Localized 1H NMR spectra of glutamate in the human brain.
Localized 1H NMR spectra at TE = 12 ms were obtained from cerebral cortex of human subjects using ISIS with surface suppression. The 2.29-ppm resonance was assigned to C4 glutamate with contributions from C4 glutamine and GABA using in vivo spectral editing and comparison of chemical shift with pure compounds. The measured intensity ratio between the 2.29 resonance and the creatine resonance at 3.03 ppm was in good agreement with the ratio predicted from previously reported measurements of glutamate, glutamine, and GABA concentrations in biopsied human brain tissue.
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
D L
DL
Rothman
C C
CC
Hanstock
O A
OA
Petroff
E J
EJ
Novotny
J W
JW
Prichard
R G
RG
Shulman
D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D005971:Glutamates; D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine