Heterozygosity for apolipoprotein E-4Philadelphia(Glu13----Lys, Arg145----Cys) is associated with incomplete dominance of type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
Apolipoprotein (apo) E-4Philadelphia is a double mutant of apoE in which residue 13 of the mature protein, glutamic acid (GAG), is replaced by lysine (AAG) and amino acid 145, arginine (CGT), is converted to cysteine (TGT). These mutations result in two restriction fragment length polymorphisms for the enzymes AvaI and BbvI, a smaller apparent molecular weight of apoE-4Philadelphia on sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gels, and severe type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) in a 24-year-old homozygous female (Lohse, P., Mann, W. A., Stein, E. A., and Brewer, H. B., Jr. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 10479-10484). In the current study, we have extended our analysis to include nine additional family members of the Philadelphia kindred spanning four generations. DNA and protein analysis demonstrated that the originally described propositus is a true homozygote for the epsilon-4Philadelphia allele and that six of the nine family members are heterozygous for the mutated allele and the normal epsilon-3 allele or, in one case, the epsilon-4 allele. Heterozygosity for apoE-4Philadelphia leads to the expression of a moderate form of type III HLP without clinical manifestations. These results are consistent with a dominant mode of inheritance of this dyslipoproteinemia. The simultaneous presence of unaffected individuals, heterozygotes, and a homozygote in the Philadelphia kindred makes it possible for the first time to demonstrate that the mutant apoE exhibits an incomplete or partial dominance of type III HLP. Heterozygosity for the normal epsilon-3 allele appears to have an influence on the expression of type III HLP, resulting in a phenotype intermediate between that of the two homozygous states.
Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
P
P
Lohse
D J
DJ
Rader
H B
HB
Brewer
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D003545:Cysteine / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005971:Glutamates / Q000235:genetics; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D006952:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D005971:Glutamates; C068937:apolipoprotein E4 (Philadelphia); D018698:Glutamic Acid; D004247:DNA; D001120:Arginine; D008239:Lysine; D003545:Cysteine