title: Detection of group C rotavirus antigens and antibodies in animals and humans by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
abstract: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed to detect group (gp) C rotavirus antigens and antibodies. Both assays were confirmed to be specific for gp C rotavirus by using serogroup A, B, and C rotaviruses; hyperimmune antisera to these serogroups of rotaviruses; and paired serum specimens from animals infected with gp C rotaviruses. The ELISA for antigen detection reacted not only with porcine gp C rotaviruses but also with human and bovine gp C rotaviruses. Following experimental challenge of gnotobiotic pigs with porcine gp C rotavirus, the virus was found by ELISA in all diarrheic feces. A high prevalence of antibodies to gp C rotaviruses was detected in sera from adult pigs (93 to 97%) and cattle (47 to 56%) in the United States and Japan. However, no antibody to gp C rotavirus was detected in the sera (n = 20) of adult horses in the United States. In human sera from Hokkaido, Japan, 3% of children and 13% of adults possessed antibody to gp C rotaviruses. These results suggest that the ELISA that we developed may be useful for surveying gp C rotavirus infections in animals and humans. On the basis of serology, gp C rotavirus infections are common in pigs and cattle in the United States and Japan, but they occur at lower levels in humans from the Hokkaido area of Japan.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Prefectural Shintoku Animal Husbandry Experiment Station, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsunemitsu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Saif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral