title: Restoration of orbicularis oculi function by contralateral orbicularis oculi innervated muscle flap vs neuromuscular pedicle technique.
abstract: In preliminary experiments with dogs and cats, unilateral paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle group was produced by a section of the seventh nerve that included the posterior auricular branch. Either one of two procedures was then employed in attempts to reinnervate the paralyzed eyelid. In one group of animals, a neuromuscular pedicle was employed and in another, a contralateral orbicularis innervated muscle flap was used. Both methods restored synchronous, reflex blinking to the denervated eyelid. Of the two procedures, neurotization appears to offer the greater promise because the use of a neuromuscular pedicle requires an expendable nerve that is functional, and no such suitable substitute is available in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia 31207.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hockman
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gossman
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Liddell
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Renehan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001767:Blinking; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000379:methods*