title: Effects of flumazenil on intravenous lidocaine-induced convulsions and anticonvulsant property of diazepam in rats.
abstract: We investigated the effect of flumazenil on intravenous (IV) lidocaine-induced convulsions with and without diazepam pretreatment in rats. Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided into four groups of seven each and were pretreated with IV diazepam or normal saline solution at 6 min and flumazenil or normal saline solution at 3 min before lidocaine infusion. The control group received normal saline solution; the diazepam group received 0.2 mg/kg of diazepam and normal saline solution; the diazepam+flumazenil group received 0.2 mg/kg of diazepam and 0.1 mg/kg of flumazenil; and the flumazenil group received normal saline solution and 0.1 mg/kg of flumazenil. After surgical preparation and recovery from anesthesia, all groups received a continuous IV infusion of lidocaine (15 mg/mL) at a rate of 4 mg.kg-1.min-1 until tonic/clonic convulsions occurred. The values of pH and blood gases were maintained within physiologic ranges. Heart rate was significantly decreased after 5 min of lidocaine infusion, but arterial blood pressure did not change until convulsions occurred in all groups. Pretreatment with diazepam alone increased both cumulative convulsant doses and plasma concentrations of lidocaine at the onset of convulsions. Flumazenil reversed these effects of diazepam. Pretreatment with flumazenil alone changed neither cumulative convulsant doses nor plasma concentrations of lidocaine at the onset of convulsions. Our data show that IV flumazenil reverses the anticonvulsant property of IV diazepam against lidocaine-induced convulsions and that flumazenil itself has no effect on lidocaine-induced convulsions in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7415.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D003292:Convulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001639:Bicarbonates; D003292:Convulsants; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005442:Flumazenil; D008012:Lidocaine; D003975:Diazepam; D010100:Oxygen