Local anesthesia: a review.
Local anesthetics are the most widely administered drugs in dentistry. Significant advances have been made in past decades that have greatly increased both the safety and the efficacy of these important drugs. This paper reviews the history of local anesthesia, pharmacokinetics and clinical implications, techniques, complications, and future directions in the quest for more effective pain control in dentistry.
Malamed
S F
SF
University of Southern California School of Dentistry.
Sykes
P
P
Kubota
Y
Y
Matsuura
H
H
Lipp
M
M
D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000009:adverse effects
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents