title: Itraconazole therapy for blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. NIAID Mycoses Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and toxicity of orally administered itraconazole in the treatment of nonmeningeal, nonlife-threatening forms of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized, open trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter trial at 14 university referral centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five patients with culture or histopathologic evidence of blastomycosis (48 patients) or histoplasmosis (37 patients). Patients receiving other systemic antifungal therapy were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Itraconazole was administered orally at doses of 200 to 400 mg/d. Patients in whom treatment was considered a success were treated for a median duration of 6.2 months (blastomycosis) and 9.0 months (histoplasmosis). Disease activity was assessed at baseline; drug efficacy and toxicity were evaluated at monthly intervals during therapy, and efficacy was evaluated at regular follow-up visits after completion of therapy. The median duration of posttreatment evaluation for successfully treated patients was 11.9 months (blastomycosis) and 12.1 months (histoplasmosis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 48 patients with blastomycosis, success was documented in 43 (90%). The success rate for patients treated for more than 2 months was 95% (38 of 40). Among the 37 patients with histoplasmosis, success was documented in 30 (81%). The success rate for patients treated for more than 2 months was 86% (30 of 35). All patients with histoplasmosis in whom treatment failed had chronic cavitary pulmonary disease. Toxicity was minor; only 25 (29%) patients experienced any side effects, and itraconazole toxicity necessitated stopping therapy in only 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Itraconazole is a highly effective therapy for nonmeningeal, nonlife-threatening blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. The drug is associated with minimal toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Dismukes
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bradsher
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Cloud
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Saag
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowles-Patton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001759:Blastomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006660:Histoplasmosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole