title: Interferon-alpha in lupus psychosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since the level of interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) is increased in the sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations, we investigated the contribution of IFN alpha to the pathogenesis of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  IFN alpha levels were quantitated by radio-immunoassay in CSF and serum samples from 17 SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations and 28 patients with SLE alone or SLE and other neurologic disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of IFN alpha were increased in the CSF of 5 of 6 patients with lupus psychosis, and in 4 of these 5 patients, the levels in CSF were higher than those in serum. IFN alpha levels decreased when the manifestation of lupus psychosis subsided. In contrast, IFN alpha levels in CSF samples from patients with seizures alone were not increased. One patient with lupus psychosis died of complications of generalized seizures resulting from the SLE. At autopsy, we investigated whether IFN alpha protein or messenger RNA was detectable in the subject's brain. IFN alpha protein was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the neurons and in the microglia (focal accumulation), features not present in the brain tissues of subjects who died of other diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the hypothesis that IFN alpha, possibly synthesized in the brain, is the cause of the manifestation of psychosis in patients with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiozawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirohata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogino
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor