Generation propagation, and targeting of human CD4+ helper/killer T cells induced by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody plus recombinant IL-2. An efficient strategy for adoptive tumor immunotherapy.
We developed a culture system for the rapid generation of CD4+ T cells that have both helper and killer functions. CD4+ T cells isolated from human PBL did not proliferate or develop significant cytotoxicity when treated with rIL-2 because of the lack of p75 IL-2R expression. However, culture of isolated CD4+ T cells with immobilized anti-CD3 mAb plus rIL-2 resulted in a marked proliferation (500-fold increase in 14 days) of CD4+ T cells. The proliferating CD4+ T cells produced IL-2 (92 U/ml) and showed strong cytotoxicity against OKT3 hybridoma cells and Daudi, K562, and U937 tumor cells in an anti-CD3 mAb-dependent manner. The CD4+ T cells contained significant amounts of cytolytic granule-related proteins such as serine esterase and perforin. Activated CD4+ helper/killer cells can be generated from both healthy donors and tumor patients and can be propagated in vitro for 14 to 35 days by biweekly restimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 mAb plus rIL-2. This culture yielded about 20,000-fold increase in cell number after a 21-day culture. Bispecific antibody containing anti-CD3 and anti-glioma Fab components enhanced the cytotoxicity of activated CD4+ helper/killer cells against IMR32 glioma cells. Moreover, the activated CD4+ helper/killer cells showed both helper and antitumor activity in vivo and prevented growth of anti-CD3 hybridoma cells in nude mice whether or not IL-2 was administered. These results indicate that anti-CD3 mAb plus IL-2-activated CD4+ helper/killer cells may provide an effective strategy for adoptive tumor immunotherapy of cancer.
Nishimura
T
T
Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
Nakamura
Y
Y
Takeuchi
Y
Y
Tokuda
Y
Y
Iwasawa
M
M
Kawasaki
A
A
Okumura
K
K
Habu
S
S
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D017252:CD3 Complex; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007167:Immunotherapy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D054353:Perforin; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000276:immunology*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D054353:Perforin; D004950:Esterases; C022635:serine esterase