title: Herpes simplex virus type 1-mediated induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus correlates with binding of nuclear proteins to the NF-kappa B enhancer and leader sequence.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection induces expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus in the chronically infected T-cell line ACH-2. The HSV-1-mediated induction correlates with the appearance of two NF-kappa B-specific proteins of 55 and 85 kDa in the nucleus and with the binding of 50-kDa nuclear protein to the LBP-1 binding site of the untranslated leader sequence of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. The HSV-1-induced LBP-1 binding protein, designated HLP-1, is present exclusively in HSV-1-infected, but not in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate- or tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated ACH-2 cells. Both the NF-kappa B and LBP-1 target sequences, when inserted either alone or together 5' of a heterologous minimal promoter (thymidine kinase), confer inducibility by HSV-1 infection in a transient transfection assay. Thus, it appears that the HSV-1-mediated activation of HIV-1 provirus is brought about by the binding of both NF-kappa B and HLP-1 specific proteins to two distinct regions of HIV-1 long terminal repeat.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlach
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pitha
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016322:HIV Enhancer / Q000502:physiology; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000502:physiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011533:Proviruses / Q000254:growth & development*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate