transduction mechanism which involves a nuclear receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 that modulates gene transcription or a signal transduction pathway which involves rapid opening of Ca2+ channels which are externally located on the plasma membrane. This paper reviews the evidence in support of the pleiotropic effects of this steroid hormone and presents evidence that the receptor of the genomic effects is likely to be separate from the receptor/membrane recognition element which initiates the rapid nongenomic biological effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside 92521.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nemere
authors.forename: L X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Maiyar
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taoka
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sergeev
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Farach-Carson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D064026:Calbindins; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000502:physiology*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000235:genetics; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D064026:Calbindins; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D006728:Hormones; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D015675:Osteocalcin; D002117:Calcitriol; D002118:Calcium