title: Cardiovascular responses to stress in young hypertensive women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the haemodynamic effects of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle in 11 hypertensive women aged between 29 and 38 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  In randomized order, the subjects were examined on days 2-7 (follicular phase) and on days 20-24 (luteal phase). All medication was withdrawn on average 5 weeks prior to the experiment. The results in the hypertensive group were compared with those of a control group consisting of 11 normotensive women aged between 21 and 46 years who had earlier taken part in an identical experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized mental stress test and a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate recording were performed. RESULTS. Prestress resting heart rate was significantly higher in the hypertensive group and a significant difference was maintained throughout the entire stress experiment. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased highly significantly in both groups during the exposure to mental stress, but no difference in heart rate or blood pressure reactivity between the normotensive and hypertensive groups was found in either phase. Heart rate reactivity did not differ during the two phases in the hypertensive group, in contrast to our previous findings in normotensives. During 24-h ambulatory recording both groups had slightly but significantly higher heart rate and systolic blood pressure in the luteal phase. In the hypertensives the diastolic blood pressure was also higher in this phase. Both groups had significantly higher serum oestradiol and progesterone levels in the luteal phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that female sex hormones affect cardiovascular control in both normotensive and hypertensive women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Ostra Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manhem
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jern
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilhall
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015924:Blood Pressure Monitors; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011374:Progesterone / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine