title: Nisin dissipates the proton motive force of the obligate anaerobe Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679.
abstract: The influence of nisin on the proton motive force (delta p) generated by glucose-energized cells of the obligate putrefactive anaerobe Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 was determined. The components of delta p, the transmembrane potential (delta psi) and the pH gradient (delta pH), were determined from the distributions of the lipophilic cation [3H]TPP+ ([3H]tetraphenylphosphonium bromide) and [14C]salicylic acid, respectively. The cells maintained a constant delta p of -111 mV, consisting of a delta pH of 0.4 to 1.0 pH units at an external pH of 5 to 7 and a delta psi of -60 to -88 mV. Nisin, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) at pH 6.0 elicited the complete release of preaccumulated [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium bromide and [14C]salicylic acid, with a concomitant depletion of delta psi and delta pH. Nisin and DCCD caused rapid drops in intracellular ATP levels from 1.2 to 0.01 and 0.06 nmol/mg of cells (dry weight), respectively. Cells exposed to nisin and DCCD lost the ability to form colonies, thus suggesting that delta psi and delta pH are necessary for cell viability. The data suggest that depletion of delta p and exhaustion of cellular ATP reserves are the basis for nisin inhibition of C. sporogenes PA 3679.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Cook College, Rutgers, State University, New Brunswick 08903-0231.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okereke
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Montville
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D003013:Clostridium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004024:Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006019:Glycolysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009561:Nisin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D009561:Nisin; D004024:Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate