title: Intrapartum foetal heart rate monitoring--continuous electronic versus intermittent Doppler--a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare different methods of intrapartum foetal heart rate monitoring in high risk pregnancies in detecting foetal heart rate abnormalities, need for operative delivery for foetal distress, and neonatal mortality and short term neonatal morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women in labour at a referral maternity hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who were 37 weeks or more pregnant with singleton cephalic presentation and normal foetal heart rate prior to entry into the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were randomly allocated using sealed opaque envelopes to either continuous electronic foetal heart rate monitoring or intermittent monitoring using hand held doppler foetal heart rate detector.
  
  
  METHODS
  These include abnormal foetal heart rate patterns, need for operative delivery for foetal distress, neonatal mortality, Apgar scores, admission to NNU, neonatal seizures, and hypoxic encephalopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Randomisation achieved good comparability between the two groups. Abnormal FHR patterns were more frequent in the electronic group (54 pc versus 32 pc). Caesarean section rate was not significantly different in the two groups (28 pc versus 24 pc) although slightly higher compared to overall for the unit (18pc). Foetal outcome was also comparable between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asphyxia can be detected with a hand held doppler just as reliably as by the use of electronic monitors and their use should be further evaluated and promoted in obstetric units caring for high risk pregnancies in developing countries with scarce resources.
authors.affiliation: University of Zimbabwe, Department of Obstetrics, Avondale, Harare.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahomed
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nyoni
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mlambo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacobus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasule
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*