Protection from herpes simplex virus type 2 is associated with T cells involved in delayed type hypersensitivity that recognize glycosylation-related epitopes on glycoprotein D.
Immunization of mice with a vaccinia recombinant (VP176) that expresses a fully glycosylated herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D (gD) induces long-term (greater than or equal to 50 days) HSV-specific lymphoproliferation and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, the ability to eliminate a high challenge dose of HSV-2 from the epidermis and protection from fatal disease due to HSV replication in the nervous system. Adoptive transfer studies indicate that protection is mediated by the DTH functions of L3T4+ cells and requires the contribution of a non-specific irradiation-sensitive cell. Long-term protection (defined as that seen at greater than or equal to 50 days after immunization) from fatal HSV-2 challenge, virus clearance from the epidermis, and HSV-specific T-cell responses are not induced by a partially glycosylated gD expressed by a vaccinia recombinant (VP254) in which gD is controlled by a late vaccinia virus promoter. However, mice immunized with VP254 are protected from HSV-2 challenge early (day 10) after immunization. The VP254-induced protection is HSV-specific, but it is not mediated by L3T4+ and Lyt2+ cells. The findings are discussed within the context of future developments of anti-HSV vaccines.
Wachsman
M
M
Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
Luo
J H
JH
Aurelian
L
L
Paoletti
E
E
D000818:Animals; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
D000939:Epitopes; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C040570:glycoprotein D-herpes simplex virus type 2