title: Expression of the angiotensinogen gene and localization of its protein in the human heart.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been no reports on the presence of the tissue renin-angiotensin system in the human heart, although the presence of angiotensinogen has been described in the animal heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To determine whether angiotensinogen is synthesized in the human heart, we examined angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis in autopsy hearts by using ribonuclease protection assay. As a result, angiotensinogen mRNA was detected in the atrial muscle, muscles of the conduction system, and the left ventricular wall. In the left ventricular wall, mRNA expression was more prominent in the subendocardial muscles than in the midcardial or epicardial muscles. Using a monoclonal antibody to human angiotensinogen in immunoblotting experiments, we detected two closely spaced bands at approximately 70 kd in the heart, which was quite consistent with the human angiotensinogen molecule. Immunohistochemical studies with this monoclonal antibody demonstrated intense immunoreactivity in the atrial muscles, the muscles of the conduction system, and those of the subendocardial layers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that angiotensinogen was synthesized in the human heart. It was evident that the localization of angiotensinogen was not ubiquitous in the cardiac muscles, showing its predilection for the atrial muscles, muscles of the conduction system, and subendocardial layer of the left ventricle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tokuchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagashima
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012260:Ribonucleases; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D012313:RNA; D012260:Ribonucleases