title: [Intra-epithelial neoplasia of the vulva and smoking].
abstract: VIN III etiology is multifactorial with a predominant role held by human papillomavirus infections, especially infections with HPV type 16. Other cofactors are also involved. We reviewed our patients presenting with VIN III, focusing our attention on smoking. Out of 37 patients 29 (78%) were smokers and among those who presented with a relapse after treatment (11 patients) all were smokers. We discuss mechanisms by which tobacco could act as a cofactor in VIN III.
authors.affiliation: Clinique de Gynécologie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Genève, Suisse.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014844:Vulva / Q000473:pathology; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*