Micromanipulation of gametes and embryos in preimplantation genetic diagnosis and assisted fertilization.
Recent advances in micromanipulation and biopsy of gametes and embryos have made it possible to develop new approaches for early genetic diagnosis and prevention of genetic disease and for treatment of severe male-factor infertility. Preimplantation diagnosis of a number of X-linked and autosomal recessive disorders has been performed, using polar body sampling and blastomere biopsy, coupled with polymerase chain reaction. Blastocyst biopsy has also been performed in human embryos; however, there has been no clinical application so far. Existing data have not shown any detrimental effect of micromanipulation and biopsy involved in the preimplantation development of the human embryo. The existing experience on micromanipulation of gametes (zona-opening procedures, subzonal sperm insertion, and sperm microinjection into the ooplasm) has also demonstrated the clinical usefulness in assisted fertilization, suggesting a possible selective application of various micromanipulation techniques and their combinations in male infertility.
Verlinsky
Y
Y
Reproductive Genetics Institute, Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago 60657.
Kuliev
A
A
D001706:Biopsy; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009865:Oocytes; D012099:Reproductive Techniques