title: Anal sphincter size measured by endosonography in healthy volunteers. Effect of age, sex, and parity.
abstract: The anal sphincter muscles consist of the circular internal and external sphincters together with the sling-shaped associated puborectalis muscle. Ten men, 10 women with no vaginal deliveries, and 10 women with one or more vaginal deliveries were studied with anal endosonography using a 7 MHz multiplanar endoprobe. The thickness of the internal sphincter and the thickness, length, and cross-sectional area of the external sphincter were measured and related to age, sex, and parity. Reproducibility was assessed by similar measurements on different days in 10 volunteers. Anal sphincter size was the same in men and women and was not affected by the number of child births. Internal sphincter muscle thickness increased with age. Anal manometry and electromyography with an anal sponge were performed in all volunteers but the results did not correlate to any of the anal sphincter dimensions. Our conclusion is that although there are some limitations, endosonography can be used to determine the size of the anal sphincter muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hauge
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography