title: Mechanism of magainin 2a induced permeabilization of phospholipid vesicles.
abstract: The magainins, peptide antibiotics secreted by the frog Xenopus laevis, have previously been shown to permeabilize phospholipid vesicles. To elucidate the mechanism of permeabilization, we have conducted detailed kinetic studies of magainin 2 amide (mgn2a)-induced release of 6-carboxyfluorescein from vesicles of phosphatidylserine. The results show that dye release occurs in (at least) two stages--an initial rapid phase, with t1/2 approximately 3 s, followed by a much slower phase that approaches zero leakage rate before all the dye is released. Light-scattering studies showed that mgn2a does not cause gross changes in vesicle structure. The peptide was found to rapidly equilibrate between vesicles; this was demonstrated by determining a binding isotherm for the peptide-lipid interaction, and by showing that addition of unloaded vesicles rapidly quenches peptide-induced leakage from loaded vesicles. Transient dye release in the presence of an equilibrating peptide can be explained in two ways: (1) the peptide exists only transiently in an active form; (2) the vesicles are only transiently leaky. Preincubation of mgn2a at assay concentrations in buffer alone or with unloaded vesicles did not inactivate the peptide. Therefore, rapid leakage is probably due to transient destabilization of the vesicle upon addition of mgn2a.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Division, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Beeler
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gable
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Roseman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D054806:Magainins; D017830:Octoxynol; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005960:Glucosides; D008081:Liposomes; D054806:Magainins; D010455:Peptides; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C053301:magainin 2 peptide, Xenopus; C018619:octyl-beta-D-glucoside; C024098:6-carboxyfluorescein; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017830:Octoxynol