title: A model for studying the effects of mouthrinses on de novo plaque formation.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to describe a 4-day no oral hygiene model to assess the pattern of de novo plaque formation and to use this model to appraise the potential of some mouthwash preparations to retard or inhibit plaque formation in the human dentition. 10 subjects were recruited for the trial. During a preparatory period, the participants were exposed to repeated professional plaque control and given oral hygiene instruction to eliminate signs of gingivitis. At the end of the preparatory period, each participant received a final professional tooth cleaning and was subsequently told to abstain from mechanical plaque control efforts for the next 4 days. They were asked to rinse twice daily for 60 s with 10 ml varying test solutions. On Day 4, the volunteers were exposed to a new clinical examination and the presence and amount of plaque were examined by the use of the plaque index system (P1I). The participants were subsequently given a professional tooth cleaning and asked to exercise proper self performed plaque control during the next 10 days. A new test period was then initiated. 6 different mouthwash preparations were tested in each subject namely, (1) placebo (a negative control rinse), (2) Veadent mouthrinse, (3) Listerine mouthrinse, (4) 0.06% triclosan + polyvinyl phosphonic acid (PVPA), (5) 0.06% triclosan + phenolic flavor and (6) 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (a positive control rinse). The results from the study revealed that the mean P1I values for individuals, groups of teeth and tooth surfaces provide an adequate but gross overall estimation of the potential of a given mouthrinse to retard/inhibit plaque build up. More detailed information on the effects of the test rinses could be obtained by data describing the % distribution of different P1I score categories; a high frequency of score 0 describes the potential of a mouthrinse to maintain tooth surfaces free from plaque while a low frequency of score 2/3 describes the ability of a treatment to retard/prevent gross plaque formation. The plaque pattern displays finally allowed assessment of the magnitude of plaque prevention, in comparison to the positive and negative controls, that could be achieved by a given compound in various parts and surfaces of the dentition. In this model, all test rinses (i) were significantly more effective than the placebo rinse in retarding de novo plaque build up and (ii) had a minor effects on plaque build up in the maxillary molars and at the approximal surfaces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramberg
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuichi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindhe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaffar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004923:Erythrosine; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D008954:Models, Biological; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010919:Placebos; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012459:Salicylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014260:Triclosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010919:Placebos; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; D014260:Triclosan; C057473:Listerine; C005705:sanguinarine; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D004923:Erythrosine; D002710:Chlorhexidine