title: Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin inhibits the NADPH oxidase-enzyme complex in phorbol ester-stimulated neutrophil membranes.
abstract: The generation of superoxide anion and release of granule contents are essential to the bactericidal function of neutrophils, but may also contribute to host tissue damage during inflammation. In previous studies (J. Immunol. 146:2388), we have demonstrated that the acute phase reactant alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), a potent inhibitor of the serine protease cathepsin G, also suppresses superoxide anion generation. The inhibitory effect of ACT was not directly linked to its antiproteolytic activity and may reflect interaction at a site other than its reactive loop. To further characterize the mechanism of inhibition, we investigated the direct effects of ACT on the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex and the signaling pathways that regulate motivation of the respiratory burst. We present evidence that ACT does not intefer with agonist-stimulated calcium mobilization or translocation and activity of protein kinase C. ACT was an effective inhibitor of superoxide anion generation in membrane preparations isolated from PMA-activated cells. These results support the notion that ACT is acting on a component of the active assembled NADPH oxidase complex. Thus, ACT may have an important role in regulation of specific aspects of the inflammatory processes and the modulation of toxic oxygen-based host tissue damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCawley
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nachiappan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Korchak
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000187:drug effects*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; D003208:Concanavalin A; D013481:Superoxides; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D015759:Ionomycin; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; C042205:methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium