title: Staphylococcal toxins and sudden infant death syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the hypothesis that commonly occurring bacterial toxins cause sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by (1), determining in which tissues bacterial toxins are concentrated after intravenous injection in rats; and (2), seeing if the same tissues contain detectable toxins in cases of SIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tissue distribution of intravenously injected staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), enterotoxin B (SEB), enterotoxin C (SEC), enterotoxin D (SED), toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), and alpha-haemolysin was studied in rats using immunohistology and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with immunoblotting. Immunostaining was also carried out on formalin fixed kidneys from cases of SIDS and a comparison series of necropsy cases using anti-SEA, anti-SEB, anti-SEC2 and anti-SED.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistology showed that SEB, SEC, SED and TSST-1 were all concentrated in the proximal convoluted tubular cells of the kidney. The presence of these toxins was confirmed in kidney homogenates using electrophoresis and immunoblotting. There was positive granular staining in the proximal convoluted tubular cells of the kidney in 36% of SIDS cases and 12% of the comparison series with anti SEC2 (chi 2 = 6; p < 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SEC, or a bacterial toxin with epitopes in common, could have a pathogenic role in SIDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Lancaster Moor Hospital.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Malam
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Carrick
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Telford
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000209:etiology*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins