title: Ifosfamide-based chemotherapy for patients with resistant germ cell tumors: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.
abstract: Sixty-six patients with germ cell tumors (GCTs) refractory to cisplatin plus etoposide/vinblastine-based therapy were treated with cisplatin, ifosfamide, and either etoposide (VIP) (50 patients) or vinblastine (VeIP) (16 patients). Sixty-two patients were evaluable for response. Twenty-one patients (34%) achieved a complete response (CR), 18 with chemotherapy alone and an additional three following surgical resection of viable tumor. Six of these patients have relapsed, and 15 (24%) remain in CR at a median follow-up of 13 months (range, 3+ to 41+ months). Three patients who achieved an incomplete response or relapsed from CR are disease free following additional salvage therapy; one patient underwent resection of a solitary metastasis and two received high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow rescue. Ifosfamide adds efficacy to cisplatin plus etoposide or vinblastine-based salvage therapy. Ifosfamide/cisplatin-based combinations should be considered in the first-line salvage treatment of germ cell tumors. The modest proportion of patients who achieve a durable CR following salvage therapy with VIP/VeIP emphasizes the need for early identification of treatment failure and more effective salvage therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Motzer
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bajorin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vlamis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weisen
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bosl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D012074:Remission Induction; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014747:Vinblastine; D005047:Etoposide; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide