title: Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after myocardial infarction are major predictors of death. In experimental and clinical studies, longterm therapy with the angiotensin-converting--enzyme inhibitor captopril attenuated ventricular dilatation and remodeling. We investigated whether captopril could reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within 3 to 16 days after myocardial infarction, 2231 patients with ejection fractions of 40 percent or less but without overt heart failure or symptoms of myocardial ischemia were randomly assigned to receive doubleblind treatment with either placebo (1116 patients) or captopril (1115 patients) and were followed for an average of 42 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality from all causes was significantly reduced in the captopril group (228 deaths, or 20 percent) as compared with the placebo group (275 deaths, or 25 percent); the reduction in risk was 19 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 32 percent; P = 0.019). In addition, the incidence of both fatal and nonfatal major cardiovascular events was consistently reduced in the captopril group. The reduction in risk was 21 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 5 to 35 percent; P = 0.014) for death from cardiovascular causes, 37 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 20 to 50 percent; P less than 0.001) for the development of severe heart failure, 22 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 4 to 37 percent; P = 0.019) for congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization, and 25 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 5 to 40 percent; P = 0.015) for recurrent myocardial infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction, long-term administration of captopril was associated with an improvement in survival and reduced morbidity and mortality due to major cardiovascular events. These benefits were observed in patients who received thrombolytic therapy, aspirin, or beta-blockers, as well as those who did not, suggesting that treatment with captopril leads to additional improvement in outcome among selected survivors of myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Braunwald
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moyé
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Basta
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Cuddy
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Geltman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Flaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002216:Captopril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015996:Survival Rate; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D002216:Captopril