title: Cooperative regulation of nerve growth factor synthesis and secretion in fibroblasts and astrocytes by fibroblast growth factor and other cytokines.
abstract: Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) enhances nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis by astrocytes obtained from various brain regions. NGF secretion by fibrous-shaped astrocytes transformed by dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) pretreatment was less than that by untreated astrocytes. However, aFGF also enhanced NGF secretion by fibrous-shaped astrocytes. The effects of various kinds of intracellular signaling modulators on NGF synthesis were examined. None of the following second messenger effectors had an effect on NGF synthesis: protein kinase C (PKC) agonist (phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)) or antagonist (sphingosine (SP)). LiCl, and ionomycin (Iono). Further, increases of intracellular cAMP by forskolin (FK) or db-cAMP have no significant effect on NGF synthesis in astrocytes under a standard culture condition. However, NGF synthesis by astrocytes in the presence of aFGF was significantly enhanced by db-cAMP, but not by FK or sodium butyrate. These results indicate that an excessive amount of cAMP enhances the effect of aFGF on NGF synthesis in astrocytes. NGF synthesis in astrocytes was not affected by treatment with anti-aFGF or anti-bFGF neutralizing antibodies, indicating that FGFs are not involved in the autocrine regulation of NGF synthesis in astrocytes. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), which inhibits some effects of FGFs, increased NGF synthesis in concert with aFGF. Furthermore, the highest NGF synthesis was observed when astrocytes were stimulated by all of the following cytokines: aFGF, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and TGF-beta 1. The mechanism regulating NGF synthesis in fibroblasts obtained from prenatal rat skin was also investigated. Acidic FGF, basic FGF (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), TGF-beta 1, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha were found to be regulators of NGF synthesis in skin fibroblasts. Among these cytokines, aFGF is the most potent regulator of NGF synthesis in fibroblasts. NGF synthesis by skin fibroblasts, either in the presence or absence of aFGF, was not modified by any of the following: FK, PMA, SP, LiCl, and Iono. However, db-cAMP significantly enhanced NGF synthesis in both conditions. Sodium butyrate enhanced NGF synthesis in the presence of aFGF, but not in the absence of aFGF. These results suggest that an excessive amount of cAMP and butyrate moiety regulate NGF synthesis in skin fibroblasts in different ways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92123.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Gage
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D005333:Fetus; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D003994:Bucladesine