title: Bioprogressive brackets and pentamorphic arches.
abstract: The use of high torque values with no tip in preadjusted incisor brackets in the Bioprogressive system, in conjunction with narrow anterior rectangular archwires may produce crown spacing, root crowding and upright central incisors. The solution to these problems would seem either to reduce the time spent in rectangular wires or to change to a bracket with reduced torque, together with appropriate second order compensations in the archwire or the bracket.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Dental Health, Dental School, Heath Park, Cardiff.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Nicolson
mesh_terms: D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014092:Tooth Root
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys