title: Lymphokine production by human melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
abstract: Lymphokine production by human melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) was studied. Uncultured TIL produced interferon gamma (IFN gamma), but not interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-4, in response to anti-CD3 mAb or IL-2. In bulk cultures, IL-2-activated TIL displaying autologous tumor-specific cytotoxicity (CTL-TIL) produced IFN gamma in culture with medium alone, whereas IL-2-activated noncytotoxic TIL did not. Addition of anti-CD3 mAb or autologous tumor cells up-regulated IFN gamma production in IL-2-activated TIL from 10 of 12 or 6 of 12 cases respectively. Those from 4 of 12 cases (2 CTL-TIL and 2 noncytotoxic TIL) produced IL-2 in culture with medium alone. At the clonal level, 5 (4 CD4+ and 1 CD8+) of 7 autologous tumor-specific CTL clones derived from TIL and 3 (2 CD4+ and 1 CD8+) of 7 noncytotoxic TIL clones produced IFN gamma in culture with medium alone, which was up-regulated by adding anti-CD3 mAb. Two IFN gamma-producing CTL clones tested produced IL-2 in 4x-concentrated supernatants from a 3.5-h culture with medium alone. Furthermore, 2 IFN gamma-producing CTL clones tested expressed mRNA for both IFN gamma and IL-2. IL-2 production and its mRNA expression were up- or down-regulated, respectively, by adding anti-CD3 mAb or autologous tumor cells. IL-4 production was not observed in culture either with medium alone or with IL-2 in any of the cells described above. Anti-CD3 mAb was required for IL-4 production in 3 of 12 IL-2-activated TIL, 2 of 6 CTL clones, and none of 5 noncytotoxic TIL clones. In summary, IFN gamma production was characteristic of melanoma TIL. Some autologous tumor-specific CTL in TIL are suggested to be productive of IL-2 and IFN gamma under unstimulated conditions, both being required for self-activation in an autocrine loop.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salmeron
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Platsoucas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000502:physiology; D017252:CD3 Complex; D002999:Clone Cells; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000378:metabolism*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000502:physiology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D017252:CD3 Complex; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008222:Lymphokines; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D007371:Interferon-gamma