title: Studies to determine whether an interaction exists among boron, calcium, and cholecalciferol on the skeletal development of broiler chickens.
abstract: Two experiments were designed to determine the effect of dietary boron on broiler cockerels and four experiments were conducted to determine whether an interaction exists among dietary boron, cholecalciferol, and calcium. The parameters measured were weight gain, feed efficiency, tibia bone ash, rickets, tibial dyschondroplasia, and plasma minerals. All experiments were conducted with tibial dyschondroplasia-inducing basal diets fed to broiler cockerels from 1 to 16 days of age. Experiments 1 and 2 had four levels of dietary boron (0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg (Experiment 1) and 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg (Experiment 2). Boron had no effect on weight gain, feed efficiency, or plasma minerals in either experiment. In Experiment 2, increasing levels of boron had no influence on tibial dyschondroplasia but did exert a quadratic effect on bone ash with 5 and 10 mg/kg boron increasing bone ash. In Experiment 1, bone ash and the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia were unaffected, but the severity of tibial dyschondroplasia linearly increased by increasing boron levels. Experiments 3 to 6 had a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with calcium at .65 and .90%, cholecalciferol at 110 and 1,100 ICU/kg, and boron at 0 and 40 mg/kg (Experiments 3 to 5) or 0 and 3 mg/kg (Experiment 6). The higher levels of calcium and cholecalciferol improved weight gain, decreased the incidence of rickets, and decreased the incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia. Feeding cholecalciferol at 1,100 ICU/kg increased plasma calcium and plasma dialyzable phosphorus and decreased plasma magnesium. Calcium at .90% had no effect on plasma magnesium or plasma dialyzable phosphorus and increased plasma calcium only in Experiment 4. The only response to boron in Experiments 3 to 6 was a boron effect and a boron by cholecalciferol interaction on bone ash in Experiment 3, in which boron reduced bone ash at .65% calcium and 110 ICU/kg cholecalciferol. From these experiments, there is no indication that an interaction among boron, cholecalciferol, and calcium exists in broiler cockerels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D001895:Boron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012279:Rickets / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D013977:Tibia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D010758:Phosphorus; D008274:Magnesium; D001895:Boron; D002118:Calcium