title: Sexual assault tracking study: who gets lost to follow-up?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether loss to follow-up can be predicted in patients who present to an emergency sexual assault assessment service and to generate hypotheses regarding the prediction of loss to follow-up on the basis of patient characteristics, assault characteristics and the services provided.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, exploratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency department functioning as a regional sexual assault centre in a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 294 women over the age of 16 years who presented to the emergency department with a complaint of sexual assault and consented to be followed up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone interviews at 24 to 48 hours and 1 month after presentation; face-to-face interviews after 1 week, 3 months and 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up status (tracked versus lost to follow-up), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), Beck Depression Scale (Beck) and Rape Trauma Symptom Rating Scale (RTSRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 24 to 48 hours 136 (46%) of the patients could not be reached. Only 61 (21%) were still tracked at 6 months. Loss to follow-up at 1 month accurately predicted loss to follow-up at 6 months in 209 (98%) of 214 patients. For tracked patients the STAI-Y and Beck scores improved over 6 months. These scores at 1 week did not predict follow-up status at 6 months, but the numbers were small. Subjects with a higher RTSRS score at 24 to 48 hours were most likely to remain tracked throughout the 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decisions regarding how vigorously to track patients with a complaint of sexual assault can tentatively be based on the characteristics of the victim and of the assault. We hypothesize that the characteristics predicting loss to follow-up include denial and avoidance behaviour, lack of a telephone number or forwarding address, history of a psychiatric condition, a disability (e.g., deafness), characterization as a "street person," a high degree of violence or injury in the assault, and threat by the assailant. Although a predictive model requires further data, crisis intervention services in an emergency department are essential, given the large number of patients lost to follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Grams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology