title: Distribution of transforming growth factor beta in a two-week-old human embryo.
abstract: Using immunohistochemical methods we have investigated the presence of transforming growth factors beta 1, beta 2 and beta 1 precursor in a two-week-old bilaminar human embryo. TGF-beta 1 precursor was seen in both the epiblast and the hypoblast. In contrast to the widespread localization of TGF-beta 1 precursor in the embryo proper, antibodies to the mature TGF-beta 1 peptide localized preferentially to the hypoblast with only weak staining in the epiblast. Staining with antibodies to TGF-beta 2 was generally weak in both the epiblast and hypoblast layers of the embryo proper. These results show that TGF-beta 1 and beta 2 peptides are detectable as early as the second week of human development.
authors.affiliation: Program in Developmental Pathology, Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinar
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sporn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000737:chemistry*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta