title: Characterization of the 5' untranslated region of the human c-fgr gene and identification of the major myelomonocytic c-fgr promoter.
abstract: In this study, we have characterized the 5' region of the human c-fgr proto-oncogene and identified the major myelomonocytic c-fgr promoter. Seven distinct 5' untranslated exons were identified and localized to a region extending 13 kb upstream from the first coding exon. Two major promoters were identified, one utilized exclusively in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B-lymphocyte cell lines, and the other functional only in myelomonocytic cells. Differential promoter utilization and alternative splicing of the 5' untranslated exons give rise to at least six distinct c-fgr mRNA species that differ only in their 5' untranslated regions. Two major mRNAs were identified, c-fgr A and c-fgr 4; these two mRNAs were detected exclusively in EBV-infected B-lymphocyte cell lines and myelomonocytic cells respectively. We have previously demonstrated that c-fgr is transcriptionally activated in U937 cells treated with either 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or cycloheximide (CHX). We now show that a DNA fragment extending from -772 to +97 (with respect to the transcription initiation site upstream from exon M4) is responsive to TPA but not CHX treatment in U937 cells. These results suggest that TPA and CHX induce c-fgr mRNA accumulation by different mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jewish Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri 63110.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gutkind
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ley
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012313:RNA; D003513:Cycloheximide; C053102:proto-oncogene proteins c-fgr; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate