title: Injectable and implantable contraceptives.
abstract: In December 1990, the Food and Drug Administration approved Norplant (Wyeth-Ayerst, Radnor, PA) for general US use. This approval comes during a time period when the number of contraceptors relying on sterilization has risen, echoing known dissatisfaction with other reversible methods. During the past year, data have been presented that refute concern that Norplant may be an abortifacient. Continued estradiol production with development of follicles and ovulation in regularly menstruating women was documented. Ovulatory dysfunction among Norplant users, despite follicular development, was also detailed. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism were confirmed to be clinically insignificant. International development of biodegradable and non-biodegradable implants and 1, 3, or 6 months injectables continues. These injectable and implantable contraceptives promise diversity in contraceptive options to match diversity in contraceptive need and life style.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Francis Scott Key Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224.
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Cullins
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004343:Drug Implants; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D008863:Microspheres; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004343:Drug Implants; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone; C024319:norethindrone enanthate; D009640:Norethindrone