title: Intake of intense sweeteners in Germany.
abstract: The dietary intake of aspartame, cyclamate, and saccharin was evaluated in Germany (FRG) in 1988/89. In the first part of the study the sweetener intake was evaluated in a representative sample of the population. Complete 24-h records of the amount and type of all foods and drinks consumed were obtained from 2,291 individuals. The total daily intake was calculated for each person from the sweetener content of each product and was expressed in mg/kg body weight (bw). 35.9% of the participants ingested one or more sweeteners on the examination day. Cyclamate and saccharin were the prominent sweeteners because aspartame was at that time permitted only under special regulatory exemption, and products containing acesulfame were not yet available. For users of intense sweeteners the mean intakes of aspartame, cyclamate, and saccharin were 0.15, 2.62, and 0.250 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. At the 90th percentile of intake, i.e., for the heavy consumer, the ingestion of cyclamate and saccharin was about 2.5 times higher. Persons who adhered to a diet (diabetes, weight control) did not ingest sweeteners in substantially higher amounts. Tabletop sweeteners and beverages were the most important sources of sweeteners, and they contributed more than 80% of the total intake. Consumption of sweeteners in excess of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) was rarely observed (saccharin: one person, cyclamate: 16 persons). In the second part of the study, the sweetener intake was further evaluated during a 7-day period in those subjects who in the 1-day study ingested any of the sweeteners in excess of 75% of the ADI. Complete 7-day food records were available from 40 out of the 41 subjects who fulfilled this criterium. In this selected subgroup in which 19 subjects were less than 19 years old, the mean daily intakes of aspartame, cyclamate, and saccharin were 0.13, 4.53, and 0.42 mg/kg body weight (bw), respectively. These levels correspond to 0.33, 41 and 17% of the corresponding ADI values. No subject exceeded the ADI of aspartame or saccharin on any day of the study. For cyclamate, the mean daily intake over the 7-day period exceeded the ADI in 4 subjects. The results indicate that at the time of the study the then valid German sweetener regulation protected the consumer adequately, and that the sweetener intake was in 99.8% of all examined persons within recommended limits.
authors.affiliation: Bioresco Ltd., Binningen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bär
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biermann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001218:Aspartame / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001628:Beverages; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003494:Cyclamates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000178:diet therapy; D015930:Diet Records; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012439:Saccharin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D003494:Cyclamates; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D012439:Saccharin; D001218:Aspartame