title: Evidence for free radical formation during horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation of crystal violet.
abstract: Crystal violet (gentian violet) can undergo an oxidative metabolism, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase, resulting in formaldehyde formation. The N-demethylation reaction was strongly inhibited by reduced glutathione. Evidence for the formation of a crystal violet radical during the horseradish peroxidase catalyzed reaction was the detection of thiyl and ascorbate radicals from glutathione and ascorbate, respectively. The concentration of radicals from both compounds was significantly increased in the presence of crystal violet. Oxygen uptake was stimulated when glutathione was present in the system and this oxygen uptake was dependent on the dye and enzyme concentration. Oxygen uptake did not occur when ascorbate, instead of glutathione, was present in the system. However, when glutathione was present, ascorbate totally inhibited the glutathione-stimulated oxygen uptake in the crystal violet/horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide system. Although a weak ESR spectrum from a crystal violet-derived free radical was detected when the dye reacted with H2O2 and horseradish peroxidase, using the fast flow technique, this spectrum could not be interpreted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Gadelha
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Docampo
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione; D005840:Gentian Violet; D001205:Ascorbic Acid