Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an adjunct to autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for lymphoma.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the hemopoietic effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients having autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma.


METHODS
Placebo or GM-CSF was administered after bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation or both in a randomized, double-blind phase III trial by daily intravenous infusion (10 micrograms/kg body weight) until absolute neutrophil counts reached greater than or equal to 1000/mm3 on 3 consecutive days.


METHODS
Bone marrow transplantation unit in a university hospital.


METHODS
Sixty-nine consecutive patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma received GM-CSF (36 patients) or placebo (33 patients).


RESULTS
Patients who received GM-CSF achieved absolute neutrophil counts greater than or equal to 500/mm3 (median, 12 compared with 16 days, P = 0.02) and absolute neutrophil counts greater than or equal to 1000/mm3 (median, 15 compared with 24 days, P less than 0.001) more quickly than patients who received placebo. Multivariate analysis indicated that use of GM-CSF, peripheral blood stem cells, and unpurged bone marrow were the strongest predictors for early neutrophil recovery greater than 500/mm3. Bacterial infections were significantly reduced in the GM-CSF group (P = 0.04). Delayed engraftment (neutrophils less than 500/mm3 at day 30) occurred in 26% and 17% of the placebo and GM-CSF groups, respectively, and correlated with the absence of detectable myeloid progenitor cells (colony-forming units-granulocyte macrophage, CFU-GM) (P less than 0.001) in marrow aspirate specimens obtained on day 15. Time to platelet independence, duration of hospital stay, severe adverse reactions, relapse, and disease-free survival rates did not differ significantly between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Administration of GM-CSF after autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with lymphoma resulted in accelerated myeloid recovery, particularly in patients who received peripheral blood stem cells and nonpurged bone marrow, and was associated with a decreased incidence of bacterial infections.
Advani
R
R
Stanford University Medical Center, California.
Chao
N J
NJ
Horning
S J
SJ
Blume
K G
KG
Ahn
D K
DK
Lamborn
K R
KR
Fleming
N C
NC
Bonnem
E M
EM
Greenberg
P L
PL
D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor