title: Direct evidence for antibody bipolar bridging on herpes simplex virus-infected cells.
abstract: Cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) express a cell-surface receptor able to bind the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG). In this study we provide direct evidence that bipolar bridging of antibodies, bound to the surface antigens on HSV-infected cells and to the Fc-receptor through the Fc part, offers the virus a survival advantage. Evidence was obtained by comparing the binding of FITC-labelled protein A, which has a similar binding site on IgG as the HSV-FcR, to cell-bound antibodies on HSV-infected cells and non-infected cells. The effectiveness of antibody bipolar bridging was dependent on the concentration of cell-bound IgG. At low concentrations of serum (0.1%) an 80% reduction in protein A-FITC binding to HSV-infected cells compared to non-infected cells was found. Even at higher concentrations of serum, antibody bipolar bridging resulted in a 40% reduction in the number of 'free' available Fc parts on HSV-infected cells compared to non-infected cells. Furthermore, these findings could be confirmed in a functional assay. The Fc-mediated attachment of granulocytes was significantly lower in HSV-infected cells compared to non-infected cells. From this study we conclude that HSV-FcR, by binding immune IgG in a bipolar fashion, provides the virus with an effective defence mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Eijkman-Winkler Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Van Vliet
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: De Graaf-Miltenburg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Van Strijp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D011817:Rabbits; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000276:immunology; D012397:Rosette Formation; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology*; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A