title: Lead in feed incident--multi-element analysis of cattle feed and tissues by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and co-operative quality assurance scheme for lead analysis of milk.
abstract: Contaminated cattle feed was imported into the UK in 1989 and resulted in lead toxicity in some animals. Rapid analyses for lead and several other possible contaminating elements were required for feed and cattle tissues. Microwave dissolution of samples with measurement by ICP-MS was used for multi-element determinations. Lead was found to be the major contaminant. Lead levels in milk samples were measured by several laboratories during the crisis and an analytical quality assurance scheme was devised to monitor the quality of the data. The scheme allowed any poorly performing laboratories to be rapidly identified and excluded from the survey.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Food Science Laboratory, Colney, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Crews
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bigwood
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Massey
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004602:Elements; D005506:Food Contamination; D007753:Laboratories; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D008872:Microwaves; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009566:Nitrates; D017942:Nitric Acid; D011786:Quality Control; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D004602:Elements; D009566:Nitrates; D007854:Lead; D017942:Nitric Acid; D001151:Arsenic