Outpatient management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
The outpatient management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency syndrome is reviewed. Patients with CD4+ cell counts of greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L (500/mm3) require no specific intervention except vaccination against influenza, pneumococcus, and possibly hepatitis B. They should have a follow-up examination every 3 to 6 months. Because of its success in preventing the progression of the disease, zidovudine (AZT), 100 mg five times per day, is recommended for patients with CD4+ cell counts of less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L (500/mm3). During this stage of the disease, a patient should be seen every 1 to 3 months and monitored for drug toxicity and disease progression. Patients with CD4+ counts of less than 0.2 x 10(9)/L (200/mm3) are at high risk of developing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Prophylaxis with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (one double-strength tablet three times weekly) or dapsone (100 mg three times weekly) is recommended. Treatment costs for the patient with CD4+ cells less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L (500/mm3) are at least $3000 per year.
Bender
B S
BS
Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608-1197.
D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male