title: Long-term results on the quadrangular osteotomy.
abstract: The results of a follow-up study of 17 patients who underwent a quadrangular osteotomy, are presented. The indication for a quadrangular osteotomy includes a hypoplastic maxilla with retruded infra-orbital rims and infra-orbital area, but with normal nose projection. Almost all patients were satisfied with the result. Relapse in a horizontal direction appeared to be approximately 12%; however, considerable relapse was seen in the vertical direction (61.7%-158%). A major problem during operation appeared to be the high rate of fractures of the infra-orbital wing. Sensory loss in the area of the infra-orbital nerve occurred in 79% of the operated sides. Four patients needed surgical correction of conditions that should be considered complications resulting from the osteotomy, including a case of partial ischaemic necrosis of the premaxilla in a BCLP patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nymegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brouns
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Freihofer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002508:Cephalometry; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D004954:Esthetics; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology; D012008:Recurrence; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery