title: Impact of converting enzyme inhibition on progression of chronic heart failure: results of the Munich Mild Heart Failure Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurohormonal activation has major impact on the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure. The Munich Mild Heart Failure Trial was designed to test the hypothesis that interference with the renin-angiotensin system by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition favourably influences the natural history of heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  170 patients, median New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II, were randomised to double blind treatment with 25 mg captopril twice a day or placebo in addition to standard treatment for a median observation period of 2.7 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Progression of heart failure to NYHA class IV on an optimally adjusted standard treatment, death due to progressive heart failure, and sudden death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart failure progressed to class IV in nine patients (10.8%) treated with captopril and in 23 patients (26.4%) treated with placebo (p = 0.01). The mean survival time until this end point was 223 days longer in the captopril group (Kaplan-Meier life table analysis; p = 0.02). Also, progressive deterioration to severe heart failure was a powerful predictor of total mortality and death from heart failure; 80% of deaths due to progressive heart failure occurred after this end point. There were fewer deaths caused by progressive heart failure in the captopril group than in the placebo group (4 v 11; p = 0.10) but similar numbers of sudden deaths (11 v 10). Progressive heart failure was the cause of death in 18.2% of all deaths in the captopril group and 50% in the placebo group. Total heart failure events (the end point on which power calculation was based) were also more common in the placebo group (19 v 32 events) but not significantly so. Total mortality was similar to both groups (22 of 83 v 22 of 87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in conjunction with standard therapy early in the course of congestive heart failure slowed the progress of heart failure and thus favourably altered the natural history of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Munich Schwabing Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Kleber
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niemöller
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Doering
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D002216:Captopril