title: The virulence gene activator ToxT from Vibrio cholerae is a member of the AraC family of transcriptional activators.
abstract: Virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae is postulated to involve ToxR-dependent activation of the toxT gene followed by ToxT activation of virulence genes, including several of those involved in biogenesis of the toxin-coregulated pilus. ToxR is a transmembrane, DNA-binding protein which is a member of the OmpR subclass of two-component activator systems in bacteria. Data presented in this report demonstrate that ToxT is similar to the AraC family of transcriptional activators identified in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. The toxT open reading frame begins approximately 200 nucleotides from the end of the tcpF gene, which is part of a cluster of genes responsible for production of the toxin-coregulated pilus. Accumulation of toxT specific mRNA is ToxR dependent and is modulated by environmental conditions that modulate expression of the regulon. Within the intergenic region between tcpF and toxT is a potential stem-loop structure of an unusual nature which may play a role in regulating expression of toxT mRNA. Experiments with tcpF and toxT cloned behind a strong, constitutive promoter suggest that the two genes can be cotranscribed, but Northern (RNA) blot analysis of V. cholerae suggests that if they are, steady-state levels of their messages may be controlled by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Possible mechanisms for ToxR-dependent expression of toxT are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nazareno
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: DiRita
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D051777:AraC Transcription Factor; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000235:genetics*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051777:AraC Transcription Factor; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C075626:tcpN protein, Vibrio cholerae