title: Effects of angiographic needle size and subsequent catheter insertion on arterial walls. An in vitro experiment in human cadavers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is widely believed that down-sizing catheters, and possibly needles, will decrease damage to the entry vessel in the performance of angiography. The purposes of this in vitro experiment are to determine if smaller needles produce less arterial wall damage than larger needles and to assess the influence of subsequent catheter insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each iliac artery pair from 35 fresh human cadavers was punctured three times with an 18-g needle and three times with a 21-g needle, for a total of 210 punctures. In two of each set of three, a 5- or 7-F dilator was passed. One hundred ninety-eight puncture tracts were usable and examined microscopically. They were graded on a scale of 1 to 3 in each of four categories: size of tract, margin irregularity, approximation of edges, and shape of tract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chi-square analysis of the grading scores showed a significant shift of cases into lower damage grades when the smaller gauge needle was used for initial punctures (P < .0005). The subsequent insertion of a dilator, however, imposed further damage, such that the initial differences due to needle gauge were obliterated (P > .2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that a 21-g needle produces less arterial wall damage than an 18-g needle, but that any safety conferred by the smaller needle is eliminated by the subsequent insertion of a 5- or 7-F catheter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA 92354.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hamlin
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Westengard
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Saukel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000473:pathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles