title: Occurrence and management of fractured peripheral catheters in CSF shunts.
abstract: A series of 716 children underwent 2065 cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures. Shunt failure due to fracture of the peripheral drain occurred 60 times, 38 times in ventriculo-atrial and 22 times in ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. The break occurred most commonly 2-4 cm above the neck incision in cardiac and just cephalad to the clavicle in abdominal drains. Fifty-nine ruptures occurred in Pudenz catheters (which were used in 82% of the shunts) and 1 occurred in a Holter drain (used in 17%). The fractured atrial catheters remained in situ (5/38) or were dislodged into the right cardiac ventricle (14/38), pulmonary arteries (9/38), right atrium (5/38) or hepatic veins (3/38). Two of the ruptured drains could not be located. Removal by a percutaneous transvascular snare technique was attempted in 27 cases and was successful in 24.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Langmoen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lundar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vatne
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hovind
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010537:Peritoneum