title: Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas.
abstract: The recent identification in Heloderma horridum venom of exendin-3, a new member of the glucagon superfamily that acts as a pancreatic secretagogue, prompted a search for a similar peptide in Heloderma suspectum venom. An amino acid sequencing assay for peptides containing an amino-terminal histidine residue (His1) was used to isolate a 39-amino acid peptide, exendin-4, from H. suspectum venom. Exendin-4 differs from exendin-3 by two amino acid substitutions, Gly2-Glu3 in place of Ser2-Asp3, but is otherwise identical. The structural differences make exendin-4 distinct from exendin-3 in its bioactivity. In dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas, natural and synthetic exendin-4 stimulate a monophasic increase in cAMP beginning at 100 pM that plateaus at 10 nM. The exendin-4-induced increase in cAMP is inhibited progressively by increasing concentrations of the exendin receptor antagonist, exendin-(9-39) amide. Unlike exendin-3, exendin-4 does not stimulate a second rise in acinar cAMP at concentrations greater than 100 nM, does not stimulate amylase release, and does not inhibit the binding of radiolabeled vasoactive intestinal peptide to acini. This indicates that in dispersed pancreatic acini, exendin-4 interacts only with the recently described exendin receptor.
authors.affiliation: Solomon A. Berson Research Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Raufman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D000077270:Exenatide; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008116:Lizards; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D014688:Venoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; D014688:Venoms; C074030:exendin receptor; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D000077270:Exenatide; D000242:Cyclic AMP