title: Soft-tissue cephalometric norms in Chinese adults with esthetic facial profiles.
abstract: Using a double selection process comprised of professional and lay judges, the cephalometric tracings on a final sample of 48 Chinese adults with esthetically pleasing profiles were analyzed. The soft-tissue cephalometric norms and standard deviations of two widely accepted soft-tissue analyses, the Legan and Burstone analysis and the Holdaway analysis, were determined. In comparison with white norms, the Chinese nose was less prominent (P < .01), the nasolabial angle was less obtuse (P < .01), both the upper and lower lips were more protrusive (P < .05), the upper lip curvature was greater (P < .01), and the soft-tissue chin thickness was less (P < .05). This variance between racial types emphasizes the need to recognize that soft-tissue lateral cephalometric norms are specific for the racial group and cannot always be applied across different racial types.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Keng
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001504:Beauty; D002508:Cephalometry; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D012016:Reference Values; D012846:Singapore