title: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide induces neurogenic contraction of guinea-pig ileum. Involvement of acetylcholine and substance P.
abstract: The effect and mode of action of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a peptidergic neuromodulator in the gastrointestinal nervous system, were investigated in isolated muscle strips of the guinea-pig ileum. VIP induced concentration-dependent (20 nM-1 microM) contractions of longitudinal ileal strips. TTX (1 microM), a mixture of atropine (3 microM) and spantide (30 microM), a mixture of atropine (3 microM) and omega-conotoxin GVIA (100 nM), somatostatin (60 nM) and dynorphin (100 nM) abolished the effect of VIP. In most cases a small relaxation became evident. Desensitization to substance P in the presence of atropine prevented VIP-induced contraction. A partial inhibition was observed in the presence of atropine (3 microM), spantide (30 microM), omega-conotoxin GVIA (100 nM), beta-endorphin (265 nM), met-enkephalin (1100 nM) and a mixture of spantide (30 microM) and omega-conotoxin GVIA (100 nM). The action of VIP was not significantly modified by guanethidine (3 microM) or hexamethonium (150 microM). In circular ileal strips VIP (10-300 nM) caused concentration-dependent relaxations through a direct myogenic effect. These results indicate that the VIP produced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum are exclusively neurally mediated and involve a cholinergic as well as a noncholinergic-nonadrenergic (NANC) pathway. It is concluded that besides acetylcholine (Ach) VIP releases the peptidergic transmitter substance P from postganglionic nerve fibers of myenteric plexus. Opioid peptides and somatostatin modulate the activity of cholinergic and peptidegic nerves in the guinea-pig ileum. The release of substance P appears to depend completely on N-type voltage sensitive calcium channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsoulis
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwörer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Creutzfeldt
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007082:Ileum / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013373:Substance P / Q000502:physiology*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D000109:Acetylcholine