title: Differentiation of homozygous hemoglobin E from compound heterozygous hemoglobin E-beta O-thalassemia by hemoglobin E mutation analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To facilitate the differential diagnosis of hemoglobin FE in newborn infants (homozygous hemoglobin E vs hemoglobin E-beta O-thalassemia).
  
  
  METHODS
  The beta-globin gene in DNA from infants found to have hemoglobin FE in the California newborn screening program was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and the product was digested with Mnl I, which fails to cut the product when the hemoglobin E mutation is present. When both amplified alleles fail to be cut, homozygous EE is diagnosed. If only one allele is cut, a beta-globin allele without the E mutation is present (non-E), which is most likely a gene with a beta O-thalassemia mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples from 18 infants revealed an EE genotype, and from two samples a non-E/E genotype was determined. Clinical examination of these two patients confirmed a diagnosis of hemoglobin E-beta O-thalassemia. An independent clinical diagnosis agreed with DNA analysis for all 17 of the 20 infants for whom follow-up and family studies were available. The DNA results were obtained within a week, but the clinical diagnoses often could not be resolved unequivocally for months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The direct analysis of patient DNA samples for the hemoglobin E mutation allowed rapid and accurate diagnosis in this sample of infants with hemoglobin FE on the newborn screen. This rapid discriminatory test should reduce cost and simplify the diagnostic approach for these patients, which currently consists of expensive and lengthy follow-up until clinical data and family studies result in a diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Oakland, California 94609.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vichinsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camber
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lubin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Louie
mesh_terms: D001213:Asian / Q000235:genetics*; D001797:Blood Protein Electrophoresis; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D006446:Hemoglobin E / Q000235:genetics*; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013789:Thalassemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006446:Hemoglobin E; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin