title: Blood substitutes based on modified hemoglobin prepared by encapsulation or crosslinking: an overview.
abstract: Modified hemoglobin consists of (1) encapsulated hemoglobin and (2) crosslinked hemoglobin (polyhemoglobin, intramolecularly cross-linked hemoglobin and conjugated hemoglobin). There have been new advances in all types of modified hemoglobins. Modified hemoglobins are effective in hemorrhagic shock. However, it is important to define hemorrhagic shock models and experimental designs. Important progress has been made in research on vasoactivities, organ perfusion, organ preservation, biodistribution, hematology, complement activation immunology and other areas. A preclinical screening test may bridge the gap between animal safety studies and injection into human. Potential new sources of hemoglobin included bovine hemoglobin, recombinant human hemoglobin and synthetic heme.
authors.affiliation: Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002214:Capsules; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D012449:Safety; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D002214:Capsules; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006454:Hemoglobins