title: Survey of animal livers for vitamin A content.
abstract: Retail samples of livers from calf (23), ox (18), lamb (17), pig (15), chicken (16) and turkey (1) were analysed to determine levels of vitamin A (all trans-retinol) and to aid assessment of the effects of using vitamin supplemented compound feedingstuffs for livestock. For comparison, 22 liver samples from lambs reared on diets not containing vitamin-supplemented compound feedingstuffs and four samples of liver from ox which had received supplemented feed but not during the last four months prior to slaughter were also analysed. The chosen method of analysis utilized saponification, solvent extraction and normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. For all species analysed, the levels of vitamin A ranged from 10 to 1100 mg/kg, with all but seven at or below 400 mg/kg. For lamb and ox livers, the mean levels were 310 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg respectively for retail samples. The mean levels were 220 mg/kg (lamb) and 120 mg/kg (ox) in liver samples from animals fed controlled diets. The results are of the same order as those reported over recent years.
authors.affiliation: Food Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Scotter
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D011200:Poultry; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A