title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment protects rodents against lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity via suppression of systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: Pretreatment with recombinant human granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) protected mice in two different models of septic shock. Intravenous injection of 250 micrograms/kg G-CSF to mice prevented lethality induced by 5 mg/kg LPS. Injection of 50 micrograms/kg G-CSF protected galactosamine-sensitized mice against LPS-induced hepatitis. In either case, this protection was accompanied by a suppression of LPS-induced serum TNF activity. In contrast, when galactosamine-sensitized mice were pretreated with 50 micrograms/kg murine recombinant granulocyte/macrophage CSF instead of G-CSF and subsequently challenged with LPS, serum TNF activity was significantly enhanced and mortality was increased. The suppressive effect of G-CSF on LPS-induced TNF production was also demonstrated in rats. In vivo, no TNF was detectable in the blood of LPS-treated rats, which had been pretreated with G-CSF. Ex vivo, alveolar macrophages, bone marrow macrophages, Kupffer cells, or peritoneal macrophages prepared from G-CSF-treated rats produced significantly less TNF upon stimulation with LPS than corresponding populations from control rats. However, when these macrophage populations were incubated with G-CSF in vitro, LPS-induced TNF production was unaffected. These data suggest that the G-CSF-mediated suppression of TNF production is not a direct effect of G-CSF on macrophages. To examine whether, independent of the protection against LPS, G-CSF treatment still activated neutrophils, it was demonstrated that granulocytes from G-CSF-treated rats were primed for PMA-induced oxidative burst and for ionophore/arachidonic acid-stimulated lipoxygenase product formation. The experiments of this study support the notion that G-CSF is a negative feedback signal for macrophage-derived TNF-alpha production during Gram-negative sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Görgen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niehörster
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tiegs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uhlig
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weitzel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wendel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase