title: Development of highly fluid, concentrated and stable fluorocarbon emulsions for diagnosis and therapy.
abstract: A challenging aim in developing injectable fluorocarbon emulsions is to combine good flow characteristics (especially at low shear rates) with the high fluorocarbon concentration required for high oxygen delivery or effective contrast in imaging, long shelf life, and biological acceptability. A good balance of these sometimes conflicting objectives has been achieved with 90% w/v concentrated emulsions of various fluorocarbons, including the radiopaque oxygen carrier perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB, perflubron). The sterile emulsions have viscosities of about 20 cPs at a shear rate of 1 sec-1; the viscosity decreases rapidly with fluorocarbon concentration, and at 60% w/v the viscosity is less than that of human blood. The emulsions are suitable for injection as prepared, and are stable unfrozen for over a year.
authors.affiliation: Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, California.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Riess
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dalfors
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Krafft
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Pelura
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Schutt
mesh_terms: D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D010316:Particle Size; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons