title: Lysine 356 is a critical residue for binding the C-6 phospho group of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase domain of rat liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase.
abstract: Lysine 356 has been implicated by protein modification studies as a fructose-2,6-bisphosphate binding site residue in the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase domain of rat liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (Kitajima, S., Thomas, H., and Uyeda, K. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13995-14002). However, Lys-356 is found in the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase domain (Bazan, F., Fletterick, R., and Pilkis, S. J. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 9642-9646). In order to ascertain whether Lys-356 is involved in fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase catalysis and/or domain/domain interactions of the bifunctional enzyme, Lys-356 was mutated to Ala, expressed in Escherichia coli, and then purified to homogeneity. Circular dichroism experiments indicated that the secondary structure of the Lys-356-Ala mutant was not significantly different from that of the wild-type enzyme. The Km for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and the Ki for the noncompetitive inhibitor, fructose 6-phosphate, for the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase of the Lys-356-Ala mutant were 2700- and 2200-fold higher, respectively, than those of the wild-type enzyme. However, the maximal velocity and the Ki for the competitive product inhibitor, inorganic phosphate, were unchanged compared to the corresponding values of the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, which exhibits substrate inhibition, there was no inhibition by substrate of the Lys-356-Ala mutant. In the presence of saturating substrate, inorganic phosphate, which acts by relieving fructose-6-phosphate and substrate inhibition, is an activator of the bisphosphatase. The Ka for inorganic phosphate of the Lys-356-Ala mutant was 1300-fold higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. The kinetic properties of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase of the Lys-356-Ala mutant were essentially identical with that of the wild-type enzyme. The results demonstrate that: 1) Lys-356 is a critical residue in fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase for binding the 6-phospho group of fructose 6-phosphate/fructose 2,6-bisphosphate; 2) the fructose 6-phosphate binding site is responsible for substrate inhibition; 3) Inorganic phosphate activates fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase by competing with fructose 6-phosphate for the same site; and 4) Lys-356 is not involved in 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase substrate/product binding or catalysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pilkis
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D005635:Fructosediphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008239:Lysine; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D025481:Phosphofructokinase-2; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C027652:fructose 2,6-diphosphate; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D025481:Phosphofructokinase-2; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D008239:Lysine