title: Dihydropyrimidine calcium channel blockers. 4. Basic 3-substituted-4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid esters. Potent antihypertensive agents.
abstract: We have examined a series of novel dihydropyrimidine calcium channel blockers that contain a basic group attached to either C5 or N3 of the heterocyclic ring. Structure-activity studies show that a 1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl carbamate moiety at N3 and sulfur at C2 are optimal for vasorelaxant activity in vitro and impart potent and long-acting antihypertensive activity in vivo. One of these compounds (11) was identified as a lead, and the individual enantiomers 12a (R) and 12b (S) were synthesized. Two key steps of the synthesis were (1) the efficient separation of the diastereomeric ureido derivatives 29a/29b and (2) the high-yield transformation of 2-methoxy intermediates 30a/30b to the (p-methoxybenzyl)thio intermediates 31a/31b. Chirality was demonstrated to be a significant determinant of biological activity, with the dihydropyridine receptor recognizing the enamino ester moiety (12a) but not the carbamate moiety (12b). Dihydropyrimidine 12a is equipotent to nifedipine and amlodipine in vitro. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat, dihydropyrimidine 12a is both more potent and longer acting than nifedipine and compares most favorably with the long-acting dihydropyridine derivative amlodipine. Dihydropyrimidine 12a has the potential advantage of being a single enantiomer.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Rovnyak
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Atwal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hedberg
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Gougoutas
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Malley
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003460:Crystallization; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010880:Piperidines; D011743:Pyrimidines; C076208:3,6-dihydro-4-methyl-2-thioxo-6-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,5(2H)-pyrimidinedicarboxylic acid, 1-(1-((4-fluorophenyl)methyl)-4-piperidinyl) 5-(1-methylethyl) ester; D017311:Amlodipine; D009543:Nifedipine