title: Local anesthesia in rhinoplasty: a new twist?
abstract: Twenty volunteers were asked to compare pain upon injection during septorhinoplasty using buffered versus unbuffered local anesthetics. The concentration of the buffer was one part sodium bicarbonate to five parts local. The surgeons performing the operation were asked to identify any difference in hemostasis or duration of anesthesia. Eighteen of twenty patients found the buffered anesthetic to be less painful and better tolerated. No difference in hemostasis or duration of action was noted between the buffered or unbuffered solution, however, faster onset of action was noted with the buffered solution. The addition of sodium bicarbonate as a buffering agent to the local anesthetics lidocaine and bupivacaine can significantly reduce pain upon injection. A solution of 5cc 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, 5cc 0.25% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, and 2cc of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate mixed just prior to injection is a safe, effective, less painful local anesthetic with rapid onset of action and full efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Metzinger
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lyons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002045:Bupivacaine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D012964:Sodium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D008012:Lidocaine; D012964:Sodium; D002045:Bupivacaine