title: The requirement of a positive charge at the amino terminus can be compensated for by a longer central hydrophobic stretch in the functioning of signal peptides.
abstract: A variety of model presecretory proteins, proOmpF-Lpps, possessing different numbers of lysine residues (0, 2, and 4) as positively charged amino acid residues and different numbers of leucine residues (7, 8, and 9) as hydrophobic amino acid residues in their signal peptides were constructed. The effect of positive charges on the in vitro translocation efficiency markedly differed with the number of leucine residues. Positive charges were strongly required for translocation when the hydrophobic region comprised 7 or 8 leucine residues, whereas the translocation of proOmpF-Lpps possessing 9 leucine residues took place efficiently even in the absence of positive charges and the introduction of positive charges did not significantly enhance the translocation efficiency. The translocation of all the proOmpF-Lpps, including one possessing no positive charge, was ATP-, protonmotive force-, and SecA-dependent and accompanied by signal peptide cleavage, indicating that they are translocated via the usual secretory pathway. It is likely that the requirement of positive charges can be compensated for by a longer hydrophobic stretch in the functioning of the signal peptide.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hikita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizushima
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007700:Kinetics; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011522:Protons; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000069816:SEC Translocation Channels; D000081416:SecA Proteins
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011522:Protons; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000069816:SEC Translocation Channels; C068862:proOmpF-Lpp secretory protein, recombinant; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000081416:SecA Proteins