title: Chemoprevention of MNU-induced mammary tumors in the mature rat by 4-HPR and tamoxifen.
abstract: The chemopreventive efficacies of the retinoid all-trans-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide (4-HPR) and the anti-estrogen tamoxifen citrate were evaluated against N-methyl-N'-nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary cancer in 120-day old female Sprague-Dawley rats. The agents were tested alone and in combination. They were administered in a modified AIN-76A diet, beginning 60 days prior to a single i.v. dose of 50 mg MNU/kg-bw and continuing until the end of the study, 180 days post-carcinogen treatment. At 782 mg/kg diet, 4-HPR alone significantly inhibited the induction of mammary adenocarcinomas compared with carcinogen controls. At 0.250 mg/kg diet, tamoxifen alone reduced tumor incidence compared with carcinogen controls. At 0.125 mg/kg diet, tamoxifen was ineffective. Combinations of 782 mg 4-HPR/kg diet with either 0.250 or 0.125 mg tamoxifen/kg diet were effective in inhibiting MNU-induced adenocarcinomas. The reductions in tumor incidence were greater for these combinations than for either agent alone. 4-HPR and 0.250 mg tamoxifen/kg diet decreased tumor incidence 81% (p less than 0.005), whereas 4-HPR and 0.125 mg tamoxifen/kg diet decreased tumor incidence 72% (p less than 0.005) compared with carcinogen controls. The combination of 391 mg 4-HPR/kg diet and 0.500 mg tamoxifen/kg diet was also tested and was effective in reducing tumor incidence.
authors.affiliation: IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60616.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kelloff
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Detrisac
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sigman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D017313:Fenretinide; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen; D017313:Fenretinide; D014212:Tretinoin; D008770:Methylnitrosourea