title: The effect of potassium on the uptake of 137Cs in food crops grown on coral soils: coconut at Bikini Atoll.
abstract: The soils of Bikini Atoll (11 degrees 35'N, 165 degrees 25'E) were contaminated by fallout from a thermonuclear explosion in 1954. Today, in the absence of any treatment, intake of 137Cs via the terrestrial food chain could account for 70% of the radiological dose received by a returning population. Therefore, we examined the effectiveness of potassium applications, alone and combined with nitrogen and phosphorus, in reducing 137Cs uptake by coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), a major food crop. Mean pretreatment concentrations of 137Cs in "drinking-nut" meat of approximately 17-y palms ranged from approximately 0.5 to 7.0 kBq kg-1 (approximately 14 to 190 pCi g-1) (wet mass) in the seven primary experiments reported. These values were reduced to approximately 0.06 to approximately 1.0 kBq kg-1 (approximately 1.6 to approximately 27 pCi g-1) following soil additions of potassium-chloride at rates from 670 to 6270 kg potassium ha-1. Major reductions were complete within 9-12 mo after single large applications and persisted for at least 3 y. Proportional reductions in associated drinking-nut fluid and in mature "copra nut" meat from the same palm also occurred. Comparable but shorter-lived reductions occurred in grass and herbaceous species beneath the palms. A combined nitrogen-phosphorus treatment had no additive effect in the presence of potassium but, by itself, reduced plant uptake by about 50%. The persistence of this effect suggested that phosphorus alone was the major factor. Periodic addictions of potassium at rates of approximately 1000 kg ha-1 would provide a feasible and highly effective means of reducing 137Cs in coconut food products.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA 94550.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003059:Cocos; D005308:Fertilizers; D005507:Food Contamination, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010139:Pacific Islands; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D005308:Fertilizers; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D011188:Potassium