title: Low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: effect on renal function in normo- and hypertensive type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of low doses of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on renal haemodynamics and albuminuria in normotensive and hypertensive type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with incipient or overt nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria and normal serum creatinine were studied. Of all patients, 16 males and 6 females, age 45 +/- 13 years, diabetes duration 19 +/- 11 years, insulin dose 38 +/- 11 U/day, 10 were normotensive and 12 were hypertensive. After 3 months of run-in period the patients were assigned to treatment with 5 mg or 10 mg enalapril based on the presence of normotension or hypertension respectively. Before and after 6 months of treatment, renal function was assessed by evaluation of glomerular filtration rate (99m Tc-DTPA), renal plasma flow (131-I iodohippurate), filtration fraction and renal vascular resistance. Mean arterial pressure, albumin excretion rate, urinary urea excretion and glycated haemoglobin were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of enalapril resulted in both groups of patients in a significant fall in mean arterial pressure, albumin excretion rate, glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, and renal vascular resistance. Decreasing albumin excretion did not correlate with a drop in systemic blood pressure or filtration fraction. No significant variations were observed in renal plasma flow, in urinary urea excretion or in glycated haemoglobin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that low doses of enalapril are effective in influencing renal haemodynamics and reducing urinary albumin excretion in both normotensive and hypertensive type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with incipient or overt nephropathy. The lowering effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on albuminuria seems to be independent of the action on systemic blood pressure and renal haemodynamic changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna University, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciavarella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mustacchio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silletti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levorato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campieri
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Borgnino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capozzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morotti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vannini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D004656:Enalapril