title: Expectant management of ectopic pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate expectant management in selected cases of ectopic pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transvaginal sonography and estimation of serum hCG concentrations were used in the evaluation and follow-up of ectopic pregnancy. Entry criteria for expectant management were: decreasing level of serum hCG, diameter of the ectopic pregnancy less than 4 cm, and no signs of rupture or acute bleeding by vaginal sonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expectant management was studied in 83 patients, representing 26% of all ectopic pregnancies during a 2-year period. In 57 patients (69%), spontaneous resolution occurred, corresponding to 18% of all ectopic pregnancies. Laparoscopy was performed in 26 because of clinical symptoms or a rise in hCG level after expectant management for 1-18 days. One patient had a tubal rupture requiring tubal resection by laparoscopy. No serious complications occurred. With increasing experience, the rate of expectant management and spontaneous resolution increased during study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expectant management with repeated vaginal sonography and estimations of serum hCG concentrations is a useful form of treatment for ectopic pregnancy in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ylöstalo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sjöberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kääriäinen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenhunen
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Stenman
mesh_terms: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin