title: A proposed grading and scoring system for spina bifida: Spina Bifida Neurological Scale (SBNS)
abstract: Neurological symptoms present in neonates with spinal dysraphism often progress with growth. A simple, objective scoring system for quantitative analysis of spinal neurological deficits, called the Spina Bifida Neurological Scale (SBNS), is proposed. Scoring is based on (1) motor function, (2) reflexes, and (3) bladder and bowel function. These are each divided into six, four, and five points respectively with respect to the level of spinal function. Motor function and reflexes are bilaterally analyzed, and the maximum SBNS score of 15 points reflects a normal spinal neurological state (grade I). This scoring system was correlated with the clinical condition of 89 patients with spina bifida who were graded from I to V. A total score of less than 5 was associated with a nonambulatory state (grade IV or V) in 84.0% of patients, and a score of 5-9 was associated with an ambulatory state (grade III) in 93.8% of patients. Scores of 10-14 reflected control of bladder and bowel function (grade II) in all patients. The application of a standardized scoring scheme will assist in the evaluation of patients' clinical status and will enable analysis of chronological changes in neurological function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007422:Intestines / Q000503:physiopathology; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000503:physiopathology