Three nonsense mutations responsible for group A xeroderma pigmentosum.
The molecular basis of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) group A was studied and 3 nonsense mutations of the XP-A complementing gene (XPAC) were identified. One was a nucleotide transition altering the Arg-228 codon (CGA) to a nonsense codon (TGA). This transition creates a new cleavage site for the restriction endonuclease HphI. Of 21 unrelated Japanese XP-A patients examined, 1 (XP39OS) was a homozygote for this mutation and 3 were compound heterozygotes for this mutation and for the splicing mutation of intron 3 reported previously which is the most common mutation in Japanese patients and creates a new cleavage site for the restriction endonuclease AlwNI. The second mutation was a nucleotide transition altering the Arg-207 codon (CGA) to a nonsense codon (TGA). A Palestinian patient (XP12RO) who had severe symptoms of XP was homozygous for this mutation. The third mutation was a nucleotide transversion altering the Tyr-116 codon (TAT) to a nonsense codon (TAA). This transversion creates a new cleavage site for the restriction endonuclease MseI. Of the Japanese patients, 2 with severe clinical symptoms had this mutant allele. One was a compound heterozygote for this mutation and for the splicing mutation, and the other was heterozygous for this mutation and homozygous for the splicing mutation. Although most XP-A patients such as XP12RO have severe skin symptoms and neurological abnormalities of the de Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome, patient XP39OS was an atypical XP-A patient who had mild skin symptoms and minimal neurological abnormalities. Our results suggest that the clinical heterogeneity in XP-A is due to different mutations in the XPAC gene. Moreover, our data indicate that almost all Japanese cases of XP-A are caused by one or more of the 3 mutations, i.e., the splicing mutation of intron 3 and the 2 nonsense mutations of codons 116 and 228. Therefore, by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified DNA sequences using the 3 restriction enzymes described above, rapid and reliable diagnosis of XP-A can be achieved in almost all Japanese subjects including prenatal cases and carriers.
Satokata
I
I
Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.
Tanaka
K
K
Miura
N
N
Narita
M
M
Mimaki
T
T
Satoh
Y
Y
Kondo
S
S
Okada
Y
Y
D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D014983:Xeroderma Pigmentosum / Q000235:genetics*
D004247:DNA; C055927:endodeoxyribonuclease MseI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; C024412:GGTGA-specific type II deoxyribonucleases