title: Serological alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin (ACT) is a serine protease inhibitor that is markedly elevated in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with Down's syndrome are known to develop neuropathological changes of AD by age 40 years and many become demented. Therefore, in the present study, we obtained serum ACT levels from patients with Down's syndrome and AD, diagnosed by autopsy or clinically, and healthy control subjects. Newman-Keuls' multiple range test revealed a significantly greater (p less than 0.01) mean ACT level in the Autopsy AD (906.4 +/- 94.64 mg/L) and Clinical AD (745.00 +/- 59.95 mg/L) groups in contrast to the Old Control group (531.00 +/- 23.05 mg/L). The mean ACT level of the Down's Syndrome group (513.33 +/- 14.73 mg/L) was not significantly different from that of the Young Control subjects. Furthermore, we did not observe a positive correlation of ACT levels with age in the Down's Syndrome group, in spite of the age-dependent premature increase in neuropathological changes of AD that are known to occur in patients with Down's syndrome. A positive correlation between serum ACT levels and the density of plaques or tangles, neuropathological hallmarks of AD, in brains of patients with AD also did not exist. Thus, our results suggest that ACT levels may not parallel the development of the classical neuropathological hallmarks of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0624.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brugge
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katzman
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saitoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin