Circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to examine the circadian variation in blood pressure (BP) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to compare this between normotensive and hypertensive subjects.


METHODS
We measured 24-hour ambulatory BP (ABP) in 72 men (mean age 51 +/- 8 years), with OSA diagnosed on overnight sleep study. Measurements of BP were made at 15 min intervals for 24 h using either an Oxford Medilog ABP or Spacelabs 90207 recorder. All recordings were performed after > or = 3 week washout of anti-hypertensive drugs. The day-time monitoring period was defined as 07:00 hrs to 22:00 and night-time 22:00 to 07:00. The ratio of night:day systolic and diastolic BP was calculated.


RESULTS
The patients were obese (mean body mass index 33 +/- 5 kg/m2) with a central pattern of obesity (waist:hip ratio 0.99 +/- 0.14, normal < 0.94). The mean 24-h ABP (systolic/diastolic) was 138 +/- 18/88 +/- 12 mmHg. The mean daytime ABP was 143 +/- 18/93 +/- 12 and night-time ABP 128 +/- 20/80 +/- 12 Hg. The night:day BP ratio was 0.90 +/- 0.07 (systolic) and 0.87 +/- 0.09 (diastolic) indicating that average BP was lower during the night. This pattern was similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. In contrast there was a significant relationship between increasing BMI and night:day blood pressure ratio (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) independent of the effects of OSA.


CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to previous studies, men with OSA have a normal diurnal pattern of blood pressure levels. These findings suggest that any influence of OSA on BP is manifested throughout the 24-h period.
Wilcox
I
I
Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Grunstein
R R
RR
Collins
F L
FL
Doyle
J M
JM
Kelly
D T
DT
Sullivan
C E
CE
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*