title: Characterization of recombinant antistasin secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Secretion from recombinant yeast was used as a potential source of large quantities of the leech protein antistasin (ATS), a potent and highly specific inhibitor of the serine protease coagulation factor Xa. Mature recombinant ATS (r-ATS) is obtained after intracellular cleavage by the yscF protease of the mating factor alpha-1 pre-proleader from the fusion protein at the Lys-Arg sequence junction. Production levels are relatively low (ca. 1 mg/liter). Purification of the secreted product from a complex growth medium involved cell removal by microfiltration and diafiltration, cation-exchange capture and concentration on S-Sepharose Fast Flow, C-4 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and HPLC cation-exchange chromatography step, and RP-HPLC concentration and desalting. The process was scaled up from the 16- to the 250-liter level with a corresponding increase in amount of r-ATS. From the 250-liter fermentation two major forms, r-ATS-I and r-ATS-II, distributed approximately 60:40, and a minor form, r-ATS-minor (ca. 1% of the purified r-ATS), were characterized. Limited N-terminal sequence analysis by Edman degradation indicated that r-ATS-I has the predicted mature N-terminus starting with Gln, that r-ATS-II is N-terminally blocked with pyroglutamate, and that r-ATS-minor is an incompletely processed form. RP-HPLC, hydrophilic-interaction HPLC, cation-exchange HPLC analysis, and electrophoresis results are consistent with the differences observed by sequencing. Preliminary in vitro characterization by intrinsic Ki determination for factor Xa inhibition indicated that the yeast r-ATS forms are indistinguishable from each other as well as from r-ATS expressed by the insect baculovirus host-vector system. Nevertheless, r-ATS-I and r-ATS-II appear less potent than insect-derived r-ATS in the activated partial thromboplastin time clotting assay. Further characterization indicated that C-terminal cleavage at Pro-116 had occurred in r-ATS-I and r-ATS-II as well as oxidation of methionine residues to methionine sulfoxide. The possible role of the C-terminus in inhibition of the prothrombinase complex is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Przysiecki
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: H Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Carty
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagopian
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sardana
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Dunwiddie
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D005165:Factor V / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005170:Factor X / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015951:Factor Xa; D005813:Genes, Synthetic; D006801:Humans; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007865:Leeches / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000072235:Mating Factor; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D010455:Peptides; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C022475:prothrombinase complex; C053155:antistasin; D000072235:Mating Factor; D005165:Factor V; D005170:Factor X; D015951:Factor Xa