The Nithsdale schizophrenia surveys. IX: Akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia and plasma neuroleptic levels.
Of all known schizophrenics living in Nithsdale, south-west Scotland, 146 (88%) were examined for the presence of the three principal movement disorders secondary to antipsychotic medication, namely akathisia, tardive dyskinesia and Parkinsonism. Of these, 18% had akathisia, 5% pseudoakathisia, 29% tardive dyskinesia, 8% persistent tardive dyskinesia, and 27% Parkinsonism. No movement disorder was seen in 445, 36% had one and 20% had more than one movement disorder. Plasma neuroleptic levels at the time of clinical assessment were measured by the radioreceptor technique. Correlations between dose and plasma level were low; the ratio of mean plasma concentration to mean dose was greatest with fluphenazine decanoate and lowest for sulpiride. The concentration:dose ratio was higher in the elderly. There was no relationship between neuroleptic levels and akathisia, Parkinsonism or tardive dyskinesia. Additional psychotropic medication influenced neuroleptic levels. In 9% of patients receiving oral antipsychotic medication, no drug was detected in plasma.
Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries, Scotland.
R G
RG
McCreadie
L J
LJ
Robertson
D H
DH
Wiles
D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents