title: Addition of enoximone to adrenergic agents in the management of severe heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the hemodynamic effects of the addition of small bolus doses of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor enoximone to adrenergic therapy in patients with severe heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open label, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multidisciplinary department of intensive care in a university academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve surgical patients after cardiac surgery and ten medical patients with ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy who had signs of altered tissue perfusion associated with a low cardiac index (less than 2.25 L/min/m2), despite adrenergic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Small iv bolus doses of 0.25 mg/kg of enoximone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This treatment resulted in significant increases in cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index without significant changes in heart rate or mean arterial pressure. Furthermore, the effects of half this dose (i.e., 0.125 mg/kg), studied in 11 patients, demonstrated a significant drug-induced increase in mean (+/- SD) cardiac index (from 1.58 +/- 0.29 to 1.84 +/- 0.27 L/min/m2, p less than .01) without change in mean arterial pressure (from 74.5 +/- 12.1 to 76.5 +/- 12.6 mm Hg, nonsignificant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct iv injections of enoximone can significantly increase the cardiac index in critically ill patients treated by adrenergic agents for severe heart failure. The administration of small doses of enoximone is effective and has minimal effect on arterial pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Léon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berré
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mélot
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017335:Enoximone; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D017335:Enoximone