Haemorrhage-induced alterations in function and cytokine production of T cells and T cell subpopulations.
Haemorrhage produces alterations in macrophage, T and B cell function. In order to better define the mechanism for the effects of blood loss on immune response, we examined function of and cytokine production by purified T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations after blood loss. Whereas T and CD4+ cells from control, unhaemorrhaged animals produced no alteration in proliferation when added to cultures of mitogen-stimulated splenocytes from normal mice, proliferation was decreased when T or CD4+ cells from haemorrhaged mice were included. The addition of CD8+ cells from haemorrhaged animals to mitogen-stimulated cultures reduced proliferation by approximately 50% more than that found when CD8+ cells from control, unhaemorrhaged animals were included. Supernatants of mitogen-stimulated splenocytes from haemorrhaged mice contained significantly less IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) than did those from control, unhaemorrhaged mice. CD4+ populations from haemorrhaged mice produced significantly more IL-10, and significantly less IFN-gamma, than did CD4+ cells from control, unhaemorrhaged mice. There were no significant differences in IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 or IFN-gamma production by CD8+ cells from haemorrhaged or control mice. The present experiments demonstrate that haemorrhage affects both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. In particular, haemorrhage appeared to activate CD4+, Th2 cells, with concomitant suppression of the Th1 subpopulation. These results provide a mechanism which may contribute to the alterations in cytokine production previously described to occur following blood loss.
Abraham
E
E
Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine.
Chang
Y H
YH
D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*
D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4