Hypothalamic neurotransmitter concentrations and meat quality in stressed pigs offered excess dietary tryptophan and tyrosine.
Pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork occurs, for the most part, from environmental stress on the pig. Amino acid intake may be related to stress susceptibility through hormone and neurotransmitter induction. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether supplementation of 5 g of tryptophan (TRP) or 10 g of tyrosine (TYR) per kilogram of a 14% CP diet would alter the response of pigs to stress as measured by hypothalamic neurotransmitter concentrations and incidence of PSE. Twenty-four (Exp. 1) and 36 (Exp. 2) 92-kg pigs were offered one of three diets: control, TRP-, or TYR-supplemented for 5 d before slaughter. Dietary TRP or TYR supplementation in Exp. 1. doubled (P less than .05) plasma TRP and TYR concentrations, respectively, and increased (P less than .05) 5-hydroxytryptamine, dihydroxyphenyl ethylamine, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and homovanillic acid concentrations in the hypothalamus. Pigs that exhibited stress at slaughter had lower (P less than .05) hypothalamic concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine. In Exp. 2, pigs were trucked 55 km to a commercial meat packing facility and slaughtered without a rest period. This handling procedure was designed to invoke a high incidence of PSE pork and thus be a strong test of treatments. Supplemental dietary amino acids seemed to alter the frequency distribution of the severity of PSE pork. These data indicate that dietary manipulation of amino acid precursors of neurotransmitters may offer a practical means of reducing stress response in swine.
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D000596:Amino Acids; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D014443:Tyrosine; D014364:Tryptophan