title: Increased susceptibility to intramammary infection following removal of teat canal keratin.
abstract: Influence of teat canal keratin on susceptibility to intramammary infection was investigated in lactating Jersey cows. In each of two replicate trials, keratin was removed from the left teats of 20 cows immediately before milking. Immediately after milking, all teats were exposed to bacterial challenge by immersion in a suspension of Streptococcus agalactiae (5 x 10(7) cfu/ml). Bacterial challenge was repeated after the next four milkings. Foremilk samples were obtained for 8 d after keratin removal to determine infection status. A mammary quarter was classified as infected based solely upon the bacteriological criteria outlined by the National Mastitis Council. The rate of infection in quarters from which keratin was removed was greater than that in control quarters. Infection rates were 26.3% for keratin-removed quarters and 8.3% for control quarters in trial 1 and 13.5 and 0%, respectively, in trial 2. When more stringent criteria (recovery of greater than 100 cfu of S. agalactiae/ml in three or more successive milk samples and a SCC of greater than 10(6)) were used to identify a subset of infections that were clearly intramammary, infection rates were 9.3% for keratin-removed quarters and 1.4% for control quarters. Thus, partial removal of keratin from the teat canal compromised the ability of the teat to prevent passage of bacterial pathogens from the external environment into the mammary gland.
authors.affiliation: Milk Secretion and Mastitis Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Capuco
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pankey
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bitman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007633:Keratins / Q000502:physiology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000276:immunology*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins