title: Robotic method for the analysis of morphine and codeine in urine.
abstract: A totally automated procedure has been developed for the detection and quantitation of morphine and codeine in urine case samples. The samples were initially screened for these drugs by a Syva EMIT Toxicology System (ETS). A Zymate laboratory robotic system confirms positive samples from Syva ETS by performing the hydrolysis, extraction, and derivatization of morphine and codeine. The derivatized morphine and codeine were detected using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were experimentally optimized during method development. The automation of these procedures has proven to be reliable and efficient.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, Scientific Services Bureau.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Le
mesh_terms: D003061:Codeine / Q000652:urine*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012371:Robotics; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D003061:Codeine