title: Hiccups. A case presentation and etiologic review.
abstract: Hiccups (singultus) usually present as a common annoyance lasting for short periods. Rarely, they may be the harbinger of a serious disease. We present the case of a 19-year-old man in which intractable hiccups was the first and most prominent symptom of a serious underlying neurologic disorder. The patient had been examined by his pediatrician, and despite multiple medical regiments and physical maneuvers, his symptoms persisted. A thorough head and neck examination revealed a right-sided vocal cord paralysis. This finding prompted obtaining a magnetic resonance imaging scan, which demonstrated a type I Arnold-Chiari malformation associated with a large cervicothoracic syringomyelia. The patient was referred to the neurosurgical service and subsequently underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. There was considerable initial improvement in his neurologic status and cessation of the hiccups. However, the symptoms recurred within 1 month. The case report as well as a brief review of the relevant pathophysiologic and etiologic considerations and several treatment modalities for hiccups is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, NY 10021.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Loft
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006606:Hiccup / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male