Characterization of the absorption phase of marijuana smoking.
Rapid blood collection, a paced smoking protocol and timely collection of physiologic and behavioral measures were used to characterize the absorption phase of marijuana smoking. Six healthy males smoked a single marijuana cigarette (placebo, 1.75%, or 3.55% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in a double-blind, randomized, Latin square study design. Rapid blood sampling with a continuous withdrawal pump allowed simultaneous collection with concurrent physiologic and behavioral measures. Mean plasma levels of 7.0 and 18.1 ng/ml delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol were observed after the first inhalation of a 1.75% and 3.55% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol cigarette, respectively. Blood levels increased rapidly and peaked at 9 minutes, before initiation of the last puff sequence at 9.8 minutes. Three of six subjects reported increases in drug "liking" scores after the first puff, and all subjects responded by the second puff of a high dose cigarette. Significant increases in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure occurred shortly after peak blood levels. Previous studies have indicated that there is a substantial time delay between peak plasma levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and drug-induced effects. This study showed that behavioral and physiologic effects appear concurrently or within minutes after the rapid appearance of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in blood during marijuana smoking.
Huestis
M A
MA
Addiction Research Center, NIDA, Baltimore, MD 21224.
Sampson
A H
AH
Holicky
B J
BJ
Henningfield
J E
JE
Cone
E J
EJ
D000042:Absorption; D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001827:Body Height; D001831:Body Temperature; D001835:Body Weight; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014785:Vision, Ocular
D013759:Dronabinol