title: Hepatitis B surface antigen particles of subtypes adw and adr, and compound subtype (adwr) in symptom-free carriers in Japan.
abstract: Of sera from 1,878 Japanese blood donors who carried hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 420 were subtyped as adw (22.4%) and 1,443 as adr (76.8%); only 15 (0.8%) contained HBsAg of subtype ayw or ayr. Sera with HBsAg/adr had higher HBsAg titres than those with HBsAg/adw (geometric mean of haemagglutination titre: 10.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 9.7 +/- 2.4, p less than 0.01), and a higher prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen (24% vs. 13%, p less than 0.001). Carriers of HBsAg/adr progressively predominated over those of HBsAg/adw with increasing age. Of sera from 1,863 carriers of HBsAg/adw or HBsAg/adr, 182 (9.8%) contained HBsAg particles with both subtypic determinants in the w/r allele. The presence of w and r determinants on the same particles was ascertained by sandwiching them between monoclonal antibody with the specificity for w and that with the specificity for r. HBsAg particles of compound subtype (adwr) were found more often in sera with hepatitis B e antigen than those without it (145/403 [36.0%] vs. 37/1,460 [2.5%], p less than 0.001). Sera with HBsAg/adwr particles had HBsAg titres higher than those without them (12.4 +/- 1.9 vs. 9.7 +/- 2.3, p less than 0.001). HBsAg/adwr particles arise from phenotypic mixing of the S-gene product of wild-type virus and that of mutants with point mutations for subtypic changes. The results obtained indicated that HBV strains of subtype adr have a higher replicative activity than those of adw, and suggested that mutations in the S gene for subtypic changes would be associated with an active replication of hepatitis B virus.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Kinikyo Chuou Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanagawa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishijima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayumi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens