title: Risk factors for developmental disorders in infants born to women with Graves disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for disorders of fetal growth and thyroid function in the presence of maternal Graves disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirty pregnancies in gravidas with Graves disease were analyzed. Maternal thyroid status was evaluated by serum free thyroxine (T4) or free T4 index, TSH, and TSH-receptor antibody; personal history of thyrotoxicosis and total dose of antithyroid drugs during pregnancy were also noted. Neonatal thyroid function was assessed at birth and on the fifth day after birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen neonates (6.5%) were small for gestational age (SGA), and this occurrence was significantly associated with thyrotoxicosis lasting for 30 weeks or more of pregnancy, TSH-receptor antibody level of 30% or more at delivery, history of Graves disease of 10 years or longer, and onset of Graves disease before 20 years of age. However, no significant correlation was found between maternal thyroid hormone level and SGA neonates. Thyroid dysfunction developed in 38 infants (16.5%), of whom only four were SGA; development of this dysfunction was significantly related to the mother's total dose of antithyroid drugs, duration of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy, and/or TSH-receptor antibody level at delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duration of maternal Graves disease or thyrotoxicosis, either mild chemical or overt, in pregnancy is significantly associated with SGA neonates. Neonatal thyroid dysfunction is associated with the maternal thyroid condition, especially the serum TSH-receptor antibody level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyai
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanizawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013956:Antithyroid Agents; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin; D013963:Thyroid Hormones