title: Gender ratios among reading-disabled children and their siblings as a function of parental impairment.
abstract: Gender ratios are reported for 374 reading-disabled probands and their 530 siblings included in five independent studies of reading disability. Ratios were tabulated for each study as a function of parental impairment (neither parent affected, mother only affected, father only affected, and both parents affected). Results reveal a small excess of male probands in referred and clinic samples of reading-disabled children, but not in research-identified samples. Gender ratios among siblings of reading-disabled probands are approximately 1:1. In addition, combined results indicate that gender ratios of neither probands nor their siblings vary substantially as a function of parental impairment.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wadsworth
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: DeFries
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gilger
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Pennington
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001077:Aptitude Tests; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D012744:Sex Ratio