title: Desferrioxamine enhances the reactivity of vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V) toward ferri- and ferrocytochrome c.
abstract: Ligands, especially desferrioxamine, affect the rate at which vanadium reduces or oxidizes cytochrome c. Whether reduction or oxidation occurs, and how fast, depends on the nature of the ligand, the state of reduction of the vanadium, the pH (6.0, 7.0, or 7.4), and the availability of oxygen. In general, oxidation of ferrocytochrome c was favored by (1) low pH, (2) an oxidized state of the vanadium, (3) the presence of oxygen, and (4) more strongly binding ligands (desferrioxamine much greater than histidine = ATP greater than EDTA greater than albumin greater than aquo). Thus, at pH 6.0, desferrioxamine accelerated the V(V)-catalyzed ferrocytochrome c oxidation 160-fold aerobically, and 3500-fold anaerobically. In general, strongly binding ligands slowed oxidations, especially at higher pH. Desferrioxamine was unique among the five ligands in that it not only accelerated oxidation of ferrocytochrome c at pH 6.0, but at pH 7.4 the redox balance shifted to the point where it paradoxically reduced ferricytochrome c. V(V) is an improbable electron donor, but desferrioxamine will reduce cytochrome c, and V(V) accelerates this process. Oxidation of cytochrome c by V(V):desferrioxamine was faster anaerobically, and reduction by V(IV):desferrioxamine was faster aerobically. Although V(V) did not oxidize ferrocytochrome c at pH 7.4, V(IV) did, provided oxygen and desferrioxamine were both present. V(IV):desferrioxamine almost completely reduced ferricytochrome c, and this reduction was followed by a slow, progressive oxidation. This latter oxidation of cytochrome c is mediated by active species generated in the reaction between V(IV):desferrioxamine and oxygen, because none of these reagents alone can induce oxidation at a comparable rate. The mediating species were transient, and generated in reactions with oxygen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D014639:Vanadium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D014639:Vanadium; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003676:Deferoxamine; D010100:Oxygen