title: A ribosomal RNA gene promoter at the telomere of a mini-chromosome in Trypanosoma brucei.
abstract: The parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei has some hundred mini-chromosomes of 50-150 kb, which mainly consist of telomeric repeats, sub-telomeric repeats and internal 177-bp repeats. Their primary function seems to be to expand the repertoire of non-transcribed sub-telomeric variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes. Here we report that two of the smaller mini-chromosomes (55 and 60 kb) contain sequences homologous to the ribosomal RNA gene promoter region. We have targeted by homologous recombination the neomycin phosphotransferase (neo(r)) gene behind the promoter on the 55 kb chromosome and show that this promoter mediates the efficient synthesis of properly trans-spliced and polyadenylated neo mRNA. The resulting high resistance to G418 (a neo analogue) is stable in the absence of drug showing that mitotic segregation of this mini-chromosome is precise. Downstream of the transcription start the wild-type version of the ribosomal promoter is flanked by telomeric repeats. The absence of the sub-telomeric repeats found in other T.brucei chromosome ends suggests that the rDNA-telomeric junction has been formed by de novo addition of telomeric repeats to a broken chromosome end (healing). Our results provide a plausible explanation for the alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription of telomeric repeats in T.brucei reported by Rudenko and Van der Ploeg and they show that trypanosomes can efficiently use RNA polymerase I for the expression of sub-telomeric genes, supporting the notion that the alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription of sub-telomeric VSG genes may also be catalyzed by this enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zomerdijk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kieft
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005796:Genes; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D016615:Telomere / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase