Treatment and prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease.
The diseases caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) may threaten the life or sight of immunocompromised individuals such as patients undergoing transplantation and those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The management of CMV disease can be difficult. The antiviral agents ganciclovir and foscarnet are effective against CMV retinitis and gastrointestinal diseases, although dose-limiting adverse effects and the need for long-term maintenance therapy may hinder their use in many patients. When used to treat CMV pneumonitis in bone marrow transplant recipients, ganciclovir alone is not as effective as when it is combined with immune globulin. Since CMV disease can be fatal, several protocols have been developed for the transplant patient population, including administration of acyclovir, ganciclovir, screened blood products, and immune globulins.
Levinson
M L
ML
University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy Services, Tucson, Arizona.
Jacobson
P A
PA
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017245:Foscarnet; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012173:Retinitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D017245:Foscarnet; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid; D015774:Ganciclovir