title: Two mammalian helix-loop-helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy and Enhancer of split.
abstract: We report the molecular characterization of two novel rat helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins, designated HES-1 and HES-3, that show structural homology to the Drosophila hairy and Enhancer of split [E(spl)] proteins, both of which are required for normal neurogenesis. HES-1 mRNA, expressed in various tissues of both embryos and adults, is present at a high level in the epithelial cells, including the embryonal neuroepithelial cells, as well as in the mesoderm-derived tissues such as the embryonal muscle. In contrast, HES-3 mRNA is produced exclusively in cerebellar Purkinje cells. HES-1 represses transcription by binding to the N box, which is a recognition sequence of E(spl) proteins. Interestingly, neither HES-1 nor HES-3 alone interacts efficiently with the E box, but each protein decreases the transcription induced by E-box-binding HLH activators such as E47. Furthermore, HES-1 also inhibits the functions of MyoD and MASH1 and effectively diminishes the myogenic conversion of C3H10T1/2 cells induced by MyoD. These results suggest that HES-1 may play an important role in mammalian development by negatively acting on the two different sequences while HES-3 acts as a repressor in a specific type of neurons.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tagawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shigemoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; C489735:Hes1 protein, rat; C083910:Hes3 protein, rat