title: Absence of blue-yellow color vision loss among workers exposed to toluene or tetrachloroethylene, mostly at levels below occupational exposure limits.
abstract: Possible color vision loss was examined with Lanthony's new color test and Ishihara's color vision test in 261 solvent workers and 120 controls (48 men and 72 women). The solvent workers were exposed to either predominantly toluene [46 ppm as geometric mean (GM); 63 men and 111 women], tetrachloroethylene alone (13 ppm; 30 men and 34 women), or a mixture (14 men and 9 women) of tetrachloroethylene (12 ppm) and trichloroethylene (7 ppm). The only instances of color vision loss that were detected in either the exposed workers or the controls were six cases of red-green loss (all in men). These six cases of red-green loss showed an unbiased distribution between the exposed workers and the nonexposed controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hisanaga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Q S
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002617:Chemical Industry; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D014050:Toluene / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D014050:Toluene; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene