Immunological functions of splenic B-lymphocytes.
The spleen is a key lymphoid organ for generating B-lymphocyte (B cell)-mediated humoral immunity. This review examines the key features and functions of splenic B cells. Splenic B cell subsets, including virgin, memory, and CD5+ B cells, are characterized by their phenotypic markers and functions. Structural aspects of the spleen, including red pulp, follicles, periarterial lymphoid sheaths (PALS), and germinal centers, are related to the B cells localized in these areas. The migratory behavior of B cells in these splenic compartments is considered in the context of antigen exposure, adhesion molecules, and migratory stimuli. Antigen-specific B cells in the spleen are examined with an emphasis on their in situ characteristics assessed by immunocytochemical methods. This includes the detection of antigen-binding antibody-forming cells (AFC), idiotype-producing AFC, and the application of computer-aided imaging to analyze these cells. Interactions between splenic B cells and other cell types, such as T-lymphocytes (T cells) and antigen-processing/presenting cells like macrophages and dendritic cells, are briefly examined. Cytokines that influence splenic B cells are reviewed. Interactions between B cells and the neuroendocrine system are discussed briefly. The functions of splenic B cells are considered. Antibody production, cytokine synthesis, and potential immunoregulatory activities are considered.
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Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
D000917:Antibody Formation; D000921:Antibody-Producing Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000032:analysis; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication; D002465:Cell Movement; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000502:physiology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines