Prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin in HIV-infected children with CD4+ counts of 0.20 x 10(9)/L or more. Effect on viral, opportunistic, and bacterial infections. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Intravenous Immunoglobulin Clinical Trial Study Group.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for prevention of viral, opportunistic, and minor bacterial infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).


METHODS
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, outpatient clinical trial comparing subjects treated with 400 mg of IVIG per kilogram of body weight every 28 days with those given albumin placebo.


METHODS
Twenty-eight clinical centers in mainland United States and Puerto Rico.


METHODS
Three hundred seventy-six children infected with human immunodeficiency virus with clinical or immunologic evidence of HIV disease, 313 of whom had entry CD4+ counts of at least 0.20 x 10(9)/L (greater than or equal to 200/mm3).


METHODS
The incidence of laboratory-proven and clinically diagnosed viral, opportunistic, and bacterial infections.


RESULTS
Viral infections and minor bacterial infections contributed more frequently to morbidity in children with entry CD4+ counts of at least 0.20 x 10(9)/L (together over five times as frequent) than did serious bacterial infection, the primary outcome measure of the trial. Opportunistic infections occurred at a similar rate as laboratory-proven serious bacterial infections. In this group of children, IVIG was significantly associated with a decrease in the rate of viral infections and minor bacterial infections per 100 patient-years (36.0 vs 54.0 episodes of viral infection per 100 patient-years, IVIG vs placebo, P = .01; and 115.1 vs 159.7 episodes of minor bacterial infection per 100 patient-years, IVIG vs placebo, P = .02), as well as a decrease in the rate of serious bacterial infections per 100 patient-years (26.4 vs 48.2 episodes per 100 patient-years; P = .002). There was no apparent difference in the rate of opportunistic infections between treatment arms.


CONCLUSIONS
Beneficial effect of IVIG was seen across multiple infectious outcome measures, with reductions in serious and minor viral and bacterial infections observed in children with entry CD4+ counts of at least 0.20 x 10(9)/L.
Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892.
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Mofenson
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Moye
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Bethel
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Hirschhorn
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Jordan
R
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Nugent
D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000517:prevention & control; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control
D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination