Human transcription factor GATA-2. Evidence for regulation of preproendothelin-1 gene expression in endothelial cells.
Previously, we showed that the promoter of the gene encoding preproendothelin-1 (PPET-1) contains a GATA motif that is essential for activity and interacts with a nuclear factor similar in size and binding specificity to the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. To identify this endothelial GATA-binding protein, a human endothelial cell cDNA library was screened with oligonucleotide probes for a portion of the zinc finger domain of GATA-1. A 2.6-kilobase cDNA encoding a 470 amino acid protein was obtained. Sequence analysis revealed a predicted protein which is the human counterpart of a related chicken protein, designated GATA-2. Human GATA-2 is expressed by a variety of cells, including erythroid, HeLa, and endothelial cells. A complex of a GATA-containing probe and recombinant GATA-2 expressed in COS cells comigrates with that present in gel shift experiments with nuclear extract derived from endothelial cells. In addition, expressed human GATA-2 protein transactivates reporter gene constructs containing either minimal GATA promoter elements or the native PPET-1 promoter in a cotransfection assay. Retinoic acid treatment of endothelial cells results in down-regulation of GATA-2 expression as well as down-regulation of PPET-1 gene expression. Human homologs of other known GATA-binding transcription factors are either absent from endothelial cells (in the case of GATA-1) or made in small quantities and not significantly affected by retinoid acid in these cells (in the case of GATA-3), making it unlikely that they regulate the PPET-1 gene. We propose that GATA-2 is the GATA-binding protein required for PPET-1 gene expression in endothelial cells.
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
D M
DM
Dorfman
D B
DB
Wilson
G A
GA
Bruns
S H
SH
Orkin
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins / Q000235:genetics*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; C494711:GATA2 protein, human; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin; D012313:RNA; D004126:Dimethylformamide; D004247:DNA