title: Calcium signaling and episodic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamic neurons.
abstract: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released episodically into the pituitary portal vessels and from hypothalamic tissue of male and female rats in vitro. Perifused primary cultures of rat hypothalamic neurons, as well as the GT1-1 GnRH neuronal cell line, spontaneously exhibited episodic GnRH secretion of comparable frequency to that observed with perifused hypothalami. Such pulsatile GnRH release from GT1 cells indicates that GnRH neurons generate rhythmic secretory activity in the absence of input from other cell types. In primary hypothalamic cultures, the frequency of GnRH pulses increased with the duration of culture. The spontaneous pulsatility in GnRH release was abolished in Ca(2+)-deficient medium and was markedly attenuated in the presence of nifedipine, an antagonist of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. The basal intracellular Ca2+ level of perifused GT1-1 cells cultured on coverslips was also dose-dependently reduced by nifedipine. Conversely, depolarization with high K+ increased intracellular Ca2+ and GnRH release in an extracellular Ca(2+)-dependent and nifedipine-sensitive manner. The dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K 8644 increased basal and K(+)-induced elevations of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and GnRH secretion. These findings demonstrate that pulsatile neuropeptide secretion is an intrinsic property of GnRH neuronal networks and is dependent on voltage-sensitive Ca2+ influx for its maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Krsmanović
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Stojilković
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merelli
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Catt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010507:Periodicity; D011188:Potassium / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D009543:Nifedipine; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium