Regulation of human cytolytic lymphocyte responses by interleukin-12.
IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine which has been shown to cause the proliferation of activated T and NK cells, to enhance the lytic activity of NK cells, and to induce IFN-gamma production by resting and activated T and NK cells. We previously reported that IL-12 could synergize with IL-2 to activate human LAK cells in the presence of hydrocortisone but that IL-12 alone was inactive. We herein show that in the absence of hydrocortisone, IL-12 by itself can activate human LAK cells. IL-12-induced LAK cell activity was mediated predominantly by CD56+ lymphocytes. Activation of LAK cells by IL-12 appeared to be independent of IL-2 since it was not inhibited by neutralizing anti-human IL-2. However, IL-12- and IL-2-induced LAK cell activation could be partially inhibited by anti-human TNF-alpha. Moreover, IL-12 produced in situ appeared to play a role in IL-2-induced LAK cell activation since rat monoclonal antibodies to human IL-12 could partially inhibit the generation of LAK cells in response to IL-2. In addition to its effects on LAK cell responses, IL-12 could facilitate specific allogeneic human CTL responses. However, IL-12-facilitated CTL responses were blocked by neutralizing anti-human IL-2 indicating a requirement for IL-2 produced in situ. The ability of IL-12 to facilitate both nonspecific LAK and specific CTL responses suggests that it may be useful as a therapeutic agent against some tumors and infectious diseases.
Gately
M K
MK
Department of Immunopharmacology, Hoffmann-LaRoche Incorporated, Nutley, New Jersey 07110.
Wolitzky
A G
AG
Quinn
P M
PM
Chizzonite
R
R
D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
D007376:Interleukin-2; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma