title: Pathways controlling the superoxide response during phagocyte differentiation: involvement of arachidonic acid and Ca2+ in the response to bacterial endotoxin.
abstract: In contrast to the phorbol ester oxidative response, which only develops during dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)-induced differentiation of the human leukemic myeloblast HL-60 cell-line, the endotoxin response was observed in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. The Ca2+ response to endotoxin, detected in both differentiated and undifferentiated HL-60 cells, consisted of a transient 10-50 nM increase in intracellular Ca2+. A very slow, irreversible increase in intracellular Ca2+ was detected at high 1-100 micrograms/ml endotoxin concentrations, and this effect, and the inositol phosphate response, correlated with the surfactant activities of various endotoxins and Lipid A. Arachidonic acid and sodium arachidonate 1-50 microM stimulated a large 200-500 nM and transient Ca2+ response in undifferentiated HL-60 cells, which was significantly greater than that elicited by 1-50 microM eicosapentaenoic acid, and was not observed at similar concentrations of arachidonic acid methyl ester or myristic acid. These concentrations (1-50 microM) of arachidonic acid were observed to have surfactant activities on the plasma membrane. At lower arachidonic acid concentrations a marked potentiation of both Ca2+ and oxidative responses to the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe was detected. It is possible that the arachidonic acid released during phospholipase A2 activation of neutrophils may be involved in cellular cross-talk and, at higher concentrations, in directly activating Ca2+ and superoxide production. It is also possible that previously reported effects of endotoxin at high concentrations are an in vitro artefact of surfactant properties of endotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Leaver
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janah
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D013481:Superoxides; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D002118:Calcium; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide