Women and access to health care.
This paper is concerned with access to health care for women in developing countries, with specific reference to Latin American and Caribbean countries. It reviews the available literature on the concept of access as it relates to other variables such as accountability, affordability and acceptability of health services, taking into consideration the effects of the generalized socio-economic crisis that has affected most countries during the last decade, as well as equity objectives. Various approaches to defining variables affecting access to health care appear in the literature reviewed. While some of them indicate that ability to pay for services act as a major determinant of access to health care, others point to behavioral issues related to motivation, health seeking behavior or perception of illness as a deterrent to women in the low socioeconomic strata, while others indicate that sociocultural issues, such as values, education, religion or demographic variables related to age, influence access to health care. The paper concludes with some comments on policies and strategies for securing access to health and healthcare, indicating the need to move away from traditional solutions including framing gender-based health differences in status and access adequately, promoting and strengthening social participation of women in policy making.
Puentes-Markides
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Pan American Health Organization, Health Policies Development Programme, Washington, DC 20037.
D000569:Americas; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D010175:Pan American Health Organization; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014932:Women's Health Services / Q000639:trends*