title: Misfolding and aggregation of newly synthesized proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
abstract: As a part of our studies on the folding of glycoproteins in the ER, we analyzed the fate of viral glycoproteins that have misfolded either spontaneously or through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation. Newly synthesized Semliki Forest virus spike glycoproteins E1 and p62 and influenza hemagglutinin were studied in infected and transfected tissue culture cells. Misfolded proteins aggregated in less than 1 min after release from polysomes and aberrant interchain disulfide bonds were formed immediately. When more than one protein was misfolded, mixed aggregates were generated. This indicated that the formation of complexes was nonspecific, random, and not restricted to products from single polysomes. The size of the aggregates varied from small oligomers to complexes of several million daltons. BiP was associated noncovalently with the aggregates and with some of the nonaggregated products. We conclude that aggregation reflects the poor solubility of incompletely folded polypeptide chains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helenius
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D012672:Semliki forest virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014036:Togaviridae Infections / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014415:Tunicamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014415:Tunicamycin