title: Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of rufloxacin in normal volunteers.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics and safety of rufloxacin were evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Two groups of 16 healthy volunteers were given a single oral loading dose of 400 or 600 mg of rufloxacin on day 1 of the study. A single daily maintenance dose of 200 or 300 mg was then administered for a further 9 days; in addition, four subjects in each group received placebos. Rufloxacin levels in plasma and urine were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Following the initial dose, the mean (+/- standard error of the mean) peak concentrations of rufloxacin in plasma were 3.35 +/- 0.12 micrograms/ml in the 400-mg group and 4.54 +/- 0.19 micrograms/ml in the 600-mg group. They were generally reached 2 to 3 h after dosing. At the end of treatment, maximum levels in plasma rose to 4.51 +/- 0.15 and 7.20 +/- 0.25 micrograms/ml in the 400-mg and 600-mg groups, with a mean extent of accumulation (fold) of 3.1 +/- 0.1 and 3.3 +/- 0.1. For the 400-mg and 600-mg groups, the elimination half-lives were 40.0 +/- 1.5 and 44.0 +/- 1.3 h, mean residence times were 57.8 +/- 2.2 and 63.7 +/- 1.8 h, apparent volumes of distribution were 132 +/- 4 and 139 +/- 5 liters, and apparent total body clearance were 39 +/- 1 and 44 +/- 4 ml/min, assuming complete bioavailability. Of the total dose administered, the percentages excreted in urine were 49.6 +/- 1.3 and 51.1 +/-2.1%, with renal clearances of 21 +/- 1 and 22 +/- 2 ml/min, for the 400-mg and 600-mg groups. On the whole, the treatments were well tolerated, but some minor adverse events (mainly headache, insomnia, or abdominal discomfort) were reported for 7 subjects on abnormalities were detected in the laboratory examinations or in ocular function tests. This study shows that a 200-mg daily oral dose of rufloxacin preceded by a loading dose of 400 mg are well tolerated and produce steady-state concentrations in plasma above the MIC for most susceptible pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Harris Laboratories, Lincoln, Nebraska 68501.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kisicki
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Griess
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Troetel
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Imbimbo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015363:Quinolones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; C060328:rufloxacin