title: Prednisolone in the treatment of severe malignant hypercalcaemia in metastatic breast cancer: a randomized study.
abstract: To determine the effect of prednisolone on severe hypercalcaemia in women with metastatic breast cancer, 30 patients with serum ionized calcium above 1.60 mmol l-1 (reference range 1.15-1.35 mmol l-1) entered a randomized trial. Performance status before entry to the trial and survival time after hypercalcaemia were also noted. All patients received 4 l of isotonic saline daily and 80 mg intravenous furosemide three times daily for 2 d; thereafter they received 3 l of isotonic saline daily and 80 mg furosemide twice daily for 6 d. Fifteen patients were randomized to receive prednisolone, 25 mg orally, three times daily for 8 d. Serum ionized calcium decreased significantly in both groups, but most markedly in the prednisolone group. The median difference was 0.28 mmol l-1 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09-0.52) on day 4 and 0.21 mmol l-1 (95% CI, 0.12-0.44) on day 8. In seven prednisolone-treated patients serum ionized calcium normalized, compared to none in the control group (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.028). No severe adverse effects were observed. Prior to detection of hypercalcaemia all patients were severely immobilized, primarily due to bone pain. Only 10 patients were still living after 3 months. Prednisolone, furosemide and rehydration is superior to furosemide and rehydration alone in severely hypercalcaemic patients with metastatic breast cancer in whom immobilization appears to be an early warning sign of life-threatening hypercalcaemia. The short survival time was not influenced by prednisolone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology ONK, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ejlertsen
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Holmegaard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krarup-Hansen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Transbøl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mouridsen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D005665:Furosemide; D011239:Prednisolone; D002118:Calcium