Olive oil, corn oil, and n-3 fatty acids differently affect lipids, lipoproteins, platelets, and superoxide formation in type II hypercholesterolemia.
To evaluate which dietary fat may provide the best response in terms of plasma lipids and lipoproteins and also of platelet aggregability and superoxide formation by white blood cells, 12 type II patients were randomly allocated to three different diets, which provided polyunsaturated fatty acids (corn oil), monounsaturated fatty acids (olive oil), and a supplementation of ethyl esters of n-3 fatty acids to a prudent diet. Olive oil and, more significantly, n-3 ethyl esters lowered total cholesterol best (-2.2% and -5.8%, respectively); the latter diet, as expected, also significantly lowered triglyceridemia (-21.4%). The corn-oil diet exerted a small, statistically significant reduction of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (-4.3%), and it also lowered plasma total apo B concentrations (-3.8%). n-3 ethyl esters significantly raised both total (+3.1%) and particularly HDL2 cholesterol (+24%). Platelet reactivity was insignificantly reduced by the three regimens, but all three significantly reduced thrombin-stimulated formation of thromboxane B2. Finally, only the n-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced O2- generation by adherent monocytes. Dietary unsaturated fatty acids are generally effective on the plasma lipid and lipoproteins in type II patients, but significant differences may be found between the three tested regimens.
Sirtori
C R
CR
Center E Grossi Paoletti, University of Milano, Italy.
Gatti
E
E
Tremoli
E
E
Galli
C
C
Gianfranceschi
G
G
Franceschini
G
G
Colli
S
S
Maderna
P
P
Marangoni
F
F
Perego
P
P
D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D011897:Random Allocation; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
D001053:Apolipoproteins; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D013481:Superoxides; D003314:Corn Oil; D002784:Cholesterol