title: Involvement of cyclic GMP in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory neurotransmission in dog proximal colon.
abstract: 1. Nitric oxide (NO) may serve as a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter released from enteric inhibitory nerves in the gastrointestinal tract. We tested whether guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) may serve as a second messenger in transducing the NO signal into inhibitory junction potentials (i.j.ps) and relaxation in the canine proximal colon. 2. The membrane permeable analogue of cyclic GMP, 8-bromo cyclic GMP (8-Br-cyclic GMP) mimicked the effects of NO by hyperpolarizing cells near the myenteric border of the circular muscle layer and shortening slow waves in cells near the submucosal surface of the circular muscle layer. 8-Br-cGMP also inhibited spontaneous phasic contractions. 3. The specific cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, M&B 22948, hyperpolarized cells near the myenteric border and prolonged the duration of i.j.ps. M&B 22948 also inhibited phasic contractile activity. 4. Methylene blue failed to reduce significantly the amplitude and duration of i.j.ps and had variable effects on contractions. 5. Cyclic GMP levels were assayed in unstimulated muscles and in muscles exposed to exogenous NO and electrical field stimulation. Both stimuli hyperpolarized membrane potential, inhibited contractions, and elevated cyclic GMP levels. 6. Treatment of muscles with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) increased spontaneous contractile activity and lowered cyclic GMP levels. The inhibitory effect of M&B 22948 on contractions was greatly reduced after muscles were treated with L-NAME. 7. These data support the concept that the effects of NANC nerve stimulation and NO (which may be one of the enteric inhibitory transmitters) may be mediated by cyclic GMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno 89557.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Dalziel
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Buxton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keef
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Westfall
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011688:Purinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011688:Purinones; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; C011145:zaprinast; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D008751:Methylene Blue; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester