title: The human T cell antigen gp39, a member of the TNF gene family, is a ligand for the CD40 receptor: expression of a soluble form of gp39 with B cell co-stimulatory activity.
abstract: Signals delivered to B cells via CD40 can synergize with those provided by other B cell surface receptors to induce B cell proliferation and antibody class switching as well as modulate cytokine production and cell adhesion. Recently, it has been shown that the ligand for CD40 is a cell surface protein of approximately 39 kDa expressed by activated T cells, gp39. Here we report on the isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding human gp39, a type II membrane protein with homology to TNF, and the construction and characterization of a soluble recombinant form of gp39. COS cell transfectants expressing gp39 synergized with either anti-CD20 mAb or PMA to drive strong B cell proliferation and alone were able to drive B cells to proliferate weakly. In all cases the B cell proliferation induced by gp39-expressing COS cells was reduced to background levels by the addition of soluble CD40. Unlike gp39-expressing COS cells, recombinant soluble gp39 was not mitogenic alone and required co-stimulation to drive B cell proliferation. These results suggest that B cells require a second signal besides gp39-CD40 to drive proliferation and that soluble gp39 alone in a non-membrane bound form is able to provide co-stimulatory signals to B cells.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hollenbaugh
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Grosmaire
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kullas
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Chalupny
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braesch-Andersen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Noelle
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stamenkovic
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ledbetter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aruffo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D004247:DNA