title: Primiparous rhesus monkey mothers are more sensitive to the nursing-induced inhibition of LH and ovarian steroid secretion.
abstract: The duration of lactational infertility is prolonged significantly in adolescent, primiparous rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) mothers compared with adult, multiparous mothers. The present study examined the hypothesis that this parity/age difference in lactational infertility is due to a difference in the physiological responsiveness to nursing behaviour between adolescent and fully adult mothers and is not a consequence of differences in nursing behaviour, per se. At 22 weeks postpartum, mother-infant pairs were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: primiparous, nursing restricted (PR; n = 9); primiparous, nursing unrestricted (PU; n = 11); multiparous, nursing restricted (MR; n = 12); and multiparous, nursing unrestricted (MU; n = 8). Nursing was restricted for a 2-week period by mothers wearing a primate vest which prevented suckling behaviour but allowed infants to interact with their mothers. Nursing restriction resulted in a significant increase in serum oestradiol concentrations in both PR and MR mothers. Although nursing bout frequencies and durations were similar between PU and MU mothers, serum oestradiol also rose in MU mothers but remained suppressed in PU mothers. Once the nursing manipulation period ended and all mothers were allowed to nurse ad libitum, serum oestradiol concentrations continued to rise in all but the PU mothers. This brief interruption of nursing at 22 weeks postpartum advanced the subsequent timing of the first postpartum ovulation in MR and PR mothers relative to that of PU mothers. Again, despite similarities in nursing behaviour, the occurrence of first ovulation was also advanced in MU mothers compared with PU mothers. Just prior to the first postpartum ovulation, females were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups to determine the effects of nursing behaviour on the hormonal parameters of the luteal phase: primiparous, nursing restricted (PRL; n = 9); primiparous, nursing unrestricted (PUL; n = 11); multiparous, nursing restricted (MRL; n = 10); and multiparous, nursing unrestricted (MUL; n = 10). Nursing restriction significantly elevated serum progesterone concentrations in PRL females compared with other mothers. Serum concentrations of oestradiol were higher in PRL, MRL and MUL mothers relative to PUL females. Again, this difference in oestradiol between PUL and MUL mothers occurred despite similarities in nursing behaviour. These data suggest that parity/age differences in the period of lactational infertility are not due to differences in nursing behaviour but rather to an increased sensitivity to the inhibitory aspects of the suckling stimulus in adolescent primiparous mothers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Yerkes Primate Research Center of Emory University Field Station, Lawrenceville, Georgia 30243.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003339:Corpus Luteum Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology*; D010298:Parity / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003339:Corpus Luteum Hormones; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone