Glucagon-like peptide-1, a new hormone of the entero-insular axis.
The post-translational processing of proglucagon in the small intestine gives rise to glucagon-like peptide-1 (PG 78-107 amide) which has profound effects on the endocrine pancreas, and in many species also on the stomach. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (PG 78-107 amide) is secreted in man in response to physiological stimuli e.g. a mixed meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1, in concentrations corresponding to those observed in response to meals, strongly stimulates insulin secretion, in all mammals studied, even more potently than the gastric inhibitory peptide. Thus, glucagon-like peptide-1 fulfills the classic criteria for being a hormone and is likely to be a new incretin. The glucagon inhibitory effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (PG 78-107 amide) probably further potentiates the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on glucose metabolism and distinguished this peptide from other intestinal peptides which have been proposed as incretins. Glucagon-like peptide-1 also inhibits gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying in man. The latter delays nutrient entry to the intestine and thereby diminishes meal-induced glucose excursions. Elevated plasma concentrations of immunoreactive glucagon-like peptide-1 have been reported in Type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic patients, however, the consequences of the elevation are not yet known. However, elevated levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with increased gastric emptying rate (post-gastrectomy syndromes) may be responsible for the exaggerated insulin secretion seen in these patients.
Orskov
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Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000235:genetics; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D052336:Proglucagon; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon
C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones; D010455:Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D052336:Proglucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon