title: Comparison of behavioral and radioprotective effects of WR-2721 and WR-3689.
abstract: The behavioral effects of the radioprotectant agents ethiofos, S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) and S-2-(3-methylaminopropyl)aminoethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-3689) were evaluated in rats trained to respond under a multiple fixed-interval 120-s, fixed-ratio 50-response (mult FI FR) schedule of milk reinforcement. Each compound produced dose-dependent reductions in responding under both schedules over the same dose range (100-180 mg/kg, IP); ED50s indicated that WR-3689 was slightly more potent than WR-2721. On several performance measures, WR-3689 produced greater decrements during a second dose-effect determination, whereas WR-2721 had more pronounced effects during the initial one. In a second series of studies, low (56 mg/kg) and high (180 mg/kg) doses of both drugs were tested for radioprotective effects in rats responding under an FR-50 schedule of milk reinforcement and exposed to a nonlethal (5 gray, Gy) or lethal (10 Gy) dose of ionizing radiation (60Co gamma rays). Neither dose of radiation altered FR response rates on the day of exposure (day 1). Five Gy of gamma radiation produced a 25-40% reduction in response rates on days 2-5 (24-72 h) after exposure. Neither dose of WR-2721 or WR-3689 provided significant protection against these performance decrements. All groups exposed to 10 Gy experienced a progressive decline in FR responding on days 2-5 after exposure. Performance of groups that received pretreatment with the 180-mg/kg dose of either drug or the 56-mg/kg dose of WR-3689 was maintained at significantly higher levels than saline-treated controls on days 4-5 after exposure to 10 Gy; however, even at these higher levels of performance response rates remained below 50% of preirradiation control levels. Subsequently, 56 and 180 mg/kg WR-3689 and 180 mg/kg WR-2721 were found to provide protection against the lethal consequences of the 10-Gy exposure. Thus, neither WR-2721 nor WR-3689 afforded any significant short-term protection against radiation-induced performance decrements when these drugs were administered at either behaviorally ineffective or behaviorally disruptive doses. Rather, the beneficial effects of these drugs paralleled their ability to antagonize radiation-induced lethality.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Sciences Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889-5145.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Franz
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; C049344:S-2-(3-methylaminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid; D004999:Amifostine