title: Galanin reinstates the growth hormone response to repeated growth hormone-releasing hormone administration in man.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the mechanism by which galanin, a 29-amino-acid peptide, increases GH secretion in man.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the GH-releasing effect of this neurohormone (galanin, 15 micrograms/kg) infused over 60 minutes after 120 minutes of saline, following a previous GHRH bolus (GHRH 1 microgram/kg i.v. at 0 minutes, galanin infused from 120 to 180 minutes) and coadministered with the second of two consecutive GHRH boluses (GHRH every 120 minutes, galanin infused from 120 to 180 minutes).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen healthy male subjects, aged 20-34 years, in two groups (group A, 20-31 years (n = 8); group B, 25-34 years (n = 6)) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were drawn every 15 minutes of 255 minutes. Serum GH was measured in duplicate by IRMA. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by non-parametric ANOVA test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GH response to galanin infused 120 minutes after saline overlapped with that induced by the neuropeptide infused following previous GHRH bolus (AUC, mean +/- SEM: 317.3 +/- 73.2 vs 326.8 +/- 54.2 micrograms/l/h). The GH-releasing effect of the second GHRH bolus (126.9 +/- 32.3 micrograms/l/h) was lower than that of the first one (503.4 +/- 41.3 micrograms/l/h; P = 0.0002). Galanin markedly enhanced the GH responses to the second GHRH bolus (1118.0 +/- 212.7 micrograms/l/h; P = 0.0002 vs second GHRH bolus alone) so that it did not significantly differ from the first one (710.9 +/- 107.8 micrograms/l/h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the GH-releasing effect of galanin is not modified by GHRH pretreatment and that the neuropeptide reinstates the GH response to the repeated GHRH stimulation in man. They suggest that these effects are due to the inhibition of hypothalamic somatostatin release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arvat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghigo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicolosi
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Boffano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bellone
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin-Zhang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camanni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019004:Galanin; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; D019004:Galanin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone