title: A phase II trial of biochemical modulation using N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate, high-dose methotrexate, high-dose 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin in patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has modest activity as a single agent in a number of human adenocarcinomas. The technique of biochemical modulation has been used preclinically to increase the activity of 5-FU.
  
  
  METHODS
  With doses based on a Phase I study, the authors performed a Phase II trial in patients with advanced metastatic adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary site using N-phosphonacetyl-l-aspartate (PALA), methotrexate (MTX), 5-FU, and leucovorin. In some patients, 5-phosphoriosyl-l-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP) metabolite pools were assayed before and after PALA and MTX to assess metabolite pool shifts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients were treated in this Phase II trial. Toxicity was tolerable. Biopsy specimens of tumor tissue showed increases in PRPP and decreases in UTP levels in two of three and three of four patients, respectively. However, only one objective response was seen, which is not different from that expected with 5-FU alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expected PRPP and UTP metabolite pool shifts were seen when biochemical modulation was performed with these drugs according to this schedule. Because toxicity was mild, more intense dose schedules of 5-FU are planned for future studies.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelsen
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colofiore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coit
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D000328:Adult; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010754:Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D010754:Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate; C013195:sparfosic acid; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate; D008727:Methotrexate