title: Artificial cells: 35 years.
abstract: The first artificial cells were prepared 35 years ago. They contain biologically active materials. They are now being used in medicine and biotechnology. Artificial cells containing adsorbents are already a routine form of treatment in hemoperfusion. This includes treatment for acute poisoning, high blood aluminum and iron, kidney failure, some types of acute liver failure, and other conditions. Artificial cells are being tested for use as red blood cell substitutes. Artificial cells containing cell culture are being tested in animals for the treatment of diabetes, liver failure, and others. Artificial cells containing enzymes are being tested for treatment in hereditary enzyme deficiency diseases and other diseases. Artificial cells containing complex enzyme system can convert wastes like urea and ammonia into useful amino acids. In biotechnology, artificial cells are being used for the production of monoclonal antibodies, interferons, and other biotechnological products. They are also being investigated for use in other applications in biotechnology, chemical engineering, and medicine.
authors.affiliation: Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001187:Artificial Organs; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001802:Blood Substitutes; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D004798:Enzymes; D006464:Hemoperfusion; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D004798:Enzymes