title: Pathophysiology and management of phantom limb pain.
abstract: Phantom pain phenomenon is a poorly understood but relatively common sequela of limb amputation that may result in significant psychological and physical morbidity. In this review, proposed pathoneurophysiological mechanisms for the development of phantom pain are reviewed as well as psychological mechanisms that may be involved. The authors recommend an integrated approach to management of chronic phantom pain that takes into consideration the multiple factors that may contribute to its etiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Air University (AU) Regional Hospital, Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, Alabama.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanumanthu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stoudemire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004316:Doxepin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010591:Phantom Limb / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D004316:Doxepin; D004091:Hydromorphone; D007052:Ibuprofen