title: Cardiovascular cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and their role in regulating cardiovascular function.
abstract: We have described five phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes that can be found in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle of animals and humans. Much of the evidence for the role that these isozymes have in the regulation of cellular processes has been generated through, or awaits, the identification of selective and potent PDE inhibitors. While selective inhibitors of the cGMP-inhibitable (cGi)-PDE isozyme have been approved for use in the acute treatment of heart failure, selective inhibitors of the cGMP-PDE have not been extensively explored as potential candidates for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. More potent selective inhibitors of the cGMP-PDE isozyme are needed to determine whether these pharmacological potentiators of EDRF and ANP will be useful in the therapy of angina, hypertension or heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Rensselaer, New York.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Silver
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000032:analysis; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D020105:Milrinone; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D011728:Pyridones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011728:Pyridones; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D020105:Milrinone; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine