title: Tumor diagnosis by PET: potential of seven tracers examined in five experimental tumors including an artificial metastasis model.
abstract: The potential of seven tracers for the metabolic imaging of tumors by positron emission tomography was studied using five experimental tumor models. The tracers examined were 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-galactose (2-[18F]FdGal) and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-L-fucose (2-[18F]FdFuc) for investigating energy metabolism. L-[methyl-11C]Methionine ([11C]Met) and 6-[18F]fluoro-L-fucose (6-[18F]FFuc) were used for assessing protein and glycoprotein synthesis, while [3H]thymidine ([3H]Thd) and 2-deoxy-5'-[18F]fluorouridine ([18F]FdUrd) were used to investigate nucleic acid metabolism. The highest mean uptake by the five different tumors was found for [3H]Thd, followed in order by [18F]FDG, [11C]Met, 2-[18F]FdGal, [18F]FdUrd, 2-[18F]FdFuc and 6-[18F]FFuc. The tumor-to-tissue uptake ratios indicated that the nucleosides, [11C]Met and 6-[18F]FFuc were better tracers in the brain region. All the tracers except for the fucose analogs were suitable for the thoracic region, while [11C]Thd and [18F]FDG were superior in the abdominal region. In comparison with the primary tumor model of Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL), [3H]Thd uptake in the artificial metastatic 3LL model showed the maximum enhancement, followed by [18F]FDG, [11C]Met and the other tracers. The [18F]FDG uptake correlated with the [3H]Thd uptake. [18F]FdUrd, 6-[18F]FFuc and 2-[18F]FdGal could be used for distinguishing different types of tumors. The combined use of these radiotracers can possibly allow the assessment of tumor metabolism, and this indicates the viability of tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ido
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005467:Floxuridine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005643:Fucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D008715:Methionine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013936:Thymidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D005467:Floxuridine; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D014316:Tritium; D005643:Fucose; C037333:6-deoxy-6-fluorogalactose; C020275:2-deoxy-2-fluoro-L-fucose; C012439:methylthymidine; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D008715:Methionine; C038344:methionine methyl ester; C049289:2-deoxy-2-fluorogalactose; D013936:Thymidine