title: Interleukin-4 inhibits both paracrine and autocrine tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced proliferation of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.
abstract: The proliferative response of purified malignant B cells from 26 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was investigated in vitro. In the majority of these patients, a proliferative response could be induced by the combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and PMA. The concentration of PMA was found to be critical and showed a sharp optimum. In most cases maximal proliferation was obtained with as little as 0.1 ng/mL PMA. In all cases tested, TNF-alpha-induced proliferation could be inhibited completely by the addition of low doses of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Maximal inhibition was already found with 400 pg/mL IL-4. Inhibition by IL-4 was not caused by a downmodulation of TNF receptors. Apart from TNF-alpha, IL-2 was also in synergy with PMA able to induce proliferation in B-CLL cells of some patients. This IL-2-induced proliferation could be inhibited both by IL-4 and by neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibodies. This shows that TNF-alpha also can act as an autocrine growth factor. These data indicate that TNF-alpha is an important growth factor for neoplastic B-CLL cells and that IL-4 provides a tool to interfere with this TNF-alpha response.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Kooten
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rensink
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aarden
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Oers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018956:CD5 Antigens; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018956:CD5 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate