title: Modification of the spacer device. Use in the patient with arthritis or an artificial airway.
abstract: The spacer device minimizes oropharyngeal deposition of metered dose inhaler (MDI) medication and helps ensure consistent delivery of the medications to the bronchial tree. Patients with hand limitations and artificial airways may be unable to use an MDI. We describe several modifications to two currently available spacer devices for use in these populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation 44195-5038.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Meeker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stelmach
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis; D006227:Hand Deformities, Acquired; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D014139:Tracheostomy