title: Paradoxical signal transduction mechanism of endothelins and sarafotoxins in cultured pituitary cells: stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover and inhibition of prolactin release.
abstract: Endothelins (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and vasoactive intestinal contractor, VIC) and sarafotoxins (SRTX-b and SRTX-c) appear to bind with high affinity to a homogeneous class of binding sites in cultured rat pituitary cells. All of these ligands seem to interact with the same receptor (ETA-R), except for SRTX-c which apparently binds to a separate receptor. Binding was followed by phosphodiesteric cleavage of phosphoinositides, resulting in the formation of inositol phosphates. No consistent effect on basal or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced release of luteinizing hormone (LH) was exerted by ET or SRTX during 2 h of static incubation. On the other hand, both groups of vasoactive peptides inhibited basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced prolactin secretion. Surprisingly, activation of phosphoinositide turnover by TRH in pituitary mammotrophs led to stimulation of prolactin secretion, whereas activation of the same pathway by ET or SRTX resulted in inhibition of prolactin secretion. ET and SRTX stimulated inositol phosphate formation in GH3 cell line and in the gonadotroph-like cell line alpha T-3 (which is capable of producing the alpha subunit of the gonadotrophins), indicating that the peptides interact with both pituitary mammotrophs and gonadotrophs. The very low concentrations (nM range) needed to stimulate phosphoinositide turnover and to inhibit prolactin secretion, as well as the recent finding that ETs are present in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis suggest that ET might participate in the neuroendocrine modulation of pituitary functions. One such possibility is that ETs might be members of the prolactin inhibiting factors (PIFs) family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lewy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galron
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bdolah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokolovsky
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Naor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016232:Endothelins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014757:Viper Venoms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D008024:Ligands; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D014757:Viper Venoms; C058085:sarafotoxin receptor; C057354:sarafotoxins s6; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011388:Prolactin