title: Diacylglycerol inhibits potassium-induced calcium influx and insulin release by a protein kinase-C-independent mechanism in HIT T-15 islet cells.
abstract: We reported previously that in pancreatic islet cells, certain diacylglycerols (DGs) evoke increases in cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i), mainly by intracellular mobilization. We now examined the effects of DGs on the increase in [Ca2+]i due to Ca2+ influx. In the insulin-secreting HIT T-15 islet cell line, cell membrane depolarization using 40 mM KCl evoked a 2- to 3-fold increase in [Ca2+]i, which lasted several minutes. A cell-permeable DG, 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8; 10 microM) induced a 12 +/- 4% rise in [Ca2+]i, which did not occur in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ or in the presence of verapamil; this effect was not protein kinase-C (PKC) dependent, because it was not altered by the addition of the PKC inhibitor staurosporine or by using PKC-depleted cells. When DiC8 was added first, the KCl-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (100% at 10-15 microM DiC8); this effect was PKC independent. At a concentration of 10 microM, other synthetic DGs, 1,2-dihexanoylglycerol (DiC6), 1,2-didecanoylglycerol (DiC10), or 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol, inhibited the KCl-induced rise in [Ca2+]i to 15 +/- 4%, 47 +/- 7%, and 51 +/- 5% of the control value, respectively. R59022 (10 microM), which inhibits DG kinase and causes accumulation of endogenous DGs, inhibited the KCl-induced rise in [Ca2+]i to 2 +/- 0.2% of the control value; this inhibition was not affected by staurosporine. In anchored cells, KCl stimulated insulin release (959 +/- 88 microU/mg protein above the control value); 20 microM DiC6 or DiC8 attenuated KCl-induced insulin release by 68% and 31% of the control value, respectively; DiC10 or 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol had no effect. R59022 inhibited KCl-induced insulin release by 90% of the control value. We conclude that in HIT T-15 cells, DGs may serve as positive and negative modulators of [Ca2+]i, apparently by complex and PKC-independent mechanisms. These divergent actions of DGs on islet cell Ca2+ balance together with the accompanying activation of PKC affect insulin release in a complex manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0678.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pek
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D019311:Staurosporine; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004075:Diglycerides; D007328:Insulin; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D013844:Thiazoles; C044295:1,2-dioctanoylglycerol; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C047505:R 59022; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019311:Staurosporine; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium