title: Growth factors and vitamin E modify neuronal glutamate toxicity.
abstract: The sympathetic nerve cell line PC-12 is killed by glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner. Although glycine and the deletion of magnesium weakly potentiate glutamate toxicity and PC-12 cells express N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor mRNA, most toxicity is mediated by means of a mechanism independent of typical N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Glutamate toxicity is, however, greatly enhanced by prior exposure to nerve growth factor or basic fibroblast growth factor. Glutamate killing is blocked by epidermal growth factor and, to a lesser extent, by vitamin E. These observations show that synergistic interactions between growth factors and excitotoxic amino acids may play critical roles in the developing nervous system and that antioxidants attenuate this toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92186-5800.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression; D005971:Glutamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D006133:Growth Substances; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D014810:Vitamin E; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium