title: Ultrasound assessment of the problem kidney transplant: a surgical prospective.
abstract: Ultrasound investigation contributes to the assessment of transplanted kidneys. Ureteric obstruction and peri-transplant fluid collections are shown satisfactorily, but the differentiation of graft rejection from cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity and continuing acute tubular necrosis is less straightforward. Doppler ultrasound is used to detect changes in graft blood circulation, but the results of such assessment vary between centers, and further improvements are required to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of causes of graft impairment by noninvasive methods.
authors.affiliation: Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012079:Renal Circulation; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine