title: Left ventricular volume determined echocardiographically by assuming a constant left ventricular epicardial long-axis/short-axis dimension ratio throughout the cardiac cycle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop and test a simplified echocardiographic method to calculate left ventricular volume.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This method was based on the assumption that the ratio of the left ventricular epicardial long-axis dimension to the epicardial short-axis dimension was constant throughout the cardiac cycle. With use of this constant ratio, the method developed to calculate left ventricular volume at a given point in the cardiac cycle required the left ventricular endocardial long-axis dimension to be measured at only one point in the cardiac cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were performed in 13 normal dogs, 8 normal puppies, 9 normal pigs, 12 dogs with aortic stenosis, 13 dogs with acute mitral regurgitation, 12 dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation, 7 dogs that had undergone mitral valve replacement and 6 pigs that had had chronic supraventricular tachycardia. Animals with aortic stenosis developed left ventricular pressure overload hypertrophy with a 60% increase in left ventricular mass; chronic mitral regurgitation caused left ventricular volume overload hypertrophy with a 46% increase in left ventricular volume; supraventricular tachycardia caused a dilated cardiomyopathy with a 55% decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The left ventricular epicardial long-axis/short-axis dimension ratio remained constant throughout the cardiac cycle in each animal group. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes calculated with the simplified echocardiographic method correlated closely with angiographically measured volumes; for end-diastolic volume, echocardiographic end-diastolic volume = 1.0 (angiographic end-diastolic volume) -1.8 ml, r = 0.96; for end-systolic volume, echocardiographic end-systolic volume = 0.98 (angiographic end-systolic volume) -0.7 ml, r = 0.95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus the left ventricular epicardial long-axis/short-axis dimension ratio was constant throughout the cardiac cycle in a variety of animal species and age groups and in the presence of cardiac diseases that significantly altered left ventricular geometry and function. The simplified echocardiographic method examined provided an accurate determination of left ventricular volumes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zile
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lindroth
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spinale
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Carabello
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mirsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013617:Tachycardia, Supraventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*