title: Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses induced by scarification vaccination of human volunteers with a new lot of the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis.
abstract: Tularemia is a disease caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. We evaluated a new lot of live F. tularensis vaccine for its immunogenicity in human volunteers. Scarification vaccination induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Indications of a positive immune response after vaccination included an increase in specific antibody levels, which were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunoblot assays, and the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to respond to whole F. tularensis bacteria as recall antigens. Vaccination caused a significant rise (P less than 0.05) in immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM titers. Lymphocyte stimulation indices were significantly increased (P less than 0.01) in vaccinees 14 days after vaccination. These data verify that this new lot of live F. tularensis vaccine is immunogenic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenesis and Immunology, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Waag
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandstrom
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bolt
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: England
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000917:Antibody Formation; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002921:Cicatrix; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D014406:Tularemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D014612:Vaccines