title: Estimates of absorption of radiofrequency radiation by the embryo and fetus during pregnancy.
abstract: This paper reports that the specific absorption rate induced in the embryo or fetus can exceed that recommended for the general public when the mother is exposed to radiofrequency radiation at the occupational limits. This result applies to two-tiered radiofrequency radiation standards where a factor of 5 differentiates occupational and nonoccupational exposure limits. Using simple axisymmetric geometries for the pregnant worker, and assuming plane wave exposures, a finite element method provides estimates of prenatal exposure. Various layered shapes are used to model skin, fat, uterus, blood, embryonic, and fetal tissues. Applying current exposure limits given by IRPA, ANSI, and SAA, the results indicate that overexposures to the embryo or fetus can occur from early pregnancy at 80-100 MHz, and in late pregnancy across the range 300-1500 MHz.
authors.affiliation: Telecom Australia Research Laboratories, Clayton South, Australia.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Joyner
mesh_terms: D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves; D011247:Pregnancy; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011846:Radio Waves