title: Comparison of sublethal and lethal criteria for nine different chemicals in standardized toxicity tests using the earthworm Eisenia andrei.
abstract: In this study, the effects of nine different chemicals on the survival, growth, and reproduction of the earthworm species Eisenia andrei were determined using a recently developed method. Earthworms were exposed for 3 weeks to the test chemicals in an artificial soil substrate. Additional data on the acute toxicity of these chemicals were derived from the literature. For some chemicals, cocoon production was the most sensitive parameter (cadmium, chromium, paraquat, fentin, benomyl, phenmedipham), while for others cocoon hatchability was most sensitive (pentachlorophenol, parathion, carbendazim). In the case of parathion, growth of the worms seemed to be even more sensitive than reproduction. As an overall parameter for the effect on earthworm reproduction, the total number of juveniles produced per worm appeared to be a useful parameter. Differences between (acute) LC50 values and the lowest NOEC value for effects on growth and reproduction were different for each chemical. Difference was greatest for cadmium (a factor of greater than 100) and smallest for fentin, benomyl, and pentachlorophenol (a factor of 5-6).
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Van Gestel
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Dirven-Van Breemen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baerselman
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Emans
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Postuma
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Van Vliet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D010575:Pesticides