title: Proliferation and maturation effects of in-vivo granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can affect the treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) by supporting normal haemopoiesis and by enhancing the proliferation and the maturation of leukaemic cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A human recombinant E. Coli synthesized GM-CSF was administered to 7 patients with ANLL at a dose of 5 or 10 micrograms/kg/day for 7 days, prior to antileukaemic treatment. Peripheral blood neutrophil and blast cell count was monitored daily. Changes in marrow blast cell morphologic features, mitotic index, and the reactivity to a panel of monoclonal antibodies were assessed after 3 and 7 days of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peripheral blood neutrophil and blast cell count increased in 6/7 cases. The mitotic index of marrow cells increased in 6/7 cases. A significant maturation occurred along the granulocytic line (2 cases) and the monocytic line (1 case). Mild to moderate eosinophilia developed in 3/7 cases. Early stem cell markers (CD 34 and HLA-DR) were not lost, or actually increased. Myelomonocytic markers (CD 33, CD 13, and CD 14) rose and fell. Expression of the multidrug resistance-associated 170 kd glycoprotein remained stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data showed that in vivo GM-CSF more consistently enhanced the proliferation than the maturation of leukaemic cells.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Morfologia Sperimentale Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Damiani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michieli
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Revignas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fanin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michelutti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mallardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baccarani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015255:Idarubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003561:Cytarabine; D005047:Etoposide; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015255:Idarubicin