title: Favorable long-term survival following induction chemotherapy with cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin and concomitant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of patients with head and neck cancer die of locoregional recurrence of disease following surgery and/or radiotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to administer induction chemotherapy, perform surgery, and administer concomitant chemoradiotherapy in rapid sequence and to evaluate their impact on locoregional and distant tumor control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four patients with previously untreated, locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer received two cycles of cisplatin, bleomycin, and methotrexate (PBM) (33 patients) or cisplatin, fluorouracil (5-FU), and leucovorin (PFL) (31 patients). PFL was given to patients who were unable to receive bleomycin. Local therapy consisted of surgery and/or concomitant chemoradiotherapy with 5-FU, hydroxyurea, leucovorin, and radiotherapy (FHX-L), all administered every other week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete and overall induction response rates were 21% and 79%, respectively, for PBM and 29% and 81%, respectively, for PFL. At completion of local therapy, 81% of the patients were disease-free. With a median follow-up of 35 months, the median survival and time to progression are 22 and 17 months, respectively, for PBM and have not been reached for PFL. Locoregional recurrence of disease is 30% for PBM and 26% for PFL. Distant disease progression is 24% for PBM and only 3% for PFL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sequencing of induction chemotherapy and concomitant chemoradiotherapy is feasible and results in a high local control rate and in an encouraging survival rate with PFL. The high distant failure (i.e., outside the head and neck area) rate of PBM suggests insufficient systemic activity for that regimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concomitant FHX-L chemoradiotherapy may improve regional control rates of advanced head and neck cancer. Effective systemic therapy may be needed to control systemic micrometastases. PFL, but not PBM, appears to be suitable to accomplish that goal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, IL.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Vokes
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Weichselbaum
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mick
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McEvilly
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Haraf
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Panje
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D002945:Cisplatin; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D006918:Hydroxyurea; D008727:Methotrexate