title: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for gamma-seminoprotein and its application to sex discrimination of blood and bloodstains.
abstract: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for gamma-seminoprotein (p30, prostate-specific antigen) is described for sex discrimination of blood and bloodstains. A polystyrene ball coated with rabbit anti-gamma-seminoprotein IgG was incubated with gamma-seminoprotein and, after washing, with affinity-purified rabbit anti-gamma-seminoprotein Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Peroxidase activity bound to the polystyrene ball was assayed by fluorometry using 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid as hydrogen donor. The detection limit of gamma-seminoprotein was 0.15 pg per assay. Blood levels of gamma-seminoprotein, measured using 1-10 microliters of blood, were at least 3.3-fold higher in male adults than in female adults. The ratio of gamma-seminoprotein in terms of pg to hemoglobin in terms of mg was significantly higher in male adults than in female adults. Thus, the measurement of gamma-seminoprotein or both gamma-seminoprotein and hemoglobin was useful for the discrimination of blood and bloodstains of male and female adults, although with some limitations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Medical College of Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D001801:Blood Stains; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen