title: Suramin: a novel growth factor antagonist with activity in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Suramin is known to inhibit the growth of malignant prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. This led us to evaluate the effectiveness of suramin in the treatment of 38 patients with prostate carcinoma refractory to hormone therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Suramin was administered by continuous infusion at a rate designed to reach a peak of 300 micrograms/mL at the end of 14 days. Patients were given 8 weeks to recover from any toxicity before beginning the second cycle. Subsequent cycles were administered in the same manner except the starting dose rate was 280 mg/m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 17 patients with measurable soft tissue disease, three had complete disappearance of soft tissue disease for 4, 5, and 11 months, whereas three patients had a greater than or equal to 50% decrease in the sum of the products of the diameters of all measurable disease for greater than or equal to 1 month. Of these 17 patients, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decreased by 75% or more in five (29%) and normalized in one (6%). The remaining 21 patients had disease limited to bone, and only one of these experienced resolution of more than 50% of all lesions on bone scan. Of these 21 patients, pretreatment PSA decreased by 75% or more in eight (38%) and normalized in five (25%). Median time to progression for all patients was 26.3 weeks, and median survival was 42.3 weeks. Patients with bone involvement alone exhibited a better survival than patients with soft tissue involvement (P2 = .02). Survival was strongly correlated (P2 = .0001) with a decline in the pretreatment PSA of greater than or equal to 75% by the eighth week on therapy, with nearly an 85% survival at 1 year compared with a 20% survival for those whose pretreatment PSA did not decline by that amount.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that suramin is an active agent in hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: LaRocca
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choyke
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Uhrich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D013498:Suramin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D013498:Suramin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen