title: Gaze and eye movement disorders.
abstract: Cortical areas were explored with regard to saccade control: the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area is involved in the spatial aspects of sensorimotor processing; the supplementary motor area in goal-directed gaze control; and from lesion studies; the posterior parietal cortex in triggering visually guided saccades. Different studies have suggested that the spatial-to-temporal transformation takes place in the superior colliculus (SC) and the cerebellum. When the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) produces inadequate eye movements, other supplementary mechanisms (e.g. non-visual, saccade) may play a role in correcting gaze. A classification of central vestibular disorders of the brainstem and VOR has been proposed, as manifested in any one of the three major planes of action (yaw, pitch and role).
authors.affiliation: Occupational Health and Rehabilitation Institute, Loewenstein Hospital, Raanana, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ron
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gur
mesh_terms: D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D012027:Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000503:physiopathology