title: Analysis and examination of cytokine interactions by the median-effect model: an example with antiviral action of tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma.
abstract: A mathematical model based on the median effect principle was used to demonstrate its usefulness in studying cytokine interactions. The inhibition of cytopathological effects due to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in WISH cells using a microtiter assay was employed. The model was used to analyze the characteristics of the dose-effect relationships of IFN-gamma, TNF, and their combination. The method also was used to define synergism as opposed to additive interaction. This application of the median-effect model proved to be easy and accurate and could be useful in the study of interactions in cytokine research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Abu-Khabar
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004686:Encephalomyocarditis virus; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma