title: Measles during the Gulf War: a public health threat in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza.
abstract: A measles outbreak began in Ramallah District in the West Bank in the period just before the outbreak of the Gulf War in 1991. After a local control program, the outbreak was contained to a total of 236 reported cases, including one death, but sporadic cases appeared over the ensuing months. An epidemic of measles followed 2-3 weeks later in Beer Sheva district in Israel, initially among the Bedouin population just prior to the outbreak of the war, then spreading to the Jewish population. The epidemic reached its peak during the war in February, continuing into March. There were a total of over 433 reported cases, with 203 hospitalizations and 7 deaths. The epidemic was slowed by curtailment of school and other civilian activities, and a mass vaccination campaign reaching 60,000 children, but was spread by crowded conditions in hospital, and was spread to other parts of the country by internal population migration. An epidemic of a preventable disease occurring during a national emergency adds to the burdens of the health system. The public health system must be prepared to contain epidemics and other public health threats in wartime, employing standard control methods developed and practiced during peacetime. Routine immunization policies should take into account the possibility of a civilian epidemic during national emergencies, and the need to assure protection of both the civilian and military population in preparation for such contingencies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem. Israel.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tulchinsky
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Belmaker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raabi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Acker
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arbeli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lobel
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abed
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toubassi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Slater
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008457:Measles / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D011635:Public Health Administration; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D014857:Warfare