title: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and opioid receptors mediate dynorphin-induced spinal cord injury: behavioral and histological studies.
abstract: Both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and opioid receptors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord injury and dynorphin-induced paralysis. The present studies compared the effects of the non-competitive NMDA antagonist dextrorphan (Dex) and the kappa-selective opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) on the acute motor deficits and chronic neuropathological alterations caused by intrathecally administered dynorphin A-(1-17) (Dyn A). Infusion of Dyn A into the rat lower thoracic spinal subarachnoid space produced acute, reversible hindlimb paresis. Histological evaluations of spinal cord sections from these animals at 2 weeks post-infusion revealed ventral grey matter necrosis, neuronal loss and gliosis as well as axonal loss in adjacent white matter; however, there was minimal alteration in serotonin immunocytochemistry caudal to the injury zone. Dex or non-BNI pretreatment each significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced, and to a similar degree, the acute motor deficits and certain histological changes associated with Dyn A administration. These findings further support the hypothesis that dynorphin-induced spinal cord injury involves both NMDA receptors and opioid receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, 02114.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bakshi
authors.forename: R X
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Faden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003917:Dextrorphan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004399:Dynorphins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000502:physiology*; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis; D016622:Silver Staining; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D003917:Dextrorphan; D012701:Serotonin; C051844:norbinaltorphimine; D009271:Naltrexone; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D004399:Dynorphins