Role of immune response in the prognosis of carcinoma of the uterine cervix: can in vitro analysis provide a better framework for more effective management?
Cancer of the uterine cervix is the single largest female malignancy in India and also remains a major problem facing oncologists in other parts of the world. While advances in radiation therapy and surgical techniques have made the treatment of cervical carcinoma impressive, limitations to successful management still remain. In fact, the 5-year survival rate, stage for stage, has not improved in the United States or world wide in the past 40 years. With an estimated half a million women developing this disease annually, this lack of improved survival poses an international unresolved health problem. Immune response has been shown to be a major factor involved in the course of the disease for this cancer. Immunologic monitoring was also shown to be of effective value in assessing the prognosis for cervical carcinoma. We studied the various immunologic abnormalities in cervical cancer, the effects of radiation therapy on immune function, prospects of an immunologic staging system, the relationship between human papillomavirus infection and the immune response, and the possibility of using in vitro immunologic assessment to provide a better framework for more effective management of cancer of the uterine cervix.
Pillai
R
R
Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India.
Balaram
P
P
Nair
M K
MK
D000917:Antibody Formation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000276:immunology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D011379:Prognosis; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy