title: Post-operative changes in hepatic, intestinal, splenic and muscle fluxes of amino acids and ammonia in pigs.
abstract: 1. After operation, changes in nitrogen metabolism occur. Although increased flux of amino acids from peripheral to splanchnic organs after operation has been described, substrate utilization by the individual organs in the splanchnic area is less well characterized. We were specifically interested in substrate flux across the spleen as it is an organ with important immunological functions. 2. Therefore, hindquarter, gut, spleen and liver fluxes of amino acids, ammonia, glucose, lactate and blood gases were measured for 4 days after a standard operation in pigs. In a separate control group, fluxes were measured 2-3 weeks after this operation and these values were assumed to represent the normal situation. 3. One day after operation, the hindquarter effluxes of glutamine, alanine and several essential amino acids were increased (P > 0.001), but these normalized at the end of the observation period. In the same period, liver glutamine uptake increased (P < 0.01), concomitantly with increased HCO3-, glucose and urea production, which also normalized. Portal drained viscera ammonia production decreased, concomitant with decreased glutamine uptake (P < 0.001). After operation, the splenic release of ammonia increased sevenfold (P < 0.05) and that of lactate increased from -158 +/- 544 to 3294 +/- 642 nmol min-1 kg-1 body weight (P < 0.001). Glucose uptake increased from -964 +/- 632 to -3933 +/- 1524 nmol min-1 kg-1 body weight and glutamine efflux (391 +/- 143) reversed to uptake (-752 +/- 169 nmol min-1 kg-1 body weight) (P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Deutz
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Reijven
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Athanasas
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Soeters
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000641:Ammonia; D005947:Glucose