title: Comparative analysis of the immunostimulatory properties of different adjuvants on the immunogenicity of a prototype parainfluenza virus type 3 subunit vaccine.
abstract: The immunogenicity of a parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) subunit vaccine consisting of affinity-purified haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) surface glycoproteins was tested in guinea-pigs and hamsters. The ability of several different immunopotentiating agents to enhance the antibody response of animals to the PIV-3 surface glycoproteins was evaluated. The immunity induced by HN and F alone was compared with the response elicited by purified proteins combined with Freund's complete adjuvant, aluminium phosphate, Syntex's threonyl-muramyl dipeptide (MDP) SAF-MF formulation, or Ribi's adjuvant formulation containing BCG cell wall skeleton (CWS), trehalose dimycolate (TDM) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) in a 2% squalene-in-water emulsion. Purified proteins were also incorporated into three different liposome formulations prepared by the detergent dialysis procedure. Immunization of guinea-pigs and hamsters with two 15 micrograms doses of the PIV-3 surface glycoproteins administered in the absence of adjuvant elicited high haemagglutination inhibition, neutralization and anti-fusion titres. The liposome preparations failed to enhance the antibody titres. Ribi's adjuvant formulation was effective at inducing a good secondary response to the purified proteins while the immunostimulatory effects of aluminium phosphate, Syntex and Freund's adjuvants were clearly demonstrated in both primary and secondary responses. When administered without adjuvant, a 15 microgram dose of the HN and F mixture was capable of protecting hamsters against live virus challenge. The immunoprotective dose of the purified proteins could be reduced to at least 0.1 microgram by the addition of aluminium phosphate, Syntex or Freund's adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: Connaught Centre for Biotechnology Research, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ewasyshyn
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bonneau
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scollard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D015707:HN Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015707:HN Protein; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines