title: Detection of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with androgen excess.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Distinguishing between ovarian and adrenal causes of androgen excess may be difficult. We have found that women with the polycystic ovary syndrome have supranormal plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone responses to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist nafarelin. We determined the usefulness of testing with nafarelin to distinguish ovarian causes of hyperandrogenism in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 40 consecutive women with hyperandrogenism who had oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, or acne. All 40 underwent testing with nafarelin, dexamethasone, and corticotropin with measurement of circulating concentrations of gonadotropins and steroid hormones, and 19 underwent ovarian ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to nafarelin was supranormal in 23 of the 40 women (58 percent), and the plasma androgen response to corticotropin was elevated in 23; 13 women had both abnormalities. Only one woman had conclusive evidence of a steroidogenic block; she had nonclassic adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Of the 23 women with abnormal responses to nafarelin, only 11 (48 percent) had elevated base-line serum luteinizing hormone concentrations. Of the 13 women with abnormal responses to nafarelin who underwent ultrasonography, 7 (54 percent) had polycystic ovaries. Peak plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations after nafarelin administration correlated closely with plasma free testosterone concentrations after dexamethasone administration (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately half of women with oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, or acne have an abnormal response to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist nafarelin, suggesting an ovarian cause of their androgen excess.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, IL 60637.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ehrmann
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rosenfield
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Brigell
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sheikh
mesh_terms: D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006908:Hydroxyprogesterones / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D017274:Nafarelin; D009839:Oligomenorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D006908:Hydroxyprogesterones; D017274:Nafarelin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone