An approach to the localization of the susceptibility genes for generalized myasthenia gravis by mapping recombinant ancestral haplotypes.
The association of HLA A1, B8, and DR3 with generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) in Caucasoids is well established, but no particular gene has been implicated and there is still no adequate explanation in functional terms. In this study we have taken advantage of sequential genomic markers between B8 and DR3 so as to map the location of susceptibility gene(s) on the A1, B8, DR3 (8.1) ancestral haplotype. By studying 51 patients, we have delineated a region between HLA B and TNF which is shared by 29/29 patients with B8 and DR3, 19/19 patients with B8 but not DR3 and 2/3 patients with DR3 but not B8. The potential importance of this region was confirmed by examining a similar disease induced by D-Penicillamine (D-PenMG) and associated with different HLA class II alleles (DR1 and/or DR7). Among these patients, 7/16 (44%) have B8, often with other markers of 8.1. These results implicate at least two categories of genes in determining susceptibility to MG; one located in the region between HLA B and TNF may be immunoregulatory, whereas the second, located in the class II region, may relate to the inducing factor (e.g., DR1 or DR7 in D-PenMG).
Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia.
M A
MA
Degli-Esposti
A
A
Andreas
F T
FT
Christiansen
B
B
Schalke
E
E
Albert
R L
RL
Dawkins
D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D015795:HLA-B8 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People
D003181:Complement C4; D005819:Genetic Markers; D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen; D015795:HLA-B8 Antigen; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha