title: Dibutyryl cyclic AMP attenuates lung responses induced by endotoxin in conscious sheep.
abstract: Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) could inhibit the production of prostanoids and modulate the pulmonary vascular responses induced by endotoxin. Diffuse lung injury after endotoxemia in sheep is accompanied by the production of prostanoids and an increase in endothelial permeability. To determine whether exogenous DBcAMP could prevent the endotoxin responses, we measured pulmonary hemodynamics, gas exchange, and lung lymph responses to an intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (1.0 micrograms/kg over 30 min) in unanesthetized sheep in the presence and absence of DBcAMP (30 micrograms/kg/min) infused intravenously for 6 h beginning 1 h before endotoxin infusion or for 4.5 h after 30 min of treatment with endotoxin infusion. We also measured circulating leukocytes and lung lymph and plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and prostacyclin (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) metabolites by radioimmunoassay. DBcAMP infusion before endotoxin infusion decreased endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia and markedly attenuated the increased lung lymph flow and lymph protein clearance. DBcAMP after endotoxin only attenuated the increased lung lymph flow and lymph protein clearance. DBcAMP treatment both before and after endotoxin infusion blocked endotoxin-induced increases in lung lymph and plasma TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. DBcAMP did not affect the number of circulating leukocytes. Although DBcAMP alone did not affect the pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics and lung lymph balance, the potential that DBcAMP directly modulates the pulmonary vascular responses to endotoxin as a vasodilator could be expected. We conclude that DBcAMP infusion attenuates lung dysfunction caused by endotoxemia, possibly by preventing prostanoid release and modulating the pulmonary vascular responses.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyofuku
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015633:Extravascular Lung Water / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008196:Lymph / Q000737:chemistry; D010976:Platelet Count / Q000187:drug effects; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012756:Sheep; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D003994:Bucladesine; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli