Alteration in DNA cross-linking and sequence selectivity of a series of aziridinylbenzoquinones after enzymatic reduction by DT-diaphorase.
DT-diaphorase (DTD) mediated reduction of a series of 2,5-bis-substituted-3,6-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinones was found to increase the level of DNA interstrand cross-linking (ISC) formed at neutral pH with an enhancement observed as the pH was decreased to 5.8. The analogues used were symmetrically alkyl-substituted carbamoyl ester analogues of AZQ (D1-D7), 3,6-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DZQ), the 2,5-dimethyl derivative (MeDZQ), and a 2,5-bis[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino] analogue (BZQ). At pH 5.8, the level of DNA ISC induced by enzymatic reduction was as follows: DZQ greater than MeDZQ much greater than D1 (methyl) greater than D3 (n-propyl) greater than D2 (AZQ; ethyl) greater than D5 (n-butyl) greater than D7 (sec-butyl) greater than D4 (isopropyl) D6 greater than (isobutyl). A similar trend was observed at pH 7.2. The level of DNA ISC induced by BZQ, which is not a substrate for DTD, was not increased by enzymatic reduction. Dicumarol, a known inhibitor of DTD, was capable of inhibiting the DNA ISC induced by these quinones upon enzymatic reduction. MeDZQ and DZQ reacted with guanines, as measured by Maxam and Gilbert sequencing, with a sequence selectivity similar to that of the nitrogen mustard class of antitumor agents. Enzymatic reduction of DZQ and MeDZQ by DTD was found to alter their sequence-selective alkylation. Reduced DZQ showed enhanced guanine alkylation in 5'-GC-3' sequences and new sites of adenine alkylation in 5'-(A/T)AA-3' sequences. Reduced MeDZQ only showed new sites of adenine alkylation at 5'-(A/T)AA-3' sequences but no enhancement of guanine alkylation. The new sites of adenine alkylation were found to be inhibited in the presence of magnesium and rapidly converted into apurinic sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lee
C S
CS
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033.
Hartley
J A
JA
Berardini
M D
MD
Butler
J
J
Siegel
D
D
Ross
D
D
Gibson
N W
NW
D000478:Alkylation; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D001388:Aziridines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001728:Dicumarol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001388:Aziridines; D016227:Benzoquinones; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; C073715:2,5-dimethyl-3,6-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone; C009970:ethylenimine quinone; D001728:Dicumarol; D004247:DNA; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid