title: A comparative study on the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), human angiogenic factor (h-AF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo.
abstract: The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is a widely used bioassay for testing angiogenic activities. In the present study we compared the gross and micromorphological effects of three angiogenic factors applied in Elvax carriers on the CAM: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), human angiogenic factor (h-AF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Our question was whether the CAM responds to these factors which have very different actions with a stereotype or with a factor specific reaction. By microangiography and light microscopy, all positive reactions appeared as a spoke-wheel vascular pattern with a bundle of small capillary blood vessels in the center. These vessels were predominantly of a distended type in h-AF and TNF experiments, while narrower capillary vessels followed bFGF application. Chorioallantoic ectoderm and endoderm were thickened by cell accumulation and the mesenchymal stroma of the CAM was edematous and infiltrated with leucocytes in all three reactions. Additionally, bFGF experiments showed areas of densely arranged fibroblasts. Observations in vivo showed chorioallantoic tissue movements as a possible mechanism for the spokewheel vascular pattern. As compared with our results from studies of cytokinetics with bromodeoxyuridine, these current findings indicate that chemotaxis is responsible for the chorioallantoic angiogenic reaction rather than cellular proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schulze-Osthoff
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sorg
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Flamme
mesh_terms: D000482:Allantois / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002823:Chorion / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2