Activation of Ras by insulin in 3T3 L1 cells does not involve GTPase-activating protein phosphorylation.
Insulin-induced differentiation of 3T3 L1 cells to adipocytes can be mimicked by the expression of transfected ras oncogenes but not of the tyrosine-kinase oncogenes src and trk. Expression of two different transfected, dominant inhibitory ras mutants resulted in significant inhibition of insulin-induced differentiation, suggesting that endogenous Ras proteins are mediators of insulin signaling in these cells. Exposure of untransfected 3T3 L1 cells to insulin resulted in significant formation of the active Ras.GTP complex, at levels comparable with those resulting from exposure to platelet-derived growth factor. However, whereas exposure of the same cells to platelet-derived growth factor resulted in significant tyrosine phosphorylation of the p21ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP), insulin-treated cells did not show any detectable levels of de novo GAP tyrosine phosphorylation. Interestingly, insulin caused tyrosine phosphorylation of the p62 polypeptide coprecipitated with GAP by anti-GAP antibodies. Insulin-induced activation of cytosolic MAP kinase activity in untransfected 3T3 L1 cells was also mimicked by Ras expression (in the absence of insulin) in the same cells transfected with an inducible ras construct. These results confirm that Ras proteins participate in insulin signaling pathways in these mammalian cells and indicate that activation of cytosolic MAP kinases is an early event occurring downstream from Ras activation. However, tyrosine phosphorylation of GAP appears not to be a significant upstream regulatory event in the activation of Ras by insulin.
Porras
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Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Nebreda
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AR
Benito
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Santos
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D016475:3T3 Cells; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000187:drug effects*; D016391:Genes, src / Q000187:drug effects; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D020917:Receptor, trkA; D014162:Transfection; D020703:ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020703:ras GTPase-Activating Proteins; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D003907:Dexamethasone; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020917:Receptor, trkA; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases