title: Comparison of prognostic factors and survival among black patients and white patients treated with irradiation for non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have reported differences in cancer incidence and survival between populations of Blacks and Whites. A 45% higher death rate from lung cancer for Black men and a survival duration for Black patients with lung cancer that is generally shorter than that for White patients have also been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether race affects known prognostic factors for non-small-cell lung cancer in Black versus White patients. This analysis attempts to determine which prognostic factors may contribute to the reported differences in disease outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from 1565 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated in four randomized prospective trials conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). The data were pooled for a retrospective analysis of survival and prognostic factors by race.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed significant differences between Blacks and Whites with regard to sex, weight loss, histology, and RTOG T stage (P < .05), but the only clinically significant difference (P < or = .01) was weight loss. Despite these findings, overall survival for Blacks and Whites did not differ significantly (P = .67). Median survival for Blacks and Whites with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of 90 or more was 12.1 and 11.3 months, respectively (P = .45). Survival for Blacks and Whites with a KPS of less than 90 was 7.8 and 6.8 months, respectively. Cause of death did not differ between the two races. For both races, KPS, age, sex, weight loss, and RTOG T and N stages were significant prognostic factors for survival (P < .01), but race was not a significant prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies of the differential in cancer survival for Blacks and Whites may be indicated, but greater impact may be achieved by addressing socioeconomic factors, lifestyle and occupational risk factors, health education, and access to adequate health care.
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Geitz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Byhardt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asbell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roach
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Urtasun
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lattin
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D044465:White People