title: Allosteric modulation of Leishmania donovani plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase by endogenous calmodulin.
abstract: The plasma membrane of the human pathogen Leishmania donovani possesses a high-affinity transmembrane Ca(2+)-ATPase that has its catalytic site oriented toward the cytoplasmic milieu (Ghosh, J., Ray, M., Sarkar, S., and Bhaduri, A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 11345-11351). When the enzyme is studied in its more authentic, physiologically relevant, membrane-associated form, it exhibits pronounced sigmoidal kinetics with Ca2+ (K0.5 approximately 700 nM) in a trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid buffering system that effectively complexes all available Mg2+. Addition of exogenous Mg2+ (60 microM) completely abolishes sigmoidicity and establishes strictly hyperbolic kinetics, and the Km for Ca2+ reduces to 100 nM. Mg2+ can be replaced by heterologous calmodulin. The exclusive dependence of the enzyme on only Ca2+ for its activity and its positive allosteric modulation by Mg2+ distinguish this enzyme from other well-characterized plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPases. Employing this Ca(2+)-ATPase as the assay system, a soluble endogenous activating protein factor was purified that, by several criteria, corresponds to authentic calmodulin. The parasite calmodulin shifts the kinetics to hyperbolic kinetics, increases the Vmax 2-fold, and most important lowers the Km (approximately 100 nM) to a physiological level. The interaction with endogenous calmodulin thus converts the enzyme from a totally inactive to a fully active state.
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazumder
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhaduri
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000502:physiology*; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000201:enzymology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014268:Trifluoperazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D014268:Trifluoperazine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium