title: Biocompatibility of high-flux membranes.
abstract: Standard dialysis with cuprophane membranes is known to stimulate the immune system. As a result of activation of macrophages various interleukins and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are secreted, presenting further evidence of the poor biocompatibility of cuprophane. We investigated the immunogenic properties of three modern high-flux membranes. Seven patients were studied during hemodiafiltration sessions using either a polysulfone (F60, Fresenius), a polymethylmetacrylate (BK 2.1, Toray) or a cellulose triacetate (FB-210 U, Nipro) dialyzer in a hemodiafiltration procedure. Serial measurements were made during each treatment of interleukin-1 beta (II-1 beta), TNF, soluble IL-2 receptor (sII-2r), soluble CD4 (sCD4), soluble CD8 (sCD8), interferon gamma (IFNg) and neopterin. In contrast to the known increase of IL-1 beta, IL-2r and TNF with cuprophane membranes, none of the modern high-flux dialyzers stimulated the production of these factors. Significant decreases of neopterin and sCD4 were observed. IFNg and sCD8 did not change significantly. Our results suggest that the modern high-flux dialyzers are non-immunogenic, and thus provide further evidence of the superior biocompatibility of synthetic or semisynthetic membranes over the conventional cuprophane.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Medicine, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Putz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Barnas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Woloszczuk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Graf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D008875:Middle Aged; D019798:Neopterin; D011108:Polymers; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013450:Sulfones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D013450:Sulfones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D001708:Biopterins; C017662:polysulfone P 1700; D019798:Neopterin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002482:Cellulose; C024671:cellulose triacetate