title: The relative importance of familial, reproductive and environmental factors in biliary atresia: etiological implications and effect on patient survival.
abstract: 1. The clinical records of 237 patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) attending King's College Hospital, London, between March 1973 and October 1985 were analyzed in terms of familial and reproductive factors, as well as of their possible effect on patient survival. 2. The male:female ratio was 0.93, and the ages of the patients' mothers and fathers were significantly higher than would have been expected from sibship data. Similarly, the number of first-born children having EHBA was less than expected. 3. In a subsample of 189 mothers, the obstetrical histories of women who had children with associated EHBA (20% of the total) showed: 1) a higher frequency of illness before and during pregnancy; 2) a higher level of pharmaceutical drug consumption during pregnancy, and 3) more fetal losses, especially in the gestation immediately preceding the patient's birth. 4. Age at death (average 15.1 +/- 13.2 months) and survival rates depend critically on surgical intervention and were not related to the presence or absence of extrahepatic malformations or to the type of atresia. 5. The present observations, taken together with those of others, indicate that problems in the reproductive process or exposure to noxious environmental agents may be etiological factors in associated EHBA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Salzano
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mowat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001656:Biliary Atresia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D001722:Birth Order; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D010331:Paternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution